Iklabishi butterfly emhlophe (Pieris brassicae). izimvemvane

Butterfly iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe kuyahluka usayizi ngokwanele ezinkulu. Abesilisa ukufinyelela 55 mm, nabesifazane kukhona inkudlwana --60 mm namaphiko. Pieris brassicae L. kubhekwa ezinonya yemifino ingadi inkathazo ukuthi sibulala izitshalo izitshalo kutshalwa omkhaya iklabishi nabanye. Yiziphi izindlela zokunqanda lezi zinambuzane? Ikhaya zale izimvemvane, babukeka kanjani, indlela ukuthuthukisa? Ngalolu futhi eziningi nezinye kamuva esihlokweni.

isizukulwane

Ngenkathi hot, futhi ezindaweni eningizimu ethuthuka, njengoba umthetho, izizukulwane ezintathu, enyakatho - amabili. Eyokuqala iza ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ekupheleni April futhi ekuqaleni kuka-May, enyakatho - kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-May-ekuqaleni June. Okuningi isizukulwane eziningi yesibili avele July no-August. Butterflies ndizela ekupheleni kuka-September. Isizukulwane sesithathu kungenziwa exutshwe yesibili ezindaweni eningizimu. Nokho, njengoba umthetho, yobudala abantu lwesithathu ukukhasa ngokusebenzisa nezitshalo bahlale kude azehlukanise futhi angahlala kuze Okthoba.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezinkathi iklabishi butterfly mhlophe

Iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe iziphungumangathi overwinter ku zemithi, ezihlabayo, uthango wokwakha izindonga amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi. Ngemva esifushane ngemva kokuhamba abantu baqale amaqanda ikakhulukazi phezu underside amahlamvu iklabishi nezinye kwamasiko futhi ukhula cruciferous umndeni yemifino isitshalo. amaqanda owesifazane abekwa ngeenqhema nanhlanu kuya izinhlamvu ezingamakhulu amabili e inqwaba. Emva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha noma nantathu amacimbi sebeqala ukuvela. Isikhathi sokuqala izingane ukuhlala ndawonye. Molting e izibungu ivela izikhathi ezine. Isinyathelo isikhathi incike izimo zezulu. Isikhathi umjikelezo kuyinto zingakapheli izinsuku 13-38. Phakathi nokwebuza kuthiwa ama phakathi nalesi sikhathi span kuyinto izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Pupa sibe uvemvane, ngokwesilinganiso, emva kwezinsuku 10-17. Lesi sizukulwane esisha amaqanda walala ekupheleni July kuya ekuqaleni kuka-August (e indlela ephakathi nendawo). Uma kungenjalo kwenziwe ukucutshungulwa izitshalo nokulwa sengathi okhethekile wokuqala, kufanele uqale ukuze akhule ngendlela ngamanani amakhulu. Ezindaweni eningizimu (Central Asia), inkathazo has ezintathu noma ezine, kanti kwezinye izindawo (eCaucasus, isibonelo) ukuze kwezizukulwane ezinhlanu.

endaweni

Iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe, lusakazwe kabanzi kuyo yonke insimu yase-Eastern Europe. Futhi, amalungu kohlobo zingatholakala ezindaweni esipholile se-Asiya, esifundeni empumalanga eJapane, kanye naseNyakatho ye-Afrika. Ngo-1993-ke kwasho Ukungena izilwane ensimini ka Southern Primorye. Iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe walethwa Panama ne-Chile. Ezindaweni esenyakatho ye-Arctic umbuthano endaweni kungatholakala abantu ikakhulukazi migrantnyh. Ekhethwayo ngamalungu zinhlobo seduze kwemigwaqo, ihlathi imiphetho, amapaki, izingadi, izimfunda, ihlathi emasimini, amathrekhi ujantshi. Futhi, iklabishi ngokuvamile utholakala ezindaweni lapho kutshalwa izitshalo cruciferous. Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo izimvemvane kungagcini izimo lokushisa. Ngakho, iziphungumangathi ubusika bayabulawa at -20 degrees ku eliningi ngokwanele ezinkulu. Amazinga elikhulu ekukhuleni abantu kubhekwa 20-26 degrees ngenhla zero. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo kakhulu (phezu 35-38 ° C) kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa iklabishi butterfly omhlophe noma afe. inkathazo yande kakhulu endaweni Russia, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, endaweni eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude yeCanada. Kukhona-ke kube nzima khona nokuthuthukiswa okushisa ngokwanele ongaphakeme nemibandela ezinzima zezulu.

