Umdwebo "I Stranger" Ivana Kramskogo

Omunye imisebenzi esivelele kunazo zonke esikoleni Russian yokudweba engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili, isithombe "I Stranger". Kramskoy wawubhala 1883 okokuqala Umdwebo wethulwa emphakathini ngonyaka esifanayo Wanderers embukisweni Petersburg. Original igama layo - "elingaziwa." Uma sibone ukuthi izithameli ngokushesha uvele namahlebezi amaningi. Ngubani ukuthi intokazi ukuthi Ivan Kramskoy kusenzo mdwebo? Impendulo ngqo kulo mbuzo ayitholakalanga kuze kube namuhla. Ucwaningo Diaries futhi ezazibhalelwe abantu nje abavamile umdwebi futhi uhlulekile ukucacisa isimo: Kramskoy ndawo okukhulunywa mayelana ungubani lona wesifazane obulewe owaba umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa prototype kwentombazane engaziwa

Kunemibono eminingana mayelana kabani isithombe lidlulisela isithombe "I longaziwa." Yangaphandle Incazelo eKursk enhle ongumlimi Matrona Savvishna, waba inkosikazi yesikhulu esasingaphansi Bestuzhev wohlanga olukhulu, i-izona ezingcono kakhulu umlingisi ngendwangu. Ezinye izazi Archaeology babekholelwa ukuthi imodeli, ukuzenza kuye ephethenini bokubhala indodakazi yakhe Sofia. Abanye abagxeki babe nombono wokuthi sibonelo wentombazanyana ngendwangu kuyinto Anna Karenina, abanye kuchasiselwe zifana wakhe ukuze Nastasya Filipovna - Heroine noveli Dostoevsky esithi "Idiot". Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX nge isithombe intokazi selibe ephathelene ne-mnene futhi engaqondakali Blok esithi "Isihambi."

yenanelwa esibucayi

Abantu besikhathi Abaningi Archaeology babekholelwa ukuthi lo mdwebo "The Stranger" kwalotshwa ngenhloso izinqe Indwangu kwesimilo somphakathi ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukukhonza njengesibonelo ukulandela. Art umhlaziyi Stasov ngokuthi ubuhle on ngendwangu "cocotte ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile." Ngokusho N. Murashko, ngendwangu kwaboniswa "Camellia ethandekayo ', ukuthi ungowesifazane zobuhle lula. Echaza "Isihambi", umhlaziyi P. Kovalevsky walibiza ngokuthi "omunye eziyizimbangela ka yasemadolobheni amakhulu."

incazelo izintokazi

Uyini isithombe "I Stranger"? Kramskoy edwetshwe ke enhle owesifazane osemusha ugibele i ukuthutha evulekile ku Anichkov Ibhuloho. Lady, ngifuna regally ngokumelene ingemuva seqhwa Petersburg, egqoke ezibizayo futhi imfashini. Zonke imininingwane nenhle ikhabethe ongamazi umculi nerejista ngokukhulu ukucophelela. elingenamikhono zikanokusho nge blue satin kuze kudabuke umhlane, zalungisa nge noboya Sable, isigqoko khona ngezimpaphe bese amagilavu kusukela lesikhumba abachwepheshile, isongo igolide - konke lokhu kwenza kube zokuhlukumeza abesifazane.

Bheka enhle, nokuntula eyelashes obukhulu, abazidlayo, lapho sinqamula nokwedelela abanye. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo emehlweni akhe, ungafunda ukungaqiniseki esivela kuzo zonke abantu, ezimele zezwe ahlala kulo. Naphezu ukushiywa kwezingane zinganakekelwe, intombazane muhle, ngomusa, ke edonsela nhla ekuthandeni. Inenekazi engaziwa kusobala ukuthi akuyona eyakho umphakathi eliphezulu. Indlela yokugqoka e izimfashini zamuva, kanye izindebe zaveza namashiya kakhulu nasurmlennye zibonisa ukuthi cishe kwaba wesifazane babelokhu senkosi zasebukhosini.

ukutholakala Czech

Cishe eminyakeni engu-60 ngemva kokuba ukubhalwa "I Stranger" kwelinye amaqoqo eyimfihlo Czech kwathiwa ngephutha wathola emfushane kulolu yendaba. Phezu kwalo intokazi egqoke ingubo emnyama ivaliwe, izinwele zakhe bahlangana kwekhanda okusezingeni eliphezulu. Owesifazane nokuboniswe dweba, kuyinto afana kuya "Isihambi", kodwa emehlweni akhe ngisho nokwedelela kubonakale kakhulu abanye. Kramskoy zaveza nobuhle ingcaca futhi uyazigqaja, ukubonisa wakhe uhlobo caricature. Ngokusho etude ebonisa ukuthi uye eside inkosi kwadingeka umbono ukwakha portrait ukwambulwa, ebukisa sisakubona umphakathi.

Amahlebezi we izithombe isiqalekiso

Akukhona nje umlingiswa oyinhloko engaqondakali edonsela abathandi art yokudweba "I Stranger". Umdwebi idale umsebenzi ezingaqondakali ngempela, ngoba emashumini ke idonse kubanikazi enkingeni futhi ukwehluleka.

Ukubhala ngendwangu Kramskoy Tretyakov owawuyidinga wathi ufuna ukuthenga wona igalari bakhe emhlabathini, kepha akavumanga, luwukuqiniseka ukuthi ekumeni elihle abesifazane bayakwazi niswa umuntu ophilayo. "I Stranger" wathola indawo yokufihla ikhanda ezizimele, kuqala eRussia ke phesheya, kodwa kubo bonke abanikazi bayo iletha amabhadi. Thuka hung phezu kwakhe futhi Kramskoy: ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva emva isithombe yanyatheliswa, yena ngamunye ngamunye zidlulile amadodana 2.

Ngemva kohambo olude ngo-1925, i-"ongaziwa" ongaqondakali ibuyile Russia nase namanje zenzeka kuye ngesikhathi Tretyakov Gallery, lapho kuze kube yilolu suku. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uMariya isidlulile ukuletha usizi kwabanye. Fans of Archaeology isiqiniseko uma kuwebhu ekuqaleni wangena ukuqoqwa Tretyakov, kuyilapho emva kwakhe kwakungeke Usufike igama elibi, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona-ke kwakufanele kube kusukela ekuqaleni.