Izwe France incazelo. Umlando France kafushane. Isiko French

umlando Omkhulu, isiko, abalulekile ezingaba zesayensi kanye industrial ine ezweni western European, France. Incazelo abezindaba, izincwadi, ubuciko, umlando wayo wokuqhuma elikhanyayo, abakhona ashukumisayo njalo sidonse amehlo omphakathi ngamazwe.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu ezweni - ezivakashelwa kakhulu izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe! Omunye ugwala ifa iyamangalisa ngempela kwamasiko Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic, elinye - iholidi resort. Uma - umthandi travel, kungenzeka uye waqaphela: phakathi izipesheli ikhambo ejensi Ngaso sonke isikhathi unamathela endaweni ekhethekile eFrance. Photo-Eiffel Tower - omunye izithombe ethandwa kakhulu kwi-website ye-tour opharetha. Ingabe ngengozi ke? Ngo-2013, France wavakashelwa izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-85. Phakathi kwabo - izivakashi esigidini Russian.

Umkhakha, ezokuthutha

France saziwa emhlabeni wonke njengezwe ezimbonini kanye nezokulima ashukumisayo. GDP Ezazimzungezile - $ 2.6 trillion. Kusukela ukudalwa isimo European Union iwine, inzuzo kuleliya lizwe kuyinto isikhundla salo ezindawo maphakathi eYurophu nase edabula insimu yalo wemizila ebekwe eziyinhloko zaseYurophu ukuhweba. France ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe ngokuqinile isesikhundleni 6th e amandla ayo ezimbonini.

Ngo umkhakha, yabelana elikhulu isiqoqi sama-softwe, izinsimbi ayoni futhi nonferrous, Petrochemical namakhemikhali umkhakha, umkhakha ukukhanya, kwamakha eFrance. -Ngamakwata amathathu embonini kagesi kuleli zwe ithola kulesi simila, iphelelise ohlelweni emifula. Ngokwesiko uwoyela negesi ukungeniswa ezivela ezweni ngenxa yokuntuleka imali. France nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. abalimi Ezazimzungezile - lezi zisebenzi, zikhiqiza cishe ingxenye yesine kwabaneminyaka ekhishwa wonke-European Union.

Ingabe ezokuthutha inethiwekhi abahlonishwa yezwe, okuyinto wakhonza by an ezintsha ngesivinini wesitimela. Uqeqesha TVG sukela ngesivinini 320 km / h uyaziqhenya yeFrance. Izithombe okuvela kuyo le nkulumo kungabonwa ngezansi.

Ubude imigwaqo yezwe sika 29 370 km endaweni lwase yayo 535,3 thous. Km ^2. Inikeza amathuba amaningi sokuthuthukiswa Logistics

Emazweni waseNtshonalanga, France has inqubomgomo angaphandle ngokwesiko letihloniphekile, ezihilela inkhulumomphendvulwano Russia, nakuba siphawula ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe amabili ukuba kwakunzima njalo.

Ngokomlando, indlela abakhulu kwala mazwe womabili, imakwe ukudalwa ubuhlobo ezempi nezombusazwe, kwasho ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Monuments of ubudlelwano ncibilika zamazwe amabili aqala zintathu Ibhuloho, ezakhiwe Eiffel iphrojekthi Petersburg, futhi ibhuloho eqanjwe ngegama elithi ka-Aleksandru III, noma, Paris.

Inqubomgomo France

France iye bahileleke isinqumo international njengoba ilungu uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha we-UN. The Fifth Republic ingenye abasunguli European Union kanye neBhange Lomhlaba kanye kokusungulwa IMF sika. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2007, France ibuyele NATO (aphume eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Bloc ngesikhathi sakhe seluqaliwe nguMengameli de Gaulle). Ngokuvamile, inqubomgomo France, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, njalo ulandela izimiso zokulingana kwezenhlalo kanye nentando yeningi.

amabutho ahlomile

ukutholakala nezikhali zenuzi ivumela France ukuze siphishekele Inqubomgomo ezimele angaphandle. eziyinkimbinkimbi Military-zezimboni Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic kuyinto oludonsa futhi ukhiqiza uhla egcwele yezikhali yesimanje kazwelonke. Nokho, kuleli zwe akazibandakanyi izingalo uhlanga. ibutho French ngokungangabazeki enamandla, kodwa engavimba isimiso nokwaneliswa bayazi. Yena behlome ngemibese zikhali isivikelo amandla, ababebalelwa ngwenya ezine enuzi, izindiza yikhulu - yenuzi ngwenya.