incazelo

Iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe amaphiko emhlophe. Amakhona phambi zipendwe ngombala omnyama, futhi bakhulise - a smear amnyama onqenqemeni eziholayo ebusweni. Abesifazane babe izici zayo. Ikakhulukazi, ku amaphiko awo phambi kukhona izindawo ezimbili eziyindilinga abamnyama. Egg - ophuzi, ibhodlela-ukuma. ukuphakama yabo imayelana 1.25 mm. Uma uyikha phezulu le neqanda ebonakalayo izimbambo longitudinal. amacimbi Ubumpunga eliluhlaza shestnadtsatitinogie umzimba amnyama izindawo ensundu amachashazi, okuyinto zihlelwe zaba imigqa owendlalekile transverse. Izinhlangothi zomzimba futhi eduze emuva aphuzi (ngemuva ulula kunokotini ezinhlangothini) we umdweshu. isibungu umzimba embozwe izinwele kanye bristles. Ikhanda izingane abamnyama kanye nabantu abadala embozwe izindawo ukukhanya. ithrekhi obuphelele lingafika ku 35-40 mm. Abantu bazo engu lokuqala ukukhanya umbala oluhlaza, futhi imizimba yabo embozwe warts black. A Dolly ine ukuma emincane, umbala ogqamile ephuzi, amachashazi amnyama emaceleni futhi emuva.

ukudla

Iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe odla izitshalo cruciferous. amacimbi Young, ukuba okokuqala ndawonye, badle uginindela kusuka phansi amaqabunga, kusale isikhumba phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ukukhasa emhlabeni simila. amahlamvu iklabishi iqala ukuba uqede ogxile imiphetho, amacimbi omdala ingene phezu kwaleyo engenhla. Bona badla inyama, kusale emithanjeni indawo kuphela. Butterflies uncamela fly ngesikhathi sasemini. Badla (ngaphandle kwamaqabunga uginindela) umpe izitshalo. lokuhlala elikhulu izinyoni zingatholakala ezindaweni evikelekile emoyeni futhi etholakala Awukude kocingo, isihlahla emasimini. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, seeded iklabishi Pest, ngokuvamile luhlala at emaphethelweni emkhakheni.

ukulimala

Amacimbi kulimaze iklabishi leaf umonakalo radishes, turnips, rutabagas kanye nezinye izitshalo. Bangaphinde udle imifino neminye imindeni efana nasturtium, mignonette, Capers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, osenyameni evela nezindlala yemizila umzimba avuse ukucasuka emzimbeni womuntu. I-Akhawunti ngisho amacala ngabanye ubuthi nokubhujiswa izinyoni, zidla lezi amacimbi. Umonakalo enkulu ukuba iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe kuletha ezindaweni entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia.

Izindlela control inkathazo. izinambuzane yisinanakazana

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene yokubhubhisa iklabishi butterfly emhlophe. Ikakhulukazi, omunye ephumelela kunazo izimuncagazi isinambuzane. Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona melkobryuh umgibeli, yimanje emzimbeni abasha amacimbi amaqanda, ngezinye izikhathi kuze nedlanzana kwelinye ngabanye. Kusukela amaqanda izibungu ukuvela. Zidla on izicubu emzimbeni amacimbi, okubangela ukuba ukufa. onegciwane ngendlela evamile ekuqaleni, kodwa ke ziphelelwa ephathekayo, ekuzuzeni tint aphuzi. Lapho ufika ube neminyaka ethile ubudala uqale ibhoboze umzimba izimuncagazi amacimbi zingaphumi. Eduze abantu befa baqala spin imifece zabo lapho pupate bese ziphenduka zibe izimuncagazi omdala. I lucwaningo lutfole kutsi umgibeli kungathinta kufika ku-90% iklabishi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulwe ngempumelelo inkathazo engadini yemifino inqubo ngesandla lokuqoqa amacimbi kudingeka ukushiya imifece amagciwane zokugaya kamuva imvelo yemvelo, noma ukuqoqa futhi uthumele nabo linabantu abaningi kakhulu uma places amacimbi.

ezinye izindlela

Lokuzaliswa nokuthuthukiswa zezimvemvane kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ebisetshenziswa webhaktheriya isiko wax inundu, okuyinto kubangela yokugula ekhulile kanye nokufa alandelayo amacimbi. Okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi pathologies bacteriological has flyasheriya. Amacimbi abathintekile kuwo, ayeke ezikhulayo, babe ulamula ophuzi kanye sifo iyafa ngokushesha. Ngaphakathi elinegciwane izicubu zezinhlobo jikisa amakhowe. Amaqanda Belyanko futhi ingathola omunye izinhlanga Trichogramma (oviphages).

Eyodwa yezindlela elula nolokubhujiswa butterfly butterfly ezimhlophe kubhekwa kuhlolwe njalo we ebusweni engezansi amaqabunga izitshalo cruciferous, ocindezelayo amaqanda. Sebenzisa isandla-ukukha amacimbi nokubhujiswa kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla ekhishwe eziningi zinambuzane. Primenyayutdlya isivuno sabo esizayo sishaye ekuqaleni isizini ukuvimbela ukubukeka izinambuzane, kanye bevela okokuqala ngenxa yokuchitheka izilwane ezisencane. ukuphathwa Plant kuvimbela ukukhula obengeziwe amacimbi kanti amacembe ivikela izitshalo kusuka umonakalo.