Owavula pirate IsiZulu Frensis Dreyk?

Adume IsiZulu pirate Frensis Dreyk yazihlanganisa ezamehlela pirate eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-26, ngo-1567. Ngisho eminyakeni esanda kweva eminyakeni wayeyilungu ngokushesha le Hawkins '. Drake 24 Meyi, 1572 ngomkhumbi Plymouth endaweni ukubhukuda njalo. Wanquma ukuba aliphathe umkhumbi wakho siqu "EVA". nomfowabo omncane Francis, uJohane awuboniswa ukusebenza omunye umkhumbi, "Pasha". Drake phakathi nalo mkhankaso kanye nezinye uhambo lomkhumbi wenza pirate agasele oLwandle LwaseCaribbean off esiqhingini pins (manje Isle of Youth) futhi ugu Cuba.

Francis wabuya ngemva "ubuqhawe" amaningi eNgilandi Novemba 3, 1580 koroleva Elizaveta wathola naye honours okukhulu. Waze wanikela pirate inkemba phezu eyayibhalwe ukuthi uma hit Drake, okusho ukuthi embusweni wamshaya. Elizabeth umamukele USir Francis isihloko. Waba Admiral ka wempi waseBrithani futhi ilungu ephalamende. Strange, akunjalo? Nokho, konke lokhu Frensis Dreyk kwakumfanele. In autumn 1580, wabuyela hhayi kuphela ukudunwa mkhankaso. Francis uhambo emhlabeni wonke. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi wayethole Frensis Dreyk futhi umphumela ngohambo lwakhe. Siphinde imininingwane sendlela ukuba ngedlule kulokho uhambo abadumile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akekho wamyala ukuba afeze circumnavigation, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, pirate awuzange uhlela kuso. Ngalezo zinsuku, abaningi okutholakele ezindawo ashiwo ithuba, ngenxa izimo ezingalindelekile.

Ukulungiselela ukubhukuda

Frensis Dreyk ekwindla ka 1577 igcwaliswe ukulungiswa umkhankaso pirate. Wahlela ukuya Pacific (entshonalanga) ogwini Ningizimu Melika. Ukuqeqeshwa kungaba nokuqalisa ngosizo abashisekeli abanethonya, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona koroleva Elizaveta yena. Umqondo umkhankaso elilula: abaseSpain besingalindele nokuhlaselwa kwaleli ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika kanye noma ulwandle noma umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi cishe angajeziswa yokweba imikhumbi nemizana ugu.

Olwandle, ephumula e San Julian

Umkhumbi Francis Drake (kwakukhona 4) ekupheleni 1577 babevela Plymouth. Kusese Apreli ngonyaka ozayo Pirates efika esizalweni somfula. La Plata. Esenze stop esifushane, baya eningizimu. Pirates wabe ngasogwini olusePatagonia. Leli yigama Argentina yesimanje, esukela Strait of Magellan embhedeni emfuleni. Río Negro. Ngo San Julián bay eningizimu olusePatagonia, lo weqembu lemikhumbi Francis banquma ukwenza stop. Phela, ukuthi kule bay Magellan ubusika Juni yaziwa - Okthoba 1520

Ithimba Izinkinga

Ngemva kwalokhu Nokho ukumisa weqembu lemikhumbi waqhubeka, kakade emikhunjini emithathu. Iqiniso lokuthi omunye umkhumbi bewunephoso futhi washiswa ngemiyalo yezikhulu Drake. Ngokushesha lezi zihambi safinyelela Strait of Magellan. tortuous futhi kunzima baKhe fairway ngokulambisa wakwazi ukunqoba ezingu-20. Itilosi bayahlupheka ngenxa yamakhaza. Kwakungu-July, futhi kungalesi sikhathi eNingizimu Nenkabazwe, ngenyanga enomoya. Ekugcineni, ithimba badlulela koLwandle iPacific uzoqhubeka ethinta enyakatho ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kungazelelwe, pirates lamfica isiphepho eziqine. Omunye umkhumbi we ezintathu ezingekho. Kunalokho, uyazibekezelela lapho iphahlazeka waminza endaweni ethile olwandle. Enye umkhumbi kabusha langena Strait of Magellan. Pirates, ngomkhumbi saya esikebheni ephethwe ukuba baphindele eNgilandi. Kukhona umkhumbi owodwa kuphela. Kwakuwusuku Flagship Francis Drake "Golden Hind".

Drake zathola

Umkhumbi ngemva kwesiphepho, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi kude ngaseningizimu. Frensis Dreyk waphawula ukuthi Tierra del Fuego kuphelela lapha. Itholakala ku eningizimu ulwandlekazi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, ngengozi, enziwe ukutholakala ezibalulekile womhlaba. Kwacaca ukuthi Tierra del Fuego - kulesi siqhingi. Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi wawuyingxenye yezinto ezweni ababengalazi. Yini wavula Frensis Dreyk, kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Kamuva Strait phakathi Antarctica neseNingizimu kufanele esabe sesaziwa ngokuthi i-Drake uMzila.

Ukuhlaselwa emikhunjini iSpanishi, impango ocebile

Ocean ekugcineni esehlise umoya, futhi izulu liphenya. Bebona lokhu, Frensis Dreyk unqume ukuba baqhubeke nalo uhambo. Pirate ephethwe enyakatho umkhumbi owodwa. Bebona budebuduze ezisondelene, iqembu ngename. Amatilosi aqala ukukhohlwa ubunzima travel, okuyinto baye endaweni Tierra del Fuego ngemva kokuba imikhumbi yokuqala Spanish. Ngenxa yalokho sokuhlaselwa kubo ophethe "Golden Deer" kancani kancani ziyogcwala amagugu negolide.

