Amandla roundworms. izici Jikelele roundworms

Kulesi sihloko thina uyokwethula inkulumo nawe nge roundworms, okuyinto ngokungafani kuya flat abe umgodi umzimba. Lolu hlobo has umgodi phakathi odongeni umzimba kanye emathunjini.

Uhlobo roundworms. amakilasi

Roundworms zihlukile futhi wesimethri zamazwe amabili kukhona ezingenamgogodla. Manje kunabangaphezu kuka-abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu zilwane, akha amakilasi amane:

• hairworms;
• bryuhoresnichnye;
• nematodes;
• rotifers.

Roundworms zivamile yonke indawo yoke imikhawulo yama embulungeni yonke, futhi kaningi kakhulu bona kungabonwa njengoba izinambuzane izilwane, izitshalo kanye nabantu. Manje, imininingwane ukubheka ikilasi ka roundworms ngamunye.

Nematomorpha

Lesi sigaba roundworms ungachazwa ukuthi izibungu kukhona kuphela indlela yisinanakazana zokuphila. Leli gama ezikutholile ngenxa hairlike umzimba. Banezinhliziyo umbala kusuka elimhlophe ensundu. Ubude umzimba - kuze kube ngamasentimitha amane, kanye ukushuba asisikhulu kunenkosi amamilimitha angu ezinhlanu. Qaphela ukuthi ubude umzimba ezinsikazi usayizi omkhudlwana kunalokho kwabesilisa.

Amandla roundworms lesi sigaba libhekene yokuthi abadala abakwazi ukugwinya ukudla. Bona ukuphuza - kweminduze yasemanzini amaseli.

umjikelezo izinwele-ukuthuthukiswa Okugcwele kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Abadala (female) ubeke a amaqanda million kuwo izibungwana inyanga. Umgomo wabo oyinhloko - ukuze uthole umzimba umninikhaya sika, lapho bangakwazi ukungena ngisho ukudla. Uma umnikazi kungahlali, le elinda impethu inkosi akhe bayokudla nezinye izilwane ezidla.

Lapho inkosi "okuvunyiwe" izinwele-worm iqala ukuba uchume. Uma worm ifinyelele isiqongo sokuthuthuka, seliphumile emzimbeni (umzimba proburivaya aphethe), ngenkathi, njengoba umthetho, isihlahla siyafa.

Bryuhoresnichnye

Lena abameleli encane kakhulu yalolu hlobo. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda roundworms bryuhoresnichnyh ubude kuphela isigamu milimitha. Manje kukhona abamele engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili alesi sigaba. Athuthela ngokusebenzisa cilia ngezinye izikhathi zakha imishayo ebalulekile, esisogwini elongate ibhodlela-noma emzimbeni. Ukuze bakwazi okwesikhashana babiza substrate emzimbeni (ekupheleni emuva) kukhona amashubhu. Wonke umzimba ngaphansi kwamanzi, kuhlanganise cilia, a cuticle ukwakha phezu ishq. Primary ingaphakathi izikelemu lesi sigaba njengoba bryuhoresnichnye wavuma kakhulu wazwakalisa.

Roth ivuliwe ukuphela phambi emzimbeni. Amandla roundworms bafundzi kusetshenziswa amagciwane. Pharynx usebenza njengothisha futha, cilia ukudala samanje amanzi lapho uqondiswa singene ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Njengoba for zizalela, kanye namafomu dioecious kukhona hermaphrodites. Fertilization yangaphakathi, ubulili izitho amanga phambi ingquza.

nematodes

Lesi sigaba kokubili khulula kanye yisinanakazana ukuphila. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso roundworms (nematodes) ingaphezu kwesigidi zilwane. Mahhala-ukuphila kokubili ezweni emanzini, nomunye imitha cubic zazo zikhona ngaphezu kwesigidi zezinhlobo. Lezi zinhlobo ukudlala kubaluleke kakhulu, indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Kodwa amalungu amaningi alesi sigaba indlela yisinanakazana wokuphila, abangela izifo zezitshalo nezilwane, kuhlanganise nabantu. Amandla roundworms (nematodes) kukhawulwe ulwelwe nama-bacterium, esimweni ngendlela yisinanakazana zokuphila - umsoco ngezithukuthuku umnikazi.

I isitshalo izimuncagazi umonakalo neziqu, izimpande, izithelo, amaqabunga, futhi indoda - uhlobo isifo koda. I ngokuvamile atholakala abantu:

• izikelemu;
• pinworms;
• Trichinella;
• hookworm;
• sezikelemu, nokunye.

Ukwelashwa liqukethe kulahlwa, uxoshwe idatha izimuncagazi yomzimba aphethe ngezindlela ezihlukene.

Nematodes e abantu

Okokuqala, njengoba nxazonke worm Ungafaka umzimba womuntu. Okokuqala, lingamandla: roundworms kukhona isethi omkhulu, futhi uma ungenalo athobele imithetho inhlanzeko, ngokusebenzisa ukudla noma amanzi angcolile emzimbeni wethu izimuncagazi ufaka khona idatha. Kungenzeka futhi ukutheleleka nge-bite isinambuzane noma ngesikhumba. I esiyingozi kakhulu isinambuzane, okuyinto cishe kuzofuneka ukuthi umklomelo izibungu - umiyane. Futhi ngokusebenzisa izimuncagazi isikhumba uthole, uma kukhona i-contact evulekile phansi negazi (isib, ukusikeka).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une izimuncagazi? Izimpawu eyinhloko - is Ukulunywa kule ingquza, ezulazulayo izinhlungu, sezinyawo kahle futhi esesuthi, kungenzeka ukuhlanza. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala kubalulekile ukuqeda izivakashi xaxa ezingase zithinte okwengeziwe sina impilo yakho.

rotifers

Ake sibheke isigaba lokugcina roundworms. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, lesi sigaba iyindlela yamahhala zokuphila ngamanzi agobhozayo, kodwa ayatholakala ezilwandle nakuzo enhlabathini emanzi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi ehola yokuphila khulula, kukhona izimuncagazi. sici kwesakhiwo kuba phambi rotifers imilenze neminwe. Lokhu kwemisipha emzimbeni Ukwakha-up, esiza ukuhambisa.

Ngokuphathelene ukuthuthukiswa, izimo ezifanele emphakathini kukhona nabesifazane kuphela, lapho, ngokuhlangana parthenogenesis lokuzalwa kuphela neyensikazi zazo siqu. Njengoba nje kunosongo (isibonelo, omiswe noma okokuqandisa imizimba amanzi), ukusiza abesilisa ngawo nabesifazane ongabeka amaqanda ebusika.
Okumangazayo ukuthi abesifazane kukhona amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka ukwenza ngaphandle ukuzala.