Izithelo - Izithelo zalesi sitshalo .... Izithelo - Biology

Izithelo - igobolondo lokuvikela imbewu izitshalo. Kungenzeka ezahlukene umbala, ijamo, ubungako kanye ukunambitheka, kodwa zonke akheke ngendlela efanayo. Izithelo - ukuthi imifino nezithelo, kanye amajikijolo, kanye birch catkins namantongomane. Kunengqondo ukuthi zihluke kakhulu, kodwa zonke zibe kuningi abafana ngakho.

isakhiwo

Izithelo - inhlanganisela izinto enzelwe ukuvikela imbewu imvelo yangaphandle futhi ukuze kwandiswe amathuba ukuhluma. Futhi, ziklanyelwe ukusakaza imbewu ibanga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngumoya, amanzi, izilwane. Izithelo libe izingxenye ezintathu: endocarp, mesocarp futhi ekzokarpiya. Eyokuqala - iyona igobolondo kwangaphakathi, itholakala ngqo eduze imbewu (noma ezimbalwa). Mesocarp - Tunica, ekzokarpy - zangaphandle. Lezi zakhiwo ezintathu ehlangana pericarp noma pericarp. Ezimweni eziningi, isikhumba umelwe ekzokarpy (e izithelo) noma igobolondo (y nut). Endocarp - ngokuvamile ingxenye izithelo, okuyinto sidliwe yizilwane futhi indoda. A mesocarp kungabonwa, isibonelo, njengoba igobolondo elimhlophe phakathi uginindela ikhasi kusukela orange. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile kulezi imithetho. Ukuze apula, isibonelo, endocarp uvezwa uhlobo amapuleti esobala eduze imbewu, futhi inyama - ke mesocarp.

Izithelo zihlukile

Basuke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ambalwa, kuya ngokubukeka kwabo futhi ezinye izici kwesakhiwo. Izithelo - a nati ama-cherry nama acorns - zonke zibe isakhiwo esifanayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi eziningi umehluko.

ngezigaba

izithelo izitshalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili amakhulu: ezomile kanye namanzi. Okwesibili, ngokungafani lokuqala, kukhona uginindela. ukuwa Dry ku polyspermous (korobochkovidnye) kanye seeded (orehovidnye), namanzi - futhi kostyankovidnye yagodovidnye. Ngayinye yalezi amaqembu ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene izithelo. Ziningi. Ngakho-ke, korobochkovidnym zihlanganisa ezifana izithelo izitshalo ezifana emabhontjisi pod silicle, isikhwama, Ipheshana ibhokisi. Orehovidnye ethulwa Weevil, lionfish, achene, nut nut. Ngu kostyankovidnym osebenza drupe namanzi kuphela. Yagodovidnye yezithelo ezinjalo ehlangana njengoba berry, ikhabe, apula. Ake sibheke ngalinye kulawa kabanzi.

korobochkovidnye ezomile

Laba bameleli be-okuqala ale ngxenye - ubhontshisi. Lokhu izithelo itholakala kuyo yonke izitshalo bomkhaya okusanhlamvu. Siqukethe eyodwa carpel has ezivuzayo ezimbili lapho kungenzeka ukuvula. It izithelo unilocular. Izitshalo nge imidumba: ubhontshisi, uphizi, lupins, udali, mimosa, clover, wisteria.

Uhlobo elilandelayo - pods futhi struchochki. Lokhu izithelo nemifino cruciferous umndeni, okungokwendlela iklabishi, lwesinaphi, ulethisi, turnips, horseradish, nabanye. It ihlukile sangaphambilini, okuyinto bilocular has carpels ezimbili. Ibhokisi - futhi korobochkovidny izithelo ezomile. Ivame ibekwe inombolo enkulu kakhulu imbewu encane. izithelo enjalo siqukethe le izitshalo ezilandelayo: poppy, henbane, clove, Datura. isakhiwo sayo kungase kudingeke eyodwa noma ngaphezulu carpels. Ngendlela amabhokisi uvumbulula Ungase futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ngo-poppy, isibonelo, amabhokisi zinemigodi, kusukela henbane - ofeleba ube ukudakwa - leaf, e pinks - clove.

izithelo ezomisiwe orehovidnye

Esokuqala kufanele kwenziwe, yebo, amantongomane.

