Ukuma Omkhulu phezu Ugra - njengoba kwakunjalo

Lapho umuntu emi Ugra kwaholela yokukhululwa Russia ejokeni-Mongolian. Leli zwe hhayi kuphela ebugqilini inkokhiso esindayo, kodwa futhi enkundleni European has umdlali omusha - Muscovy. Russia baba khulula izenzo zabo.

Engxenyeni ngekhulu xv yesibili, isikhundla Golden zidlamlilo lase kakhulu buthaka internecine ukuxabana. Izimali isimo, okuyinto agcwaliswa kuphela intela kwabase-eMoscow ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa emazweni aseduze, kwaba cishe ezingenalutho. Ngobuthakathaka zidlamlilo libonisa vyat kugasela ushkuynikov enhloko-dolobha - Chitha, okuyinto laphangwa ngokuphelele futhi zishiswe. Ukuphendula kokuseshwa kwakwakhiwa Khan Ahmad waqala ukulungiselela uhambo ukuze ajezise Russian. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugcwalisa i yengcebo awunalutho. Umphumela walo mkhankaso kwaba ukuma Omkhulu eMfuleni Ugra ngonyaka 1480.

Ngo 1471, wahola ibutho elikhulu Ahmad ehlasela Rus. Kodwa bonke Oka ukuwela imifula wavinjwa amabutho eMoscow. Khona-ke amaMongol ovinjezelwe umngcele edolobheni Aleksin. ukushaya umuzi wabizwa kwawona abavikeli yakhe. Khona-ke amaTartar ovinjezelwe odongeni sokhuni amahlumela utshani, bese baphembe umlilo kuwo. amabutho Russian wamisa ngakolunye uhlangothi lomfula, akazange basisize komuzi evutha. Ngemva kokuba umlilo ngokushesha wangena asemaqeleni-Mongolian. Ukuphendula umkhankaso Akhmat eMoscow wenqabile ngincome zidlamlilo.

Ivan Iii wahola inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo. umfelandawonye Military kwaphethwa ngokuthi nge YaseCrimea Khan Giray Mengli, okuyinto zidlamlilo wahola umzabalazo okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako. Internecine impi ngaphakathi Golden zidlamlilo baye bavumela Russia sokulungiselela impi ewumnqamula-juqu.

Moment umkhankaso eRussia Akhmat wacosha kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Ivan III walwa abafowabo Boris futhi Andrei Volotskii enkulu, ngubani babemelene ekukhuphuleni amandla isikhulu eMoscow. Ingxenye zamabutho iye buyisela ku Pskov esifundeni, lapho kwakukhona khona umzabalazo ne-oda Livonian. Futhi, zolotaya Orda angena umfelandawonye lempi nenkosi Polish Casimir IV.

Ekwindla ka-1480 Han Ahmat eze bayibutho elikhulu emhlabathini Russian. Ukuphendula ayehlasela AmaTatar, Ivan III waqala ukugxila kulokho engikufundayo Amasosha loMfula Oka. Ekupheleni kuka-September, abafowethu bobukhosi imise nilwe eMoscow futhi wathola intethelelo, amabutho angena kulowo eMoscow Prince. Mongol ibutho wathutha ngokusebenzisa Lithuanian ezikhonza ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho sasihlose lizosizana Casimir IV. Kodwa uhlaselwe YaseCrimea AmaTatar, futhi ukusiza, kodwa angikwazanga. AmaTatar waqala ukulungiselela for ukuwela. Lena kwakuyindawo ekahle ngoba elula 5-ikhilomitha ngesikhathi confluence le Ugra emfuleni futhi Rosvyanka. Le mpi for owela waqala ngo-October 8 no wathatha izinsuku ezine. Ngalesi sikhathi, okokuqala amasosha Russian wezikhali yayisetshenziswa. ukuhlaselwa Mongol abangu kwawona, baphoqeleka ukuba ashona amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka emfuleni, futhi ekuqaleni Omkhulu emi Ugra.

Izingxoxo ungazange kwaholela neminye imiphumela. Ngiphakathi uhlangothi wayefuna ukuba bavume. Ivan Iii wazama sekumiswe isikhathi. Lapho umuntu emi emfuleni Ugra baqhubeka, akekho owaba nesibindi empini asebenzayo. AmaMongol, umkhankaso nomdlandla, washiya dolobha yakhe ngaphandle ikhava, futhi siye ohlangothini ke eyayihamba ihlukane enkulu Russian. Njengoba lwaqalwa ngo-ngasekupheleni kukaMfumfu yesithwathwa ophoqelelwe AmaTatar ukuba kutivela site enkulu ukudla. Yesithwathwa futhi kwaholela ekumisweni ice emfuleni. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Ivan Iii zinquma ukuhoxisa kancane okwengeziwe ukuze Borovsk, lapho laliyindawo ekahle ukuze alwe.

Lapho umuntu emi Ugra ukuze ongaqaphelisisi kubonakala ababusi manqikanqika. Kodwa umane Russian Tsar sasingekho isidingo uthumele amabutho abo ngaphesheya komfula, owababulala, wachitha igazi zezikhonzi zabo. Izenzo njengoba Akhmad Khan yabonisa ngokuntula kwakhe ukuthembela amakhono abo siqu. Futhi backwardness sobala ngokucacile yamaMongol izingalo. amabutho Russian wayevele nezibhamu, kanye nokuvikela yokuwela esetshenziswa wezikhali.

ukuma Omkhulu phezu Ugra kwaholela esemthethweni ukukhululwa eRussia kusukela Mongol ukubusa. ngokushesha Akhmad Khan Kushone etendeni lakhe njengoba izithunywa laseSiberia Khan Ibaka.