France: labantu

State ejabulela igunya ngamazwe emhlabeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo has amathemba enkulu ekuthuthukiseni kuka emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini kubo ezweni - France? Incazelo umehluko kungathatha angaphezu kwelilodwa.

Thina ukuhlukanisa into eyodwa: inkinga of cishe kuwo wonke amazwe EU izizwe ukuguga. Nokho, lona wamuva akubahluphi Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic. Ngokusho idatha zamanje atholakala nge countrymeters indawo. ulwazi, isibalo sabantu kuleli zwe we 16:00 07.05.2014 ngonyaka abantu 64.075.783. Ngakho kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka Ngazalwa ezweni 394.563 ingane futhi wafa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene 281 236 abantu.

Futhi, ukwanda kwabantu kuleli zwe wafunda kunomthelela izinto ezifana kufuduka net. sibalo sakhe kulo nyaka ngesikhathi 16:00 ku 07.05.2014 ngonyaka - 46 874 abantu.

Ngakho, ukwanda kusukela ekuqaleni 2014 ngalolo suku zaba 160 208 abantu.

Territory, isimo sezulu

Uphi ekhaya ukuze abantu French? Uyini sendawo kuleli zwe? French ngokwabo Abiza leli khaya lawo inkanyezi. Kungani? Sibheke ibalazwe uzobona lokho lamatshwayo ezweni France. Incazelo yalo, ekuhlanganiseni 22 ezwekazini wedolobha (thina Asikuboni 5 Overseas Iminyango), uthi kumephu France ngempela lesi sijame njengebhoksi inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile. Izwe inkanyezi ... zothando! Kuthatha cishe 20% wendawo European Union.

kwemingcele yayo zasolwandle abe nobude 5500 km. ugu oluhle aseFrance wageza ahambe ngasoLwandle LwaseMedithera eningizimu, kusukela entshonalanga - Atlantic, nasenyakatho - English Channel.

Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ngo two-thirds insimu yalo, France - lizwe uyisicaba. Nokho, isimo sezwe ke - neodnoobrazny. Ngo esiseningizimu-mpumalanga Alps ezinzima kanye Jura ezintabeni. Maphakathi amanga lo Vosges, enyakatho - Ardennes, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - izintaba zasePyrenees. emifuleni zako ziyizindlela isikhathi eside - Loire, the ejulile - Ron nkinga Paris umcengezi Seine egeleza ngokusebenzisa ezweni of d'Artagnan Garonne. Uhlelo we ngemifula emine iyangena-Atlantic Ocean kanye iziteshi kuhlangene, izwe eniselwayo France. Incazelo izici sezulu layo iyathakazelisa. Ngo eningizimu yeFrance, kuba nakwezifudumele, entshonalanga - Atlantic, kusukela eningizimu - eMedithera, maphakathi ingxenye - ezwekazini. Esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engu yezwe imbozwe amahlathi.

umlando namasiko

Esinye sezizathu esenza Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic ngakho izivakashi kuyinto bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo. izivakashi khona babizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso esenziwe ngumuntu. On the kweFrance namanje walondoloza izakhiwo Romanesque: isibonelo, nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ku Nimes, besonto Romanesque, Basilica anikezelwe umfel 'ukholo of Toulouse, le Saturninus ongcwele. Nokho, abadumile nakakhulu amathempeli French Gothic elakhiwa ngo XII-XV eminyaka.

Izivakashi ziya bakhangwa mbumbulu ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa simisiwe kubo izibalo itshe, ukuphakama, wakhomba imibhoshongo, wakhomba yayinamakhothamo, ibala ingilazi ubuciko. Phakathi ethandwa izakhiwo elisohlangothini lombhishobhi Reims, eyaqala wokugcotshwa amakhosi isiFulentshi, Notre Dame de Paris, lapho uMbusi Napoleon I. yagcotshwa

XVI ekhulwini nomthelela ubuqobelo izakhiwo Yenguquko. umlando kwamasiko France ngesikhathi, libhekene ukwakhiwa izinqaba, chateaux, noma njengoba bazibiza French. Phakathi edume kunazo - enqabeni Amboise, ezakhiwe lwamakhosi of Valois, ogama indawo ungcwatshwe ubuhlakani uLeonardo da Vinci, d'Uma castle, eyasebenza njengodonga endaweni lokuzalwa legend kwesiboshwa - Iron imaski, indaba okuyinto thina unolwazi Aleksandr Dyuma, Chambord castle - yokuhlala zikanokusho yamakhosi.