Drake ngaphandle isidingo esiphuthumayo hhayi ukuthatha ukuphila kwalabo iyophangwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza kwakhe pirate senzeka kunjalo akukho ukulahleka ethimbeni lakhe. Drake yona amaNdiya laseChile ubudlelwane cishe enobungane. Ukutholakala iwayini, ukudla abesifazane kusukela ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala, impango ocebile baba umvuzo ubunzima nezingozi sizibone ngaphambili. Drake athumba galleon Spanish ibithwele imigexo negolide amakoloni aseMelika endaweni yomcebo-Spanish. Akuwona wonke pirate ungase ngizibonge impumelelo enjalo. ingcebo etholwe sasisikhulu kangangokuba banayo ndawo kakade lokuthumela. Kwakudingekile ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo, kodwa kanjani?

ukubuya

Yiqiniso, uFrancis angazanga futhi ayikwazanga ukwazi amacebo abaseSpain. Nokho, njengoba ukaputeni abanolwazi, wakwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela imikhumbi iSpanishi, uhlose ukumbulala, zidlule Strait of Magellan maqondana. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Kwakudingekile ukuze asindise abantu ngokwabo kanye amagugu ezebiwe. Futhi yini Frensis Dreyk? Wanquma ukuya enyakatho, ezihambayo ogwini olusentshonalanga ye Melika. Ubude lendlela emangalisayo. Drake wathatha ulwandle Tierra del Fuego (Yiqiniso, ephumula izikhathi eziningana ogwini) ogwini Chile nasePeru, nakhona kwaba ngu EMexico naseMelika Ephakathi, ezweni ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States namuhla. Ngo ukuphela efika degree 48 N, okungukuthi, wakwenza kuze kube semngceleni US ne-Canada namuhla. Ubude ingqikithi lendlela okungenani 20 thous. Km, njengoba imoto ihamba akuyona ngokuqinile endleleni Meridian. Lo mkhumbi imikiswe ogwini eMelika.

Uya ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga swerved. Ababebalekela ushushiso, uFrancis wayengumdala ngomumo, kungenzeka ukufinyelela i-Atlantic Ocean, waphetha le-Nyakatfo Melika. Nokho, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afeze, njengoba pirates ayikaziwa ukuthi kukhona indlela. Kwakukhona elilodwa kuphela indlela yokuphuma - ukuze ujike entshonalanga, ekutholeni ngokwabo wilds ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Isihloko eningizimu-ntshonalanga, Drake ifinyelele Marianas ngemuva kwezinyanga 3. umkhumbi wakhe ngisho izinyanga 1,5-2 baye bathuthela phakathi eziqhingini Molucca ziqhingi. Drake endaweni kungaba kahle ukuhlangana yempi isiPutukezi noma iSpanishi. Nokho, waba nenhlanhla ukugwema lezi zimpi.

Isigaba yokugcina yalolu hambo

Esigabeni esilandelayo edumile pirate ngomkhumbi kungenziwa ngokuthi eyingqayizivele ngezinhlobo zayo. Drake sika umkhumbi isethi kuqalwe uhambo lwasolwandle kusukwe esiqhingini Java ngokusebenzisa Indian Ocean eCape of Good Hope. Izihambi imikiswe iCape, waya enyakatho. Banquma ngomkhumbi ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika naseNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile le Pirates efika Bay of Biscay. E Plymouth befika ekuqaleni Novemba 1580 Ngakho, isikhathi uhambo eminyakeni 3 waphenduka circumnavigation.

Merit Francis Drake

Pirate Frensis Dreyk - induna yesibili ngemva F. Magellan, ngubani wakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, yayingathandi nenhlanhla kakhulu kuneyokuqala yakhe. Ngemva Magellan abakutholanga ePortugal. Wabulawa endaweni skirmish nge abantu bendawo, owenzeka ngo-Philippine Islands. Ngemva ngemva kokufa kwakhe eminyakeni 1.5 umkhumbi lokusinda kuphela kuholele amalungu ethimba Lisbon ngubani wakwazi ukusinda.

Izimpumelelo Francis Drake Yayinesikhwanyana hhayi kuphela yokuthi wakwazi e ngomkhumbi esiyingozi futhi eside ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe. Wabuyisa iningi amatilosi umkhumbi "Golden Hind". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Francis Drake galleon aholwa siqu yenduna walethwa Plymouth port (England). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi wawusengozini okusanhlamvu ezinkulu zegolide amagugu ahlukahlukene.

Ngokushesha ngemva lolu hambo (1577-1580) Francis Drake pirate lula njengoba eminyakeni eminingana edlule, uye waba yibo bonke Admiral British we Fleet. Indlovukazi England wamnikeza zonke idumisa. Okutholakele Francis Drake sasizazisa.

Ngemva kwalokho, izikhathi eziningi, uFrancis waya olwandle. Walwa kanye lezitsha Spanish. Francis 1588, kokuba yingxenye dudula ekuhlaseleni Armada yaseSpain. Impi yaphela ngo-ukunqoba lwesiNgisi. I pirate edumile washona ngo 1596, unyaka owodwa ngaphambi baya uhambo olulandelayo. ECaribbean, wafa uhudo.

Drake uMzila

Futhi namhlanje, a strait ohlanganisa iNingizimu Shetland Islands futhi Tierra del Fuego, ngokuthi yokudumisa pirate. A layperson bangase bacabange ukuthi lokhu unguZiqu yokungaqondi noma nje umlando othakazelisayo. Kodwa manje ngokuthi wazi konke izimo Kulokhu, singasho ukuthi akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuzethemba. Zonke kweqiniso, ngoba Drake kuye kwafeza lukhulu izwe lakhe. Kodwa hhayi kuphela wakhe. Yini Frensis Dreyk ukuba Geography, hhayi kancane, futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu.