Njengoba isikhathi kufike uNyaka Omusha lugujwe eRussia? History of the New Year iholide

Ezikhathini zasendulo, impilo lanoma isiphi isizwe indesheni kwakusekelwe ezizathwini kuncike imijikelezo. Okwakubaluleke izinsuku kancane ethize, njengoba ushintsho zonyaka kanye nemicimbi ngonyaka esiqhubekayo, okuyinto kwaphawula ukuphela kwenkathi ethile futhi ekuqaleni olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma mayelana nini futhi kanjani ukugubha uNyaka Omusha Russia, awusebenzi angaqondakali ukubalula izinsuku eziqondile. Abacwaningi hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile kwathiwa kanjani banquma ukugubha lo mcimbi bezikhathi zangaphambi kobuKristu (ezinye ngako zitholakala kuphela abalobi angaphandle imithombo), kodwa, njengoba wokugcotshwa kubaphathi besonto emikhubeni yobuqaba ungazange wanyamalala, okunye ukuziphatha okubhalwe aye alotshwa kulo amarekhodi kanye neminye imibhalo .

Njengoba isikhathi kufike uNyaka Omusha lugujwe e Rus ebuKristwini

Kukholakala ukuthi lwamaSlav kugujwa ukufika Unyaka omusha ngoMashi 22, okungukuthi, ngosuku ngesikhathi sokulingana kwemini nobusuku Vernal. Lo mkhosi sanikezelwa ekupheleni ebusika kanye Awakening of uhlobo. Ngalolu suku, pancake nezitini (zazifanekisela ilanga) bese ishiswa i khona isithombe sakhe obala Carnival, ihlelwe Folk imikhosi nemidlalo ehlukahlukene isiko, baya emakhaya nomunye.

Kamuva ngamaholide ezifana Carnival and New Year, ahlukana. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukwamukelwa kobuKristu.

Kolyada: Amasiko

Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izizwe yeYurophu (kuhlanganise Eastern lwamaSlav) kwakunomuntu umkhosi, eyaqala namuhla, futhi isikhathi kufike uNyaka Omusha amaholide. Yaqala ngo ngesonto eledlule Disemba (at ngenjikalanga) futhi wathatha izinsuku ezingu-12. EScandinavia lalibizwa Yule, kanti eRussia - Kolyada. Le iholidi akufanele kumakwe ushintsho zonyaka, futhi ukuzalwa kwelanga entsha (ngoba nje kusuka leli phuzu emini seziqala ukuba zinde). Kolyada sasifanekisela Star kaNkulunkulu, igqoke nge mummers.

Ukuze kuhlonishwe Christmas Carols yesiyingi, bethi (ukuze afanekise ukuhamba kwelanga esibhakabhakeni), omlilo ovuthayo (kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kulezi zinsuku okhokho beza kuye ukuze uthole efudumele). Unyaka omusha amasiko eRussia zindawo zihlobene kakhulu emasikweni kaKhisimusi Carols. Ngemva kwalokho kwanezelwa futhi amasiko kaKhisimusi, zonke zazo ngempela ngokuthula Bahlala.

ukudla Siko

Umqondo ilanga entsha kwakuhambisana nezinga impilo entsha kanye nenzalo. Esikhathini empumalanga unkulunkulu Slavic wenzalo (futhi ngalesosizathu imfuyo) kwaba Velez. Kuyinto behlonipha yakhe Kolyada kwanqunywa ukulungiselela isinkwa (ekuqaleni - Korowai, isinkwa isiko, okuyinto ubuyisela ithole womhlatshelo) kanye Roe - amakhukhi ukuma izimbuzi, izimvu kanye nezinkukhu.

Unyaka omusha eRussia lasendulo lugujwe ngezinga elikhulu: isidlo esikhulu etafuleni kwaba ingulube. On kwangaphakathi yayo wazibuza ukuthi kungaba ebusika futhi yini okufanele uyilindele kulokho onyakeni omusha. Hhayi ngaphandle Kuti - ithimba okusanhlamvu, ingxenye eyinhloko okwakukhona uhlamvu lukakolweni - futhi Uzvara (izithelo iyisitshulu) - compote of izithelo ezomisiwe. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke nomkhaya angakwazi ukukhokhela yengulube, kodwa kwakubhekwa kutya ngemfanelo esisemqoka isidlo (lwamaSlav ngokuyinhloko nabalimi). Ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi Carols ubhiya futhi ukwenziwa, ophaya kubhakwe kuhlanganiswe nanoma ofakwe abahlukahlukene. Okuchichimayo ukudla ezivamile ayebhekwa isihluthulelo wenzalo nokuchuma ngonyaka Ukuza.

Imicikilisho

Umlando New Year ukugubha njalo ubulokhu uhlangene eduze ezihambisana ngezimangaliso - kokubili kwenjabulo scary. Ngemva umbhaphathizo Rus Kolyada washintsha Christmastide. Lo mbono Christmas Vasiliev Day (1 Januwari), kodwa isiko azishintshile.

Eyokuqala izinsuku eziyisithupha wedili abangu njengengcwele amakhaza, kwathi ngakusasa eziyisithupha - esabekayo. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi emva Vasiliev usuku kusuka phansi walumhlaba uyeza futhi enqabela imimoya emibi zululeka hlaba. Kuyadingeka noma ukuba placate noma ukuze axoshe. Placate imimoya emibi iphalishi amabhodwe embukisweni ngaphansi kwesicabha, belilahla - omlilo futhi mkhosi ezinomsindo ngomculo zemikhosi - carols. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala egqoka amagxolo buso namabhantshi nge noboya futhi waya endlini ngendlu, abafisa injabulo nengcebo kubanikazi bechitha okusanhlamvu. I Sebawoti babe Clowns ukubungaza amakhekhe noma amabhisikidi - Roe.

ukubhula

"Winter" uNcibijane eRussia lasendulo kwaba iholide nokuzalwa kabusha kwelanga, ngakho ukumhlangabeza kwadingeka ukuba emhlabeni omusha futhi ihlanzekile. Abantu baba ngaphezulu unworn ingubo, zishanela endlini, eyenziwa yokuhlanza imicikilisho yokusebenzelana baqala ukukhuluma izilwane. Ingxenye okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni leli holidi lenziwa ukubhula. Baye basinda kulokho nanamuhla, nakuba isonto wonke amabutho elwa nabo. Abesifazane ngizibuza ku wax, izibuko, imicu, isilwane izibilini, amaphupho, izithunzi, amakhadi, izindandatho ama. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, kukhona onesithakazelo izinto ezifanayo: ingcebo, injabulo, sokuvuna, ngekusasa lemishado ngonyaka ozayo. Njengomthetho, ukubhula wahlela okugeza, okuyinto kusukela ezinsukwini ubuqaba lalibhekwa njengendawo engcwele.

Njengoba isikhathi kufike uNyaka Omusha lugujwe eRussia esikhathini wobuKristu bokuqala

Ngakho, ngesikhathi lapho kwemukelwa lolu kholo olusha e 988 Eastern lwamaSlav kugujwa imikhosi ezimbili ezinkulu - Mardi Gras futhi Kolyada, ngamunye okungase ukubizwa uNcibijane. Kodwa esimweni sokuqala, isikhathi kufike uNyaka Omusha kwakuhambisana nezinga ekupheleni ebusika futhi ekuqaleni umsebenzi wezolimo, kanti eyesibili - ne ukubuya kwelanga kuze umhlaba, futhi uzowanqoba amabutho ububi. Yini holidi lenziwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, kunzima nezwi.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-10 emlandweni New Year ukugubha njalo uhlangabezana yisonto. Nge kokufika kobuKristu, liye kugujwa ngo-March 1, ngoba kwakuyinto evamile eMbusweni waseRoma. Kusukela amagama olufanayo njalo ngenyanga abangu waboleka nokubala kwalo izikhathi (kusukela ekudalweni kwemhlaba). izinsuku Offset wawungenawo ngakho, kanye emisha livele ngaphandle ukumelana. Shrovetide isiko, njengokuya izivakashi kwi pancake, ezihlekisayo izimpi futhi imincintiswano ehlukahlukene, evutha khona isithombe sakhe obala nobusika, waphikelela.

Ecclesiastical New Year: 1 Septhemba

Njengoba iminyaka idlula, isihlakazeka Kievan Rus. UNyaka Omusha namanje kugujwa ngomhlaka 1 kuMashi. Kodwa konke kwashintsha eMkhandlwini WaseNicaea: 14 leminyaka ukugubha uNyaka Omusha WamaShayina (onyakeni omusha) lihlehliselwe 1 Septhemba. Ngekhulu le-15, u-Ivan III ngaphambilini ukucabangela lesi ekuqaleni kosuku futhi ngonyaka we-civil kanye isonto. Ukushintsha usuku kwaba ngenxa ekuqiniseni isikhundla isimo Russian futhi andise isithunzi lendawo Orthodox. Ngokwe-legend, uNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ngo-September. Emazweni elinesimo sezulu onomoya omnene kulenyanga yaphela ngomsebenzi wasepulazini, futhi inkathi 'ukuphumula zezwe uyakukhathalela, "kodwa eRussia daba esimweni wayehluke kangakanani. Nokho, nayiziphathimandla zesonto kuyinto ekhathazayo kancane. 1 Septhemba ngosuku Simeona Stolpnika, izintela eziqoqiwe kanye imisebenzi elindeleke zakhokhelwa. Kungaba ukuhambisa izicelo inkosi. Amasonto beqhuba izinkonzo zomphakathi enhlokodolobha yase inkosi wakhuluma nabantu. Kusihlwa umndeni babuthene ukudla, wadla Mead futhi ubhiya. Autumn New Year kugujwa zangaphambi Petrine Russia njengoba ngokuzithandela njengoba isikhathi Christmas, futhi Shrove ngoLwesibili.

kwekuhlela kabusha Petrine

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ibandla UNyaka Omusha namanje kugujwa ngo-September 1, nakuba kungebona bonke abakholwa ukwazi lokhu. Kodwa usuku komzabalazo washintsha futhi sibonga uPetru, owavuma e kwekuhlela kabusha yakhe bagxile hhayi kuphela e-Western Europe kodwa futhi Balkan lwamaSlav. Bonke ayegubha unyaka omusha omuhle ebusika.

Peter bafaka inkathi "okuqhubekayo" - kusukela esikhathini sokuzalwa kukaKristu, hhayi kusukela ekudalweni kwemhlaba. Ukuqala January 1, 1700 emizini kakade mention European - ne ukufakwa samaholide zikaphayini isihlahla, umhlobiso kwezindlu, okhilikhethi futhi labadubuli kwezibhamu, izipho yamathanga. Lo muzi waba iholide wokuziphilisa.

Mayelana efanayo njengoba New Year lugujwe eRussia, uthi ke manje. Yiqiniso, abaningi baye ukhohliwe amasiko futhi incazelo yezenzo ezithile, kodwa lonke isiko wazibonakalisa olukhuni kakhulu, futhi akumangalisi, ngoba ebusika amnyama futhi eside, abantu banesidingo kwandisa mnandi futhi ukugujwa ezinomsindo.