Yini amagciwane ukuthola orderlies planethi: ipendulo efitjhani

eziningi eziphilayo ophilayo emhlabeni uyakwazi izinto zokuzisiza-producing organic ezidingekile umsebenzi wabo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe basebenzise imigudu ekhona udaba eziphilayo, usebenzisa salokhu enzyme akhethekile.

Autotrophs futhi heterotrophs

Esokuqala ukuthi abakhiqizi eyinhloko izakhi organic, okungukuthi labo aqukethe carbon, inani elikhulu izitshalo ezisetshenziswa le nqubo ye-photosynthesis. Le ndlela yokudla ngokuthi Autotrophic.

Enye indlela yokukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo kuyinto chemosynthesis, lapho nge eziyinkimbinkimbi redox ukusabela udaba eziphilayo ikhiqizwa sulphur, waxes, amaphrotheni, ngisho i-hydrogen. Le ndlela yokudla kuvamile phakathi amakoloni nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlala ekujuleni ezinkulu.

Lokho izinto eziphilayo ezenziwe nezinye izinto eziphilayo enqubeni ye-photosynthesis futhi chemosynthesis, zidla eziphilayo usebenzisa umsoco heterotrophic. Ngakho, heterotrophs anesikhundla ephakeme e eziwukudla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo axhomeke ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, futhi osmotrofy Biotroph

Phakathi ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo zivamile isu ukudla. umsoco Autotrophic esivela a ehleleke kakhulu eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, kanti isikhunta lenyama ukuvela ayethanda umsoco heterotrophic.

umsoco Heterotrophic kuhlanganisa amasu amaningana eyisisekelo yokuthola amandla nendaba siphelile organic.

Ngokwesibonelo, indlela abanye isikhunta futhi amabhaktheriya athola amandla kusuka imvelo, ebizwa osmotrofiya, isb ukuthola izakhi ngokuqondile ogangeni cell. Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona isethwe enzyme ezahlukene fungal okuyinto izidakamizwa ngaphambili wajinge wanamatsela e medium ezizungezile odongeni fungal.

Isigaba engenhla eziwukudla ukuthatha Biotroph, okuhlanganisa izilwane adla izitshalo nezilwane adla nezinye izilwane, abahlukumezi isb.

Kumqoka kakhulu semvelo ka yonke le mbulunga futhi saprotrophs amagciwane - okuthiwa yesimanje biology eziphilayo, wayaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi saprophytes.

Ammonification njengoba mbhoshongo isizinda ukudla

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini imali of udaba eziphilayo e ubunjalo kanye indima kule nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi udlalwa by nezilwanyana ezincane, kubalulekile ukuphendula umbuzo yini amabhaktheriya ukuthola iplanethi orderlies.

Njengabangaqondakali njengoba kuzwakala, kodwa omunye izinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kuyinto ammonification, ukuthi abolile. Lena kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho kusuka iphuzu amakhemikhali buka, inqubo ithatha isikhathi eside.

Ukuze ukuqaliswa le nqubo zivumelana ezincane, ukusuthisa udaba eziphilayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela noma iyiphi imfuyo oqukethe amaprotheni. Ukubaluleka inqubo kusukela iphuzu begazi umbono enikeziwe yasakazwa ukusatshalaliswa ammonifiers ukuthi sibaningi atholakala amanzi, inhlabathi, ukudla eziphilayo. Uma amagciwane uthola okwanele substrate efanelekayo, inqubo abolile iqala.

Nazi amabhaktheriya thola orderlies planethi:

• spore ukwakha ngama-bacterium Bacillus uhlobo lwe;
• clostridia;
• enterobacteria.

Lezi nezilwanyana ezincane anegunya inhlamvu inqubo noqhekeko ezijulile amaphrotheyini ahlukahlukene nitrogen-mahhala nezithako ze-nitrogen, okuyinto, asetshenziselwa ukuwela amanzi, emoyeni nasenhlabathini ngoba amandla plant, nakho kabusha ukuzisebenzisa ukwenziwa organic compounds, okungukuthi, ukukhula nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha.

Nquma ukuthi yiziphi amagciwane ukuthola orderlies le planethi, kubalulekile ukugxila izinzuzo silethwe simiso semvelo yabo. Kufanele aveze ngomonakalo ongase ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye ibhizinisi.

Kungani ama-bacterium saprotrophs ukuthola orderlies nemvelo

Omunye izakhi ezivamile kwamakhemikhali imvelo nitrogen, okuyinto ebalulekile ukukhula kwezitshalo nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi ukukhula kwakhe kanye nokuthuthukiswa izitshalo kudla imali enkulu nitrogen khulula enhlabathini, umoya namanzi. Ngakho-nitrogen lubopha futhi singatholakali ukusetshenziswa eminye.

Ngemva kokufa komzimba nitrogen isebujameni lapho angekhe azuze nezinye izitshalo. Kuyinto kulesigaba esimweni ukuza amabhaktheriya, isici esiyinhloko okuyinto umsoco heterotrophic. Kancane kancane kodwa kahle ninamathele zonke kufakwe udaba eziphilayo lomcebo e izakhi eziningi elula, okuyinto ngaleyo ndlela wabuyela imali zemvelo.

Ngu saprophytes hhayi kuphela inzuzo

Uma sewazi ukuthi imuphi amagciwane ukuthola orderlies le planethi, kungase futhi kube ngokuthi saprotrophs namagciwane ezingalimaza umuntu. Nakuba microflora emathunjini kwabantu iqukethe eziningi zama-bacterium putrefying, ukubuyabuyelela zabo ngokweqile kungabangela umonakalo kumuntu.

I eziyingozi kakhulu kukhona saprotrophs eskerikiya, Clostridium futhi Streptococcus.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zama-bacterium kubangele spoilage kwanoma ukudla, okubangela it umonakalo omkhulu kwezomnotho.