umehluko Its main - udonga lwangaphandle bok. Lezi izithelo babe izitshalo ezifana ziyadliwa, pterokariya, California, omnyama, amantongomane Manchurian. Okufanayo izithelo amafomu kanye hazel - lena nati, bangabakaNkulunkulu usayizi amancane abe igobolondo esithambile. Futhi kuleli qembu ke kungokwalabo achene. Lokhu izithelo has a husk obunesikhumba, engesiyo imbewu srastrayutsya. isimo saKhe slozhnotsvetkovye izitshalo eziningi, ezivamile futhi eyaziwa kabanzi zazo - sunflower. Kuphinde futhi kube Aster, uDaisy, marigold, umhlonyane, dandelion, teasel nabanye abaningi. Weevil naye ungowasendaweni leli qembu izithelo. Kuyinto ejwayelekile izitshalo utshani umndeni, elihlanganisa izitshalo ezifana rye, ukolweni, unyaluthi bluegrass, bamboo, uphaphe, futhi abanye. Lolu hlobo izithelo ihlukile pericarp obunesikhumba, okuyinto tho ne endocarp.

buka Landelayo - lionfish. Kuyinto isithelo maple ukhuni umlotha. It has a pericarp obunesikhumba membranous inqubo wing khuphela imbewu kungenziwa ukusakaza ngumoya kude eside emthini umzali.

yagodovidnye namanzi

Ngokuyinhloko lezi zihlanganisa ama-aphula. Basuke izimpawu amaseli membranous lapho imbewu zitholakala, futhi uginindela imiswe phakathi neminyaka Fusion amashubhu kanye amaqanda imbali. Ayikho izinzuzo onjalo wezombangazwe hhayi kuphela i apula, futhi zonke izitshalo womndeni ipheya pink, mountain ash, hawthorn, Quince, nabanye. Futhi, leli qembu kuhlanganisa amajikijolo, ezithinta esinamanzi pericarp amnandi. Sinenkosi izitshalo ezifana yilezi: currants, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cranberry, gooseberries, utamatisi, ikiwi, isitshalo seqanda, banana nabanye. Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, cherry kanye raspberry - akusiyo amajikijolo kanye drupes. Ngu lzheyagodam zihlanganisa strawberry kanye strawberry kanye rosehips - iqoqo izithelo - mnogooreshki. Abokuqala ababili izithelo zangempela (nuts) zitholakala ngaphandle isakhiwo asaphilile (amacashazi amhlophe), kanti isixuku esikhulu - ngaphakathi. Setha of nati futhi catkins birch. Futhi lisho ikhabe esikoleni yagodovidnym. It has inyama namanzi, kodwa ekzokarpiem bok. Ngakho izithelo has a ithanga, ikhabe (okungukuthi berry - kakhulu udideke), ikhabe, ikhukhamba.

Kostyankovidnye

Libuye elincane izithelo namanzi. ummeleli wayo kuphela - drupe. Lubonakala kuleyo imbewu izithelo zalolu hlobo ngaphakathi ithambo, ngaphansi husk kokuba udonga lwangaphandle kanzima futhi senzelwe isivikelo. Drupe ingaqukatha eyodwa noma ezimbalwa amathambo. Izibonelo lolu hlobo iplamu, cherry, kakhukhunathi, zamapetshisi, ibhilikotsi, cranberry. Kukhona futhi izithelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakhiwa drupes eziningana. It raspberry amajikijolo.

Lokho ivikela khoba ize iyofinyelela embewini?

Ngaphansi kwalezi izimvilophu ezintathu kuyinto eyodwa noma ngaphezulu imbewu. Ake sibheke isakhiwo sabo. Zonke izitshalo zom zihlukaniswe monocots futhi dicots - incike bangaki cotyledons babe imbewu yabo.

Imbewu izitshalo monocotyledonous kuqukathe cotyledon olulodwa, plumule, isiqu, izimpande, kusukela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, ezakhiwe entsha isitshalo, endosperm nenzalo elingenamikhono, ngokuvamile tho nge pericarp. Izithelo imbewu zalolu hlobo, isibonelo, pods futhi struchechki. liphinde ngezinye izikhathi ibhokisi (ngesikhathi Tulip, umnduze), okungenani - berry.

Imbewu ye izitshalo dicotyledonous zihlukaniswa kokuba cotyledons ezimbili. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-lihlukile abathandekayo sangaphambilini ukuthi imbewu yabo elingenamikhono acishe never tho ne pericarp. Lezi imbewu zingafakwa izithelo uhlobo olufanayo njengoba drupe, apula, emabhamuta, achene nabanye.

Izindlela ze-Lokusakaza izithelo nembewu

Bangakwazi basakaza nge yimuphi "umlamuli" noma ngaphandle kwalo. Ngakho, ezinye izitshalo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana imbewu yabo kusukela izithelo kwembula (ngokuvamile ubhontshisi). Futhi, izithelo ungavele awe phansi ngaphansi kwethonya ibutho ezikhangayo yesisindo sayo. Kodwa kaningi iyathwalwa umoya, izilwane noma abantu, kanye namanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithelo ngokuvamile unamadivayisi ezengeziwe, ezifana dandelion Pappus (fluff, ezikhulayo aphume pericarp, ngosizo okuyinto ukusabalala ngumoya).