Zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev. izisusa zefilosofi e Tyutchev lyric

Ukuvela imihlola ezifana zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev, kwaba kungokwemvelo. Nokho, Fyodor Ivanovich, waba ngomunye wabokuqala izinkondlo, owaqala indlela entsha ukuze yenze umqondo ngo yakhe nezindaba umsebenzi wokuphila.

Ngokwesiko Russian kule 1820s, kwakubikwa isithakazelo ngo nefilosofi. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukusakaza emibuthanweni ebanzi umphakathi, eqele ngalé imibuthano emincane. Nakuba ngezindlela eziningi lokhu isithakazelo kwakubangelwa izimo emlandweni Russia, izwe lethu kulokhu kwaba ngempela kuhambisana nezinqubo European kwamasiko okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuzalwa izinkondlo zefilosofi ezincwadini Russian

Ukuphela 18 - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka 19. - sokuthuthwa kwempahla yaba nethonya elikhulu on isiphetho impucuko European wefilosofi German classical. ERussia kule 1820s iqala ukuthatha ukuma izinkondlo, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi zefilosofi. Lubonakala hhayi nje nesithakazelo jikelele, izinkinga ekuphileni, kwaba njalo ebaluleke izincwadi futhi lokho kuye kwaphawulwa, isibonelo, izinkondlo sekwedlule Pushkin. Kube isifiso ukuqaphela ngosizo amazwi ngemibono yefilosofi yesayensi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho amafilosofi athile.

Kungani Tiutchev kubhekwe imbongi-sefilosofi?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo akunzima kangako. Ngokwesiko Russian of Tiutchev idumela imbongi-sefilosofi, njengoba kungenzeka kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye, wakwazi ukuveza emsebenzini wakhe isipiliyoni lyrical imibono ethile zefilosofi. Ekupheleni 1820-1830 iminyaka ebhala abaningi abadumile izinkondlo ngokuzinikela lezi zifiso, Tiutchev. izinkondlo zefilosofi (tinkondlo, uhlu oboniswe ngezansi) yalotshwa ngalesi sikhathi. Isebenza ezifana:

• "Umbono".
• "Summer Evening".
• "Ukungalali."
• "Cicero".
• "Mal'aria".
• "Silentium!" kanye nabanye.

Bese-ke, kusukela ngo-1840, wabhala iningi yimpumelelo kakhulu izinkondlo zakhe ngothando. Nokho, kunzima kungenzeka esiqinile thematic Ukwahlukaniswa isosha esihlatshelelwayo wakhe njengokwenza kwabo bonke, izingqikithi wendabuko "engunaphakade ', ikakhulukazi ubunjalo nothando, sesiye incazelo imbongi sika zefilosofi.

Fedor ubuhlobo ukuze ifilosofi Schelling

It is bodokotela bese yokuthi Tiutchev iphathwa enozwelo owaziwa Schelling. Wakhuluma naye mathupha e-Germany (isithombe se-German sefilosofi isethi ebhalwe ngenhla). Khulumela ke ukuthi izwe yemvelo futhi izwe umuntu angikho zifana nomunye, sonke nokuhlobene kakhulu yonke. Schelling wabona imvelo njengamandla eziphilayo, umoya ngokungazi yokudala, isimiso "potency" (inyuka izigaba) kokuba polarity, kanye nobunye ashukumisayo eziphikisanako. Enkabeni yalo, lena kwakungeyona imfundiso asankondlo esiduduzayo, osho ukuthi izwe lethu knowable. Lolu lwazi, ngaphezu, igunya elanikezwa ubuciko, okuyinto wasebenza njengomfundisi uhlobo ekuqondeni izwe ngokusebenzisa umuzwa.

Izithombe Imini Nobusuku

izinkondlo zefilosofi Tiutchev has ngokusebenzisa izithombe kanye motifs ukuthi ziwumfuziselo bese ubuyela umfundi njalo ukuqonda izinkinga khona. Kubalulekile kakhulu, isibonelo, izithombe Imini Nobusuku. Njenganoma yimuphi izinhlamvu zangempela, bangakwazi kuphela ukuhumusha obakhathalelayo. Zefilosofi izinkondlo Tyutchev - inkondlo lapho kokuphikisa ukukhanya nobumnyama ayikwazi aqondwe njengokufaka umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Usebenta kunalokho of comprehensibility, okunengqondo, okunengqondo, kulawulwa ukucabanga komuntu futhi sizohlala (kokuqala kosuku abantu nasekuphileni) - kanye inscrutable, engaqondakali, okuyinto ixhumanisa abantu nge ekuqaleni cosmic futhi senza ngokuphambene kakhulu kwamandla ethu.

