I. I. Levitan. Isithombe bemvelo Russian

I. I. Levitan, ogama imidwebo baziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni, wadala phakathi nokuphila kwakhe iDemo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane imidwebo, imidwebo kanye imidwebo. Zonke isipho sakhe wanika abantu, kusale yena lutho ifaniswe injabulo umdali.

Umuntu esakhula, umculi esizayo

umculi Ikusasa bemvelo Russian wazalwa Agasti 30, 1860 edolobhaneni elincane eduze sesitimela Kybartai, itholakala kulokho manje Lithuania. UYise umculi esizayo kwaba indoda ekhaliphile , futhi wazama ukusiza izingane zabo, u-Isaka no-Abela umfowabo, ukuba bathole ulwazi. Ukwakheka kokuqala abafowethu base ekhaya ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Life kude zamasiko yezwe akazange athembisa iyiphi amathemba, futhi Levitanov umkhaya wathuthela eMoscow. Isaka Ilyich kusukela zisencane ukuthi wabonisa ithalenta umdvwebo, futhi, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene ububha, wakwazi ukungena eMoscow School of Painting.

iminyaka cwaningo ngokungavamile osindayo umfundi osakhula. Omunye ngemva komunye, abazali wafa, u-Isaka ngokwakhe kwadingeka banakekele ucezu lwesinkwa. Kodwa kwaba khona ngijabule kakhudlwana. Talent, siphindwe ukuphikelela eyamsiza ukuba ngokushesha baba omunye wabafundi okuhamba phambili esikoleni. Umsebenzi wakhe eyenzeka kuqala at imincintiswano kunomvuzo. Ukudalelwa wamnika uthisha omkhulu, V. G. Perova, A. K. Savrasova futhi V I. Surikova. Laba bantu baye basiza ukuvula ithalente egcwele umdwebi abasha. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, bamyisa kwesiyingi umphakathi abadumile Peredvizhnik.

Eyokuqala impumelelo yangempela

Ngo-March 1877 eMoscow wabingelela yesihlanu mobile art embukisweni. Leitan yokuqala yabonisa imisebenzi yakhe kuwo wonke amagumbi ne amakhosi neyaziwayo shayela. Impumelelo kwaba ezingalindelekile futhi enomsindo. Ikakhulukazi imakwe ngokudweba "Autumn". Levitan wagcwala injabulo. Ngaleyo minyaka, kokuhlaziywa eliphezulu kakhulu umsebenzi umculi ngamunye kwaba ukuthenga imidwebo yakhe ngoba yakhe edumile Tretyakov Igalari. Maduze isithombe Levitan uvele amahholo zayo.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwakukhona esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile kule Levitan ukuphila. A UMuphi owaziwa futhi umsunguli we inkampani opera yangasese, Savva Morozov, ukuthola iqembu abaculi ukuklama imikhiqizo yabo. Ngamenywa kanye I. I. Levitan. imidwebo babaziwa kahle Morozov. Ukusebenza yaseshashalazini akuzange nje asiza nokuthuthukisa amathalente akhe, kodwa ukuze uqinise into. Uyaqhubeka uhambo oluya iVolga.

A uhambo oluya iVolga futhi phesheya

Kufike emfuleni omkhulu Russian wayaziwa kuye, ikakhulu amavesi Nekrasov futhi Repin. Kusukela uhambo Levitan alethwe uchungechunge imidwebo. Njengoba baziwa abanjalo ngokuthi "Kusihlwa phezu iVolga", "Golden benzisa", nabanye abaningi. Nalapha futhi, imidwebo lakhe Tretyakov Igalari. Lena akuyona nje impumelelo, kuba ukunqoba.

I. I. Levitan, laba izithombe zabo ezidume ngakho eRussia, uya phesheya. In Paris, Berlin neRoma, wayevakashela iminyuziyamu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ukutadisha ezindala. Yiqiniso, kuyazuzisa, kodwa isikhathi eside ukuze uhlale kude Russia akakwazi. Ezincwadini zakhe kubangani umculi ulandisa indlela donsa yena ekhaya ukuze namathafa akhe bomdabu Russian.

Ukudalwa Umdwebo "Kusihlwa Izinsimbi"

Phambili kwaba omunye imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke. Isithombe Levitan "Izinsimbi Kusihlwa" angashiya akekho ngabandayo. Kuyinto ngakho ajwayelekile kubo bonke kuwebhu ugcwele lyricism kokuvamile ukufudumala. Umqondo lo mdwebo babevela Levitan Slabodka eduze Zvenigorod. Kwadingeka ithuba lokubheka Savvino Storozhevsky sezindela ekushoneni kwelanga.

Umdwebi umxhwele ubuhle ayekubona. Kodwa ukusebenza umdwebo waqala e Yuryevets, esemgwaqweni ku lweLake Krivozersky sezindela. Ngakho, isithombe Levitan "Izinsimbi Kusihlwa" laphefumulelwa ezimbili lasendulo Russian zezindela. Abaningi umsebenzi umdwebi sika, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uzizwa izinkondlo amathempeli ubudala bamfundisa Savrasov.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila umdwebi sika

Ngo-1897 yena waba wethulwa emphakathini enye indwangu ukuthi sekuyinkinga wobuciko landscape Russian imidwebo. Lokhu isithombe Levitan "Spring. Big Water". Ngokulinganiswa nesizotha usayizi, ke ubukhulu okuqukethwe. Spring imvuselelo wokuphila, Awakening of amabutho amasha kanye amathemba kukhona Motifs zako ezisemqoka. I. I. Levitan, ogama imidwebo Ufake Isikhwama yegolide esikweni lesizwe, waphila ukuphila iDemo. Washona ngo-August 4, 1900, sengathi efingqa ukuthuthukiswa ubuciko kwekhulu le-19.