Minerals Belarus, isimo sabo kanye nokusetshenziswa

Yini Belarus ewusizo kuhluke izinqolobane abalulekile amaminerali? Yini kufihlwe ekujuleni amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu? Kanjani ngendlela enomqondo ukuthuthukisa futhi isebenzise izidubedube weRiphabhulikhi? Phendula le mibuzo sizozama kulesi sihloko.

Belarus: izici ezivamile ubunjalo izwe

geography ngokomzimba waseBelarus libhekene izici eziningana. Ziyakwazi:

• endaweni emathafeni;
• the predominance izinga lokuphila labampofu wapheka-podzolic futhi wapheka-bog emhlabathini;
• a sezulu esipholile yezwekazi nge njalo thaws ebusika;
• amaxhaphozi enkulu (30%);
• inombolo enkulu igcwele amachibi (isiyonke - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane).

Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezwe imbozwe amahlathi, owakhiwa ikakhulukazi oki, birch, e-aspen, sonwele noma zikaphayini. amachibi eziningi nasemaxhaphozini waseBelarus oyikhethile tinhlobo tetinyoni. Isimo kuyinto inqolobane Bialowieza Forest, okuyinto ngalé ilizwe eyaziwa. It ivikelwe labantu elikhulu zinyathi, kanye wokugcina e-Europe, relict ihlathi ndawo.

Minerals Belarus: Amasheya Nama ezingeni yentuthuko

Ngo Belarus kukhona angaba yizinkulungwane 4 ezifakwa amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ukuze izwe lonke lelo zwe idume izinqolobane zalo enkulu umanyolo. Ngomthamo imali yayo zezimboni ke onesikhundla ehola eYurophu.

Okunye namaminerali waseBelarus - uyidwala usawoti, Peat, kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa for the umkhakha wokwakha (egwadle, dolomite, wokulinganisa, limestone, njll). Kukhona kuleli zwe futhi encane Amasimu uwoyela. ukuthuthukiswa yabo kwaqala ngawo-1960. Nokho, kuze kube manje, funa yayo yasekhaya emnyama igolide zwe lithé% 12-15 kuphela.

Kujwayele ukuthi ekujuleni Belarus, igolide bendabuko kanye diamonds (ngokuvumelana ezizathwini of ezinye izazi, izazi zokuma komhlaba). Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa yabo futhi ukukhiqiza Noma ngabe yikuphi kube uneconomical ngenxa zokulala esijule kakhulu kwalezi zinsiza.

Mining and chemical izinto zokusetshenziswa: phosphate, umanyolo kanye rock usawoti

Ngaphakathi Mogilev esifundeni republic uhlole idiphozithi yanoma rock-phosphate. Lapha, ngokuvumelana zokuma komhlaba zithi ke imayelana million 60 amathani izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngo Belarus, phosphate ethulwa ngesimo amapuleti mncane noma okunye ehlakazekile izingqimba eziningana isihlabathi.

Ekujuleni lizwe wathola kanye potassium nosawoti. Imali lokhu izidubedube basuke bagxila engxenyeni eseningizimu Belarus (Starobin, Oktyabrsky, Petrikov). izinsiza zabo ezimboni balinganisela izazi zokuma komhlaba ngesikhathi amathani 10 bhiliyoni, kanye Imininingwane (phambili) - amathani angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80.

Ngo Belarus, wathola izinqolobane cishe angenamkhawulo rock usawoti. Ziyakwazi in the Pripyat elisemcengezini, indawo 25,000 amakhilomitha square. Upper Devonian rock usawoti ezifakwa kwakheka izingqimba ezimbili. Imayini Kwenziwa kuze izindawo ezimbili kuphela - ngesikhathi Mozyr futhi Starobin imali. izinqolobane zabo ukuyithola engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 22 amathani izinto zokusetshenziswa.

izinto amaminerali zokusetshenziswa for embonini yezokwakha

Ngu amaminerali ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni, kufanele ichasiselwe loam nobumba, isihlabathi, amatshe, amatshe, wokulinganisa, Marl, limestone, egwadle, dolomite, labradorite, imifekethiso, kaolin nye shushuzela. Insimu Belarus unothile kakhulu kulezi namaminerali.

ubumba Fusible atholakala cishe kulo lonke leli zwe. Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili babanjwa, ngisho nemingcele Minsk. esezingeni ubumba manga Vitebsk esifundeni. izinqolobane Inani Clays fusible e Belarus kulinganiselwa ngaso emude ngesigamu bhiliyoni amathani. Cishe ivolumu efanayo futhi amatshe-itshana impahla kuleli zwe. Refractory nobumba refractory kuthiwa imali ngaphakathi Loev futhi Stolin izifunda.

Ensimini ka Belarus ngenkuthalo misela silicate esekhuhla nodaka. izinqolobane zabo Imininingwane kungenzeka kulinganiselwa ngaso amamitha eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili-cubic of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Sands Ukwakhiwa misela namuhla amasimu 20. I enkulu kubo itholakala eduze nedolobhana Lebezhany eBaranovichi wesifunda.

Ekujuleni Belarus amanga izinto zokusetshenziswa for the umkhakha usimende - Marl, wokulinganisa, ubumba kanye moraine. Ikakhulukazi, endaweni uhlole Kostyukovichskij idiphozi elikhulu usimende izinto zokusetshenziswa eYurophu - Komunarskiy. Ngezinye kwesisekelo salo esebenza izitshalo ezintathu. Kodwa ngasemzini Vitebsk kuyinto idiphozi enkulu dolomite.