XVII ekhulwini belethwa sesakhiwo esikhulu elicwengiweyo isitayela baraque, njengoba kubonakala kula omangalisayo zesigodlo. Tibonelo taletinhlobo ongakhonza njengoba Versailles - main esigodlweni. France isiko kwekhulu le-19 kwaphawulwa omunye isitayela - classicism, hhayi kuphela bokwakha kodwa futhi ezobuciko. Umklamo kwalesi sikhathi abangu Ekugcineni ngabona amaphrojekthi yezakhiwo ukuhlela izikhungo ezisemadolobheni. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 imidwebo French seyibe umholi in the sibonga emhlabeni kubaculi ezifana Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas. Ngeshwa, ukusuka Umdwebo French kuphazamisekile umsebenzi amaNazi.

Umlando uhulumeni: lwamakhosi Merovingian

Okuthakazelisayo ethile ivela komphakathi wombuso. On insimu yalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona impucuko: zangenkathi yeRoma, kwaba yingxenye yalo Empire amakhulukazi njengokungathi esifundazweni eGaul.

sizwe samaGermanic Franks, eholwa yiNkosi Clovis, umsunguli we Merovingian lwamakhosi, walinqoba ku BC V leminyaka. e., ukubaleka ukubuswa ngamaRoma. Umlando okwalandela waseFrance kungaba kafushane zethulwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka nokushintshwa elibusayo amakhosi asendulo.

amandla Merovingian buthaka, futhi akhonze wangaphambili, imeya esigodlweni, wajabulela ithonya elandayo. Omunye wabo, Pepin le iDemo (ubaba noKarla Velikogo), ekhulwini VII, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi yokuthola amandla franc uthi, owasungula lwamakhosi Carolingian.

lwamakhosi Carolingian

indodana odumile Pepin kuphumelele ekuhlanganiseni enkulu yeYurophu umhlaba (kuhlanganise indawo eFrance) ibe umbuso owodwa.

Nokho, amandla esigwadlulo isimo elikhulu, united engasenathonya emangalisayo noKarla Velikogo, bagcina elahlekile ngemva kokushona kwendodana yakhe u, uLudwik mina abangcwele. Empire phakathi Karolingov inzalo ezintathu.

ENtshonalanga-Frankish umbuso, elise eFrance, waqala ukubusa uthunjana uLudwik mina - uCharles the Bald. Esikhathini X leminyaka France (walaliswa kangaka okuthiwa) kwaba slaboupravlyaemuyu izinduna niphihlizwe zwe. Lokhu futhi alusebenzisa amaViking, eholwa konung Rollo, inqotshwe nasesifundazweni salo enyakatho bememezana Normandy wakhe (Normans phansi). Injongo Norwegian Viking elinamandla kwaba ukunqoba ubukhosi, ukuthi, eqinisweni, benza.

lwamakhosi Capet

Unyaka 987 esikhundleni owokugcina Carolingian, the engenabantwana Louis V, ngomyalo wabaholi we akhonze bobukhosi eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, yahlala Ukubala Gugo Kapet, umsunguli we Capetian lwamakhosi, isinyathelo sesithathu emlandweni wezwe. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela inqubomgomo angaphandle France lancipha zenkolo ingaphakathi - yezimpi inkolo kuleli zwe. Kulesi izikhathi nokhahlo, kusabusa ngensendo, umlando waseFrance kufingqwe njengalokhu esikhundleni wemindeni Isinqumo namagatsha awo lateral. Ngakho esikhundleni Capet e 1328 kwafika lwamakhosi of Valois, ukuze abuse leso kwafika neMpi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu Joan of Arc feat Brittany ukunqotshwa, kokuhlanganiswa yezwe, empini phakathi kwamaProthestani (amaHuguenot) namaKatolika. Ngemva kokubulawa owokugcina Valois, uHenry III, indela Jacques Clement, ukubuthwa iSonto League, France waqala ukubusa ngakolunye uhlangothi legatsha Capetian - Bourbon lwamakhosi.

