Tamil limi. umndeni Dravidian izilimi

Tamil iqembu ulimi Dravidian. It is esakazwa eningizimu yeNdiya, ke ingenye olusemthethweni kuleli zwe. endulo Eyingqayizivele lolu limi kanye nobuhlobo bayo ngqo isiko ocebile India, ukusatshalaliswa endaweni yayo ebanzi wakhuthaza ukufunda Tamil inani elandayo labantu.

Ukukhuluma Tamil

Iningi amaNdiya abakhuluma isiTamil, abahlala Tamil Nadu - mayelana 92% sabantu abaphila ngaphansi kwazo kule ngxenye yezwe ukholelwa Tamil bomdabu. Izinamba abacwaningi bathi, ngaphandle India, bekuzwa eSri Lanka, eMalaysia, eSingapore esikhulunywa Mauritania naseNyakatho Afrika. Baningi abakhileyo eningizimu uthi Indian baye bathuthela futhi manje bahlala ngamaqembu compact e-UK, eCanada nase-United States. Isibalo abakhuluma Tamil abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-ayisithupha.

endulo hoary

Igama elithi "Tamil" ngolimi Russian esefikile kithi evela umbhalo wesiNgisi. Ngolimi lwendawo umsindo lokugcina izwi idluliswe ngosizo 'l' noma 'zh'. Igama yasekuqaleni kulotshiwe kanje:

Dravidian umndeni ulimi has a lot of zezigodi ezihlobene. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - Telugu, kennarsky, Oraon, Malta nabanye. Kuleli qembu, kukhona Tamil. It has, izincwadi zalo siqu ngempela lasendulo. I okufakiwe endala zitholakale entendeni omile eshiya, iminyaka yabo kuhlehlela emuva 200 BC. e. Okunye imibhalo Tamil Kwatholakala 2005. Ziyakwazi phakathi amarekhodi eminingi yasendulo eyabhalwa lesintu futhi basonta 10 leminyaka BC. Lamarekhodi wabonisa ukuthi ngolimi Tamil lisuselwa-Sanskrit - kuyinto isandiso ezimele ngokuphelele lapho uMnyango ube usufaka amaningi avela-Sanskrit, sinhalskogo nezinye izilimi zendawo. imizamo eminingi susa ayisungula wokuboleka bese ubuyela Tamil ubumsulwa acwebile. Le mpi ngokolimi purists waqala Maraymalay Adigal futhi Parithimaarom Kalaygnar, eyagcina yaziwa ngaphansi kwegama 'thanith thamizh iyakkam'. Njengoba yahunyushelwa olimini isiRashiya, lokhu kusho ukuhamba Tamil okumsulwa. Ngakho-ke, manje kule inkulumo emphakathini futhi esemthethweni lathathwa amazwi isi-Sanskrit Cishe ungalokothi atholakala emibhalweni.

"Thirukkural"

Omunye yobuciko etemibhalo edume kunazo abhalwe ngezilimi yeNdiya, ngokuthi "Thirukkural". Umbhali sokudalwa, Thiruvalluval Cishe, sikhathi sinye Kristu. Kuhle baziwa ingxenye yokuqala inkondlo - "On Ubuhle". Lo msebenzi kuwumgogodla we-Tamil nezincwadi zokufunda Classical. It ivame ukucashunwa ongqondongqondo 19-20 leminyaka, uLeo Tolstoy kubhekwe "Thirukkural" futhi enye yezincwadi esikhulu sesintu. Lo msebenzi lasendulo walidumisa kaNobel A. Schweitzer, owayemazi ngokuseduze Tamil, isithunywa sevangeli kanye umhumushi John. UPapa, yathandwa "Thirukkural", noyise olukhulu India, Mahatma Gandhi.

zezigodi

abacwaningi baseBrithani, eyakhipha umbiko wabo iwuhlelo ezithile I Ethnologue, ngokuthi engaphezu kwamashumi amabili namuhla zezigodi akhona Tamil. Ayisebenzi, bona zahlukaniswa ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziyisithupha eziyinhloko: i-enyakatho, empumalanga, eningizimu, entshonalanga, emaphakathi futhi isandiso Sri Lanka. Esiqhingini ulimi Tamil iyagcinwa injalo ngoludala, kuyilapho imixhantela yezwekazi eziye zabhekana uvivinyo olukhulu, withstanding ukumelana emagama angaphandle kanye namafomu lucebe nezinye izilimi.