"Chaos sidilizwa"

Ezethusayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezikhangayo lyrical Tiutchev ebusuku emhlabeni, ngoba umuntu uyesaba chaza kunyamalale ngokuphelele. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, ngokuvumelana senkondlo, "Yini bayaklabalasa, ebusuku umoya ...". It 'Chaos lasendulo "akuyona kuphela ngaphandle yomuntu, kodwa yena. Emkhakheni Fyodor Ivanovich thina "uthando esibulalayo": Chaos ngomqondo iba 'izinkanuko enobudlova ubumpumputhe ", futhi umuntu akanakho ukuphatha phezu kwabo.

Efanisa umphefumulo womuntu wendawo yonke

Zefilosofi lyric indaba ephathwayo Tiutchev akugcini okungenhla. Ngokwesibonelo, emsebenzini "silentium!" imbongi lifanisa umphefumulo womuntu wendawo yonke, umhlaba. Ngaphakathi ngamunye wethu izinkanyezi nolwanga lwakho. Fedor ekuchazeni yonke ngokwengqondo isebenzisa izithombe nemibala nobuntu bakhe zefilosofi imisebenzi ngemvelo, "ngaphandle" emhlabeni. Lawa Motifs zefilosofi e amazwi Tiutchev, njengoba kokuphikisa imini nobusuku, ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni, besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi nezikhathi ozithandayo sokushintshela - kusihlwa, ekuseni, ilanga liphuma. Nokho, enkondlweni "silentium!" lezi zithombe akuzona ngakho batshengise samanje embhalweni. Bathi nje kukhanye endaweni ethile ekujuleni yayo. A uchungechunge eside izinhlangano ezikhula emongweni zonke Tiutchev izinkondlo (indlela yesimanje le nkondlo bese kamuva) ifinyelela i mbalwa zwi akhethwe kancane. It selinqunyiwe imisebenzi efana "Insomnia", "umbono", "Summer Evening", "Enye fun usuku ezinomsindo ..." nabanye. Futhi uyosabela, aphendule lezi zithombe enkondlweni "Kugcine Uthando", lapho okufanayo njengasezulwini "silentium!", umphefumulo womuntu ufaniswa yonke, umhlaba.

Nature futhi indoda, yebo, njalo eqhathanisa izinkondlo, kuhlanganise kuhlanganise temdzabu (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "impindamqondo ngokwengqondo"). Kuvamise ubunjalo humanized. Nokho, izinkondlo zefilosofi Tiutchev - inyumbazane, ngokuvamile leso kusuke abasebenzela.

Ifilosofi izinkondlo ngokuthi izindlela yokuqonda yokuphila

zefilosofi e isosha esihlatshelelwayo ulahlekelwe terminological yabo. Esikhathini Imibandela kakhulu, siye echazwe ukubaluleka Fyodor Ivanovich Amatshwayo Ubusuku Day, kodwa kungaba ngokuphawulekayo elicwengisiswe, uma sicabangela ngabanye amavesi Tiutchev. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo ke edidayo ukuze incazelo yalezi izimpawu zingase zishintshe ngisho. It kuncike umongo. Uma esikhathini esiqinile umqondo nefilosofi - lena uhlelo ukuthi uzama ukungaguquguquki terminological we imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okumele zibhekwe, izinkondlo Tiutchev - zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo, lapho kukhona imisebenzi Okusizayo umqondo okukhethekile.

umqondo alizimele izinkondlo Tiutchev sika

Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni "Akukhona ukuthi crease wena, imvelo" libhekisela yokuthi imvelo has a umphefumulo, uthando, inkululeko, ngolimi lwabo. Futhi umsebenzi "Nature - Sphinx" Tiutchev cabanga yokuthi mhlawumbe lefihlekile ayinayo, kanti maningi amathuba it is abachitha art yabo umuntu.

Ifilosofi - iyona zamagama oyinhloko ekuphileni nokuhlangenwe nakho ngokwengqondo, kanye izinkondlo ithumba nakho besikhashana ngokomzwelo, kuhlanganise isipiliyoni ngemibono yefilosofi. Ngokusobala, Tiutchev bezilokhu inkinga khona, kodwa isixazululo yabo kungaba ezahlukene izikhathi ezahlukene zokuphila imbongi sika. Kuyinto ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isosha esihlatshelelwayo - isipiliyoni yomuntu, ngoba kungenzeka ukuba zisetshenziswe Schelling uhlelo lwakho (okuyinto, ngokuvamile, bekulokhu ukuthi ayemakhulu amathemba ababenawo), lona ithoni ezibuhlungu.

Ngakho, savula izici eliyinhloko lale ndaba akhuluma zisithakazelise (Yiqiniso, lokhu kuphela ipulani eyejwayelekile). Zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev kuwufanele ukubazi wakhe kangcono futhi ukuthola imininingwane ezintsha nezithakazelisayo kanye nemifanekiso kwezobuciko.