The French Revolution

Umlando zamakhosi akwa-France okwesikhashana ngoba Louis XVI, umbusi ezingasebenzi shi ekukhulekeleni emikhosini futhi wasuswa kusuka izindaba isimo. Lapho kuye kwaba khona ukwehla ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo yeFrance, izibonelo indlala, udweshu phakathi kwabaphethe nabantu. Ukubuka ezibolile ohlanga ingxenye okuqhubekayo French Society (kuhlanganisa onxiwankulu abefundisi izikhulu) kakhulu eshiwo ngokucacile sefilosofi Lakho. Wabiza bobukhosi amandla ukubopha intuthuko emphakathini kanye usurpation amalungelo inalienable ka kwezakhi ahlukahlukene sabantu. Lokhu ukuphikisana kuye kwanda French Revolution, kwasho ukusungulwa Republic Okokuqala.

Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni emhlabeni esikhundleni ukuguqa kubantu wakhetha inkululeko, ukulingana, welibhola letinyawo. Abantu bakhathele ukuba ephathekayo, bafuna ukuba izakhamuzi. Loku kwenteka nga-France!

Kusukela inguquko ngasebenza njengombonisi eMnyangweni Storming we Bastille 17.07.1789, Louis, inkosi yakwa-France, ebulawa, enkantolo njengesakhamuzi Louis Capet ngokuba usurpation kwamandla kanye namacala okuvukela umbuso. Ukuphela inguquko wakhonza njengephayona Icebo lika-mva 09/11/1799, umqondisi ophethe i-isimo njengoba isitho eyinhloko amandla wamavukelambuso kwaba inert futhi ungasizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa uluhlukanise, ilungu ezinethonya kunazo Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, empeleni kwaholela amandla Napoleon Bonaparte. ibutho French sithandwa futhi sihlonishwa siqine neCorsican okunenjongo ngoba isipho amacebo esingenakuqhathaniswa.

Uchungechunge okwengeziwe izinguquko elungiselelweni isimo French - uchungechunge republic futhi imibuso.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Mina wagabadela amandla ezishaya uMbusi konyaka 18/05/1804. abantu baKhe bangisekela okuthembekile, ebavusela kusuka phansi amasosha umbandela ithalente ezempi kanye elakhiwa semashi - Bessières, Jourdan, Lannes, Lefebvre, Massena, Murat, Ney, Soult, Suchet. Nokho, belingana nabo semashi babe aristocrats: Kunamagonandoda, Davoust, Macdonald Marmont, Serryure. Uchungechunge ngokunqoba enkulu Napoleon ku Prussian, isi-Polish, Austria, umkhankaso waseGibhithe kwaphawula ukuphela Russia. "Impi Dubina zabantu", njengoba ebhala iMpi Patriotic ka 1812, L. N. UTolstoy, nge ibutho elinamandla esinganqobeki ubulala emabutfo isiFulentshi, ukuze banqobe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukuxabana Kutuzov Napoleon yaxazululwa esivuna Mihaila Illarionovicha. Kwakuyisikhathi qhinga okhazimulayo ngxabano owaleli ekhaliphile. Ngemva kokuwa kombuso sikaNapoleon futhi yiMpi yaseWaterloo e 1814, amakhosi ohlanga ibuyiselwe e-France.

yesibili Republic

06/04/1814, amaFulentshi iSigele, okuyinto ucindezelwa amazwe abawinile, wathatha isinqumo ukubuyisela Bourbon lwamakhosi kumuntu Louis XVIII. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1824, amandla wadlulela Charles X. ngemva kokubona we French wagcizelela-royalist enkonzweni Polignac futhi ahlelembe inkululeko yabo, ekhishwa uhulumeni omusha, at basayine iNkosi 07.25.1830, izinqumo ezine kuholele Julayi Revolution futhi ukudluliswa kwamandla kusukela Bourbon lwamakhosi kwalo legatsha Orleans emelelwa Louis-Filippom Orleanskim. Kwaba inguquko yokuqala ovulekile e-Europe, isahluko wezwe ngokuthi "inkosi wobunxiwankulu". Ukubusa Louis Philippe uvele uma kuncibilika iqhwa eside elindelwe ngoba onxiwankulu, ke zaba kwandzisa lwati okusheshayo lesi sendlalelo umphakathi kanye nentuthuko kwezezimboni. Nokho, Uhulumeni wakhe kwaba Kugcwele ukonakala. Inkosi bamzonda babe uchungechunge ukuhlaselwa. Empeleni, uhulumeni sibhebhetheka isimo kuleli zwe, labo ababebanga ukuba omunye revolution 1848 - February.

On isihlangu samagugu entando yeningi navuswa futhi. Izwe isibe kwesokudla kamengameli (umongameli wokuqala we France). Bakhetha indodana yomfowabo ka-Napoleon - Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte.

