Umklamo waseGibhithe lasendulo ngesikhathi kubusa amakhosi ahlukahlukene oFaro

Esikhathini kusuka 3200 kuya 2400 BC. e. Thina athuthukile zonke izindawo isiko, egcwele abadumile Ancient Egypt. Architecture art usesikhundleni ehamba phambili isikhundla. Izakhiwo main nge ezikhathini zasendulo impela, ukuthuthukiswa lokhu impucuko babe emathuneni omkhulukazi yabakhulu namakhosi. namahlelo Funeral baye bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kanye babesebenzelana eduze nendikimba befa nokusukuma onkulunkulu ngokwemvelo.

Izikhulu senceku-enamaphiko namakhosi ikhokhwe kakhulu ngokufa "ukuphila okuphakade". Esakhiwe okuqinile impahla emathuneni okuyinto itshe okuhlala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu ekhaya eziphilayo zazakhiwe ukhuni isitini. Ngakho, ethuneni laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo itshe kuqala.

Umklamo waseGibhithe lasendulo ukhokhele kakhulu ukwakhiwa emathuneni. Lokhu wavezwa hhayi kuphela isamba semali esichithwa ukwakhiwa yabo. Ukwakhiwa emathuneni yafuna umzamo omkhulu. Stone kwadingeka ukushayela kusuka kude, sidonsa a ukuphakama enkulu esebenzisa embankments.

Architecture basendulo baseGibithe uye savela bebheke okwandisa ingxenye aboveground lesi sakhiwo nendawo. Nokho, isisebenzi sokwakha umugqa enjalo babengakwazi ukhiqize umbono wayefisa obuqand izakhiwo omkhulukazi. Kule ndaba, nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu eGibhithe lasendulo Ufake esigabeni esisha yentuthuko. It esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni umbono okwandayo kwakhiwe umugqa mpo.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, okokuqala yayiyingxenye ikambiso yokwakhiwa -tombs mbhoshongo ka Djoser (Dynasty uFaro 3). Kuze kube sekupheleni emlandweni waseGibhithe ngokulondoloza igama wezakhiwo Imhotep, umakhi izakhiwo lokuqala itshe, udokotela, kamuva isazi sezinkanyezi esikweyoku.

Amandla kwezomnotho waseGibhithe lasendulo iye basibukela phansi nezimpi eziningi okuzingela futhi umsebenzi wokwakha emikhulu. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise buthakathaka amandla senkosi. Ngenxa emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso kuFaro 2400 BC. e. Kwaba khona ukwahlukana yenarha izindawo ehlukile.

Nge isimo esisha e inyunyana 21. BC. e. Ngibuya ngiqala futhi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo yaseGibithe lasendulo. Iqalisiwe nokwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe okwesikhashana.

Emakhulwini eminyaka 16-15. BC. e. (Isikhathi zamakhosi akwa-Dynasty 18) enamathiselwe kakhulu ukwakhiwa lasebukhosini omngcwabo amathempeli. endaweni yokungcwaba le oFaro babe eThebes. Amathuna zamakhosi zakhiwa entshonalanga loMfula iNayile. Kule ndawo isikhathi eside kwaku emathuneni waseGibhithe.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ethuneni wahlukana ethempelini emakhazeni. Okokuqala, ukuphepha enkudlwana ezihosheni ezibaziweyo amatshe. Amathempeli zazakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezansi, ku sezwe flat. ezintsha okunjalo izakhiwo Egypt wathola sibonga umakhi Ineni.

Ukwakha ethempelini yemingcwabo manje kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba ukwakhiwa kwezinye amathempeli. Nge kancane ukuthuthukiswa isakhiwo zadalwa omkhulukazi izakhiwo, kanye imikhakha sphinxes futhi omkhulu pylons.

Special bemibuso ethempelini avelele Amenhotep 3. Kule isakhiwo ngasinda ezimbili kuphela eziqoshiwe usayizi omkhulu, esibonisa ukuthi lo faro. Indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwawo wonke amathempeli omngcwabo lwamakhosi Nethempeli Hatshepsut, a faro zesifazane.

Emlandweni art waseGibhithe ubhekwa isikhathi nakangaka ngasekupheleni lwamakhosi 18th. Oholela isikhundla isiko kusukela 14 kuya emakhulwini eminyaka 12. BC. e. ubambe eThebes.

Isici nobuntu ekuqaleni kokubusa lwamakhosi 19 ubhekwa isifiso ukubuyisela iziphathimandla hhayi kuphela kuleli zwe, kodwa futhi isithunzi ngamazwe. Ngakho, kanye ukuqaliswa zokuqinisa emnothweni waseGibhithe namandla ezempi, oFaro ozama ukunikeza glitz kakhulu futhi ubukhazikhazi eThebes, amathempeli, esigodlweni sayo. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko zashiya izibazi phezu ezobuciko namasiko kwesikhathi.

Emakhulwini eminyaka 11-8. BC. e. Yahlala nesimo esinzima.

Ngesikhathi kubusa Psamtika 1- saisskogo uFaro - ukwakhiwa advantageously olwenziwe Sais (inhloko-dolobha entsha). Umuzi ngaleso sikhathi lakhiwa ithempeli elihle unkulunkulukazi Neith, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa futhi emadlizeni aboyisemkhulu.