Mayelana Tamil - ezithakazelisayo

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi ulimi Tamil. Alfabhethi yayo izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ubukeka ejwayelekile - e Tamil izincwadi yesimanje ine ongwaqa 18 nezinhlamvu 12 main. Kodwa ingxenye yesithathu - kwekulu, siqukethe ethize incwadi inhlanganisela uyirmeyyelutty. Selibalelwa 216! Lezi "amaqoqo" futhi yakha isisekelo ulimi Tamil.

Esifundweni sezibalo Tamila Ungase futhi kukumangaze. Phela, Tamil - okuthiwa Tamil. Izinombolo kule ulimi lwasendulo unayo eyodwa sici: abazi abophele amashumi nezamakhulu, inombolo ngayinye ine isikhova "igama". Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela wonke izinombolo yemvelo, kodwa ngisho amafraktjhini nzima kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi okukhulunywe ingxenyenamba immi 1/320 futhi 1/7 libizwa Anu. amagama efanelekayo ngisho nalabo izingxenyana ezincane hhayi cishe ngalo empilweni yangempela.

Classical Tamil

I Berkeley - omunye iyunivesithi edume kunazo American (California), minyaka yonke aphethwe inkomfa anikezelwe Tamila zasendulo nezanamuhla. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga Berkli Tamilu kubhekwa ulimi classical, yena - i yasendulo, iye yaba siqu nesiko lako ngekutimela Tamil ebhaliwe imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko. Lolu limi endala njengeBhayibheli ingasiza uhlamvu lwemali (ngesiGreki classical), futhi emdala Arabhu. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, Tamila wazama ukugwema ukuboleka lwamazwi lokusabalalisa ulimi lwabaningi babantu base emagama angaphandle. Ikakhulukazi wamelana ithonya-Sanskrit ulimi. Yingakho-ke uzigcinile oyiyo lucebe ngoba izinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka. Ngo-2004, Tamila wayebhekwa njengoba ulimi lokuqala India bendabuko.

Le mpi ngolimi lwendabuko

Tamils kakhulu sensitive ngolimi lwabo ukuphi. Esifundazwe sakubo bakholelwa ukuthi ukube ulimi kazwelonke of India - Hindi - izokwabiwa emazweni awo, Tamila abathwali ngokushesha uyolikhohlwa ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ngo isibonelo ulimi abameli kuholele Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, lapho ulimi lwasendaweni cishe kuzo ukusetshenziswa, futhi ikakhulu abantu akhuluma Hindi noma ngesiNgisi.

LESISIQEPHU SISPHANSI KO CWANINGO Annaduray, owayenguNgqongqoshe uMphathi Tamil Nadu, wathi isinqumo sokwamukela Hindi ulimi kazwelonke eyayingalungile. "Kungani lesi silwane kazwelonke yeNdiya ubhekwa tiger, hhayi rat? Phela, iningi amagundane?" - wabuza. Annaduray lesi sitatimende wagcizelela ukuthi zikhona izinkinga ayikwazi ingaxazululwa ngokuthi yiningi. Ukuze ulalele owayenguNgqongqoshe futhi Iphalamende weNdiya, futhi ngaphandle kwalo izwe elikhulu. Ukulwela ukukhipha ubumsulwa lwesigodi lasendulo uyaqhubeka. Ngingathanda ukulondoloza ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela yakudala Tamila abathwali lolu limi emangalisayo.