Nokho, inqubomgomo kamengameli iye ngeveli. Ngamazwi, wathembisa izakhamuzi inkululeko nasenkonzweni yakhe kubo, eqinisweni - ukuze ngokuqiniseka ukuhambisa ekubuyiselweni yasebukhosini. 02.12.1851, ngosuku esenzeka ngalo impi ye Austerlitz, yena isekelwa amabutho yahlakazeka le Assembly Legislative ezishaya uMbusi Napoleon III. Nokho, KAHLE schemer abanamakhono kwaba "Isikhulu sikahulumeni ezingasebenzi", ngokuvumelana Otto Bismarck, bethatheka naye ngesikhathi Sedan ngo-1870, phakathi neMpi Franco-Prussian.

wesithathu Republic

France zaqhamuka ziphuma kule impi ngokumane asayine isitatimende sokuthi isivumelwano sokuthula Prussia futhi ukudluliselwa lokugcina izifundazwe zalo ezimbili empumalanga nesigodi Rhine: ". Esangweni ephakathi kweJalimane neFrance" ehlathini elivikelwe of Alsace kanye Lorraine osendaweni ezibalulekile

Umlando yamuva yeFrance, futhi isikhathi kusuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kuze kube namuhla, ngendlela efanele usaqala yayo ezihlobene nale izinhlobo zohulumeni, njengoba Okwesithathu Republic. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kuze 1940, kakhulu ekuqiniseni French uhlelo republic futhi aba maningi.

The Third Republic wazalelwa kwegazi. Ezisondelene, Socialists futhi izidlamlilo 26/03/1871, nangemva kwako ku Paris, abantu awanelisekile nge kwamakhosi Napoleon III, futhi wamisa uhulumeni kazwelonke, futhi eqinisweni - ngowokuqala emlandweni ngesimo ubushiqela lwesigaba sabasebenzi, Paris isigodi.

Maka France avele ncamashi eneminyaka ngothango Paris isigodi. Lokhu tricolor ngemivimbo mpo: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlophe, zibe bomvu. Phambi kwakhe, iwuphawu izwe uphakamise ifulegi elimhlophe ne kweminduze wasebukhosini. Eduzane kushaft - nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka, kwaba isembatho ezinjalo St Martin, ongumvikeli France. White lifanekisela nobunkulunkulu obomvu kwaba Oriflamma eyinqaba behlonipha St. noDiyonisiyu, ohlonishwa kuleli zwe.

kokubhikisha kwango Popular echotshozwa amandla izikhali monarchists. Prussia salokhu waphuthuma ukukhulula iziboshwa zempi. Ikakhulu ngoba McMahon kukora yakhe ingajezisa 130,000th ibutho.

Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi lo monarchists babengenabo amandla. ISishayamthetho Sikazwelonke - esiphezulu Republican wasebenza ngaphansi kobuholi uhulumeni kaMengameli Adolfa Terri ngempumelelo. France wakwazi ukubuyisela amandla ayo zezimboni ngemva Prussian neMpi. Nokho, monarchists ashaqe isinyathelo, esikhundleni Thierry sokusebenzisana kwesokudla uhulumeni owawuthi likaMengameli we uPatrice MacMahon. Waphinda waqhamuka yokubusa kwamakhosi, yamukela uMtsetfosisekelo. Kodwa amacebo monarchists kungukuthi imiselwe ukuza kweqiniso. Ngo-1875, Umkhandlu Wezigele ngoludala, ngokukhetha uhlobo lukahulumeni ezweni nge ohlangothini nevoti elilodwa, namanje ngakhetha i-republic.

Umengameli wokuqala we-mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla France (kusukela ngo-1913 kuya ku-1920) kwaba Raymon Puankare. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo izikhundla Russia nase France njengabantu obambisene nabo, ngangokunokwenzeka okufanayo enkundleni ngamazwe. Nokho, wobunxiwankulu uhulumeni waseFrance, asymmetrically ekuthuthukiseni umnotho ukuze ukuzinothisa wona, asikwazanga ukulungiselela ngokugcwele izwe unakho, ezanele eJalimane lobuNazi ukulwa abahlaseli. Ngo-1940, ngenxa sokunikela waseFrance eMpini Yezwe II Okwesithathu Republic ngiyaquleka.