Ngo Belarus kusukela umhlaba kuphinde kwatholakala zombala amaminerali (udayi), okuyinto kabanzi zimboni. Kuyinto ezimhlophe wokulinganisa, ocher, siderite futhi glauconite.

namaminerali Ore

Belarus uyazi okungenani ezimbili ezifakwa ka-nsimbi. Basuke etholakala Korelichi futhi Stolbtsy wesifunda. Okuqukethwe yensimbi e quartzite wendawo uphansi futhi kufana 30%. ukukhiqizwa Ore Futhi kunzima nesenzakalo ngempela ezijulile ezivuzayo yayo.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe, izazi zokuma komhlaba zikholelwa, kungenzeka amanye idiphozithi yanoma izinsimbi non-ayoni, ngokukhethekile, ithusi bomdabu kanye chalcopyrite. Ngo Lelchitsa lokuhlushwa uranium e inhlabathi libanzi futhi ifinyelela ukusebenza ezimbonini (ie, inhlangano ukukhiqizwa yayo kungaba khona engabizi). Ngokuvamile, izazi zokuma komhlaba ukuhlola eningizimu yezwe, lapho ubuso nobuso isihlangu amatshe crystalline. Bayaqiniseka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyoba ekuvuleni amasimu amasha amaminerali ahlukahlukene metallic.

Okokhelekayo namaminerali: uwoyela, igesi, Peat

I kahle kuqala namafutha yamba e Belarus ngasekuqaleni 50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Nokho, isizinda uwoyela kwakungesikho eliphezulu kakhulu. Black igolide steel ngezinga ezimbonini ukukhiqiza lapha kuphela maphakathi nawo-1960. Belarusian umkhiqizo kawoyela isikhungo okwakuseduze layo umuzi Rechitsa e le Gomel esifundeni. Amafutha wendawo kwahluka izinga kakade ephakeme. Enye insimu uwoyela ezinkulu (Ostashkovichi) latholakala amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka Rechitsa.

Sekukonke, namuhla Belarus uhlole uwoyela Amasimu engaba mihlanu kweshumi. izinqolobane Ubude zegolide black kuzo amathani abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-90. Minyaka yonke, izwe sivela kugcwele yayo abangaba yizigidi ezimbili zalezi izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ngo Belarus uwoyela iqukethe ezinye igesi okuhlobene. Nokho, ukukhiqizwa yayo ihlanganisa ngephesenti elilodwa kuphela isidingo Imininingwane yasekhaya kule nsiza. igesi Ephathelene isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi ezishisayo amandla plant, futhi isetshenziselwa Ukushisa Izakhiwo zokuhlala e imizana we Gomel esifundeni.

Esikhathini amathumbu weRiphabhulikhi zikhona izimali ezifakwa omkhulu omunye imithombo nophethiloli - Peat. Imininingwane izinqolobane kwabo cubic metres engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Kuze kube yimanje, Peat e Belarus ikhiqizwa 42 Amasimu. Iningi lazo zitholakala Polesie esifundeni.

Ezinye izisetshenziswa ethembisa amaminerali yezwe

Yini namanye amaminerali ukukhiqiza ezithembisa e Belarus? Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezifana:

• lignite;
• uwoyela oluthambile;
• Gypsum.

On insimu yezwe ezobhekwa ehlukahlukene lamafutha oluthambile, okuyinto amanga ngesikhathi amamitha angu-600 ukujula. izinqolobane zabo Imininingwane kulinganiselwa amathani nanye bhiliyoni. Amasu izidubedube futhi Belarusian ansundu. ezifakwa elikhulu le nsiza fuel njengezingayisabalalisa entshonalanga Pripyat wokuxovela. Ngo esifundeni efanayo has ezifakwa elikhulu Gypsum. amasheya Common zokwakha balinganiselwa ku engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-400 ochwepheshe.

Insimu Belarus, ngenxa izici of isakhiwo Geological, amanzi amaminerali ocebile futhi ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphakathi ezweni wembula emithonjeni eminingi ye sulphate, Bicarbonate, magnesium, kanye nezinye amanzi.

izinkinga Modern nezici izidubedube e Belarus

Ekupheleni 2015 uMongameli u-Alexander Lukashenko umhlangano lapho, phakathi kokunye, kuxoxwa isimo kanye nokusetshenziswa samanje izidubedube base yezwe. Inhloko isimo wagcizelela ukuthi Belarus kufanele kwenzeke ukuba kuncishiswe ekuthembeleni yayo minerals angaphandle. Lokhu kuzodinga ukukhiqizwa ezifakwa kakade ezobhekwa, kanye search asebenzayo amasha.

Belarus uchitha ngonyaka yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 11 zamarandi ukuthengwa hydrocarbon abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-ukungenisa ezweni nalabo amaminerali, okuyinto in inqwaba eziqukethwe yembathani republic. Sikhuluma amatshe itshe ochotshoziwe, usimende. Isimo esifanayo nomunye ebalulekile: ngokwesibonelo, ukuba ngesikhathi ekuchithweni kwayo izinqolobane obuningi amaminerali amanzi eliphezulu, izwe othenga amanzi okuphuza eFrance, e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe.

Belarus isungule luhlelo esikhethekile zentuthuko kanye nokuphathwa izidubedube wendawo, okumele ngcono isimo sibe ngcono.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngaphakathi ezweni ibilokhu uhlole emikhakheni ehlukene ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 4. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke izinsiza Belarusian ewusizo ukuthi manje ayenziwa - usawoti potassium, uwoyela, igesi, Peat, idwala usawoti, dolomite, ukwakha isihlabathi, ubumba kanye Marl.