lesine Republic

Ngo-1946, i-ababamele Omhlangano France yokutholwa umthethosisekelo Okwesine Republic, lapho kunqunywa ukuqhubeka lizwe. The esiphezulu umzimba zomthetho, yesiBethamthetho seNarha, eyakhiwa indlu ephansi - yesiBethamthetho seNarha, futhi phezulu - uMkhandlu Republic. Kwaba republic kamongameli-ePhalamende amandla eqinile esiphezulu. I kuqala kwaba ukuthuthukiswa of kabusha post-yimpi ngokuhlukumeza okunamandla zwe. Ukuze nokuqaliswa kwalo esiphumelelayo ukusungulwa ke wadala enamandla isimo wemboni, esasihlanganisa zezindiza, yezimoto, igesi kanye izimboni amalahle. Five ehola amabhange French futhi bebé yomphakathi. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kuhlelwe ekhethekile Jikelele likaNobhala, eliholwa Zhan Mone. Ngenxa yalokho, inhloko-dolobha waqala ngokuya ukutshala emnothweni isiFulentshi, ukuthekelisa yayo kusukela izwe yehlile. Ngokokuqala ngqá kuwukuthi Okwesine Republic ekuthuthukiseni eziseqhulwini emphakathini kube nenqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle yeFrance. Ukuze abasebenzi, abasebenzi ngobuningi wakhela kwezindlu zamanani aphansi, sekuyinto nezemfundo kanye nezempilo ngempela kutholakalele ukunakekelwa.

Ukwakheka intando yeningi Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic

Isikhathi Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic, okwaqala ngokubekwa 1958 Umthethosisekelo walesi de Gaulle nokuqhubeka kulesi sikhathi samanje, ngokuthi Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic. Lena - isikhathi ukuvuthwa isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona yezwe lapho France wafika ngumnikazi indlela layo eliyingqayizivele zomlando. IPhalamende kunqunyelwe ku amalungelo abo. Akukhona-ke, bonke abantu French kuqokwa umengameli omusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomu laMengameli uhulumeni, ezibekwe kulo, avunyelwe inhloko yezwe ngesikhathi kunezinkinga ukuthatha uhulumeni amandla angenamkhawulo. Ngo inhlolovo 79% labantu asekelwe soMthethosisekelo, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga 3, de Gaulle akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli wezwe. inqubomgomo yakhe yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Gaullism." Wakhe libhekene wagcizelela-ezimele inqubomgomo angaphandle yeFrance. Ukwandisa indima kwezomnotho komkhakha isimo. Esikhathini umkhakha zobuchwepheshe ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. Kuhlelwe ukuthuthukiswa izifunda. Ukuphumelela letinchubomgomo iye kuqinisekiswa kokweqa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho isilinganiso France aseYurophu.

Mshini sokubusa ngentando yeningi Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic

kwebalingisi Esinembile amnike lona yilowo owayengungqongqoshe uNdunankulu Villepin: uMongameli uqondisa uhulumeni - control, futhi iPhalamende waziphatha umthetho. Isimiso zalo eziyisisekelo kuyinto likaMengameli eqinile, yengamela nezindaba inqubomgomo angaphandle futhi kwezempi-industrial eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngaphansi kwegunya uhulumeni kukhona imigomo yomnotho kanye neyenhlalo yomphakathi. Ukuze ukuhambisana nesikhathi yayo noMthethosisekelo lulandela Council yoMthethosisekelo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo umthamo eside kamongameli kuchazwa khona iningi pro-uhulumeni ephalamende. Yena esayina imithetho kanye ilungelo ukubhekana isizwe sakwa ekumemezeleni inhlolovo.

UHulumeni France ukuqalisa umthetho, okuyinto eza kuqala ekwakhiweni kwemithetho. EPhalamende (sakhiwa ekamelweni eliphezulu - Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye ephansi - yesiBethamthetho seNarha) kokucabangela ngemithetho ehlongozwayo ezihlongozwayo nguhulumeni. UMthethosisekelo unqabela yesiBethamthetho seNarha sokuchibiyela, okuholela ekwandeni isabelomali izindleko.

Nokho, iphalamende unelungelo sibethembe zawo kuhulumeni ngevoti iningi, futhi ukususa kuye.

isiphetho

France xxi leminyaka njengombuso wezwe kwekilasi ngokuqiniseka ukubonisa ukusebenza kwezinqubomgomo umnotfo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo it libhekene ukukhathazeka ukuze kulondolozwe amagugu kazwelonke.

France kuyinsika yelinyenti kanye isikhungo ezweni isiko. izakhamuzi zayo esizayo yezwe ukubona Europe entsha namathemba ahambisana nako - e ekusunguleni nasekuqhubeni izakhiwo trans-European.