Indima kwesenzo mbuzo. Ingxenye yokukhuluma ngolimi Russian - the esisho nokusetshenziswa

Indima kwesenzo Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu, inkulumo yethu kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle kwalo. Amabizo anike izikhonzi, imibono kanye nezenzakalo amagama, tiphawulo uchaze izakhiwo zabo. Futhi tento like ephulukisa amanzi ukuze ziphefumule yokuphila bangene amazwi nokwalabo abaseduze kwabo, niwabophe abe ephelele, isiphakamiso agcwele, ukugcwalisa nge ukunyakaza futhi umsebenzi. Batinikela imicabango ngokomzwelo, bonisa izinqubo ezenzeka hhayi ifomu eqandisiwe, kodwa ekuthuthukisweni kwabo, ukuba uqonde uhlobo ubudlelwano phakathi izinto ekubeni.

Umlando igama elithi "Isenzo"

Okhokho baso elithi "nesenzo esithi" babe lwamaSlav elithi "Isenzo" ubudala - inkulumo, izwi; "Tento" - iziphethe inkulumo verbosity, amahemuhemu; "Glagolivy" - besedlivy ikhuluma. zamagama Glagolitic wabizwa ngokuthi lwamaSlav lasendulo. Ngisho ngezikhathi Pushkin igama elithi "Isenzo" ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "inkulumo", "izwi", njengoba kufakazelwa ucingo odumile sika "zisishise izinhliziyo sento." Kancane kancane, ukubaluleka ubudala iphelelwe ukusetshenziswa, futhi manje igama elithi "Isenzo" kusho tenkhulumo.

Yiphi indima isenzo lapho sikhuluma

Tento amagama ezibonisa isimo into noma isenzo, futhi kube yiyo ephendula imibuzo "yini okufanele uyenze?", "Yini ukuyenza?" (Ukudla, ukuya). Ngosizo tento isikhulumi kungaba ukuveza hhayi kuphela inqubo noma isimo, kodwa izimpawu (amahlamvu yellowing), isimo sengqondo (bafana nabazali babo), inani (imali engenayo kathathu), isikhathi (kokushiya kusasa).

Kuyinto abacebe nezincazelo kanye namafomu tenkhulumo ngolimi Russian. ticalo Verb netijobelelo yakha wonke umndeni lwamagama bayakwazi kungabonakali zibonisa umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama semantic nezingokomzwelo ngokoqobo, kungabonwa emazwini ukubaleka: yokuphunyuka - ukusebenzisa - abaleke - obbezhat - waphunyuka - babaleka - eza egijima - ran - wagijima.

incazelo yohlelo lokubhala

indima lolimi isenzo okukhulunywa ngayo ukucabanga ubunjalo othakazelisayo imihlola, izinto, izidalwa eziphilayo, lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi:

• isimo into (amanga, banobufakazi);

• Isenzo ngokomzimba (run, beat, isando);

• izinqubo nge into (abasebasha, ezikhulayo, kwakhahlela);

• ukunyakaza (hamba, sibhukuda, fly);

• Ubuhlobo (nenhlonipho, inzondo, umona);

• imizwa (isigqoko, unamahloni, sad);

• isimo nemvelo (abandayo, amnyama).

Ifomu zohlelo lolimi isenzo:

1. kwekusebentisa (stop ukuphefumula).

2. Ifomu Siqu (mina ukudansa - wena ukudansa - thina ukudansa - bona ukudansa).

3. Ifomu ejwayelekile (yawa - yawa - ke uwile - bawa).

4. wenhlanganyelo (waqamba othandweni).

5. gerund (sicabangela sokuqala).

6. engenabuntu ifomu selisho izinqubo okuyinto zenzeka ngaphandle into esebenzayo (agcwala, kuphekwe, entathakusa).

izici morphological tento inkulumo

Tento ube ambalwa unomphela futhi okungezona avamile izici morphological.

Ukufaka njalo.

1. Isenzo uhlobo - ichaza ngokuyisisekelo isenzo ezihambayo ngenhlonipho ukuphelela kwalo noma incompleteness:

• tento, ukuthi ukuphendula umbuzo "esingakwenza", okuthiwa tento imperfective zichaza basesohlelweni (ebhala incwadi, upheka ukudla kwakusihlwa);
• tento, ukuthi ukuphendula umbuzo "yini okufanele uyenze?", okuthiwa tento perfective, zichaza izinqubo kakade kuqedile (Waloba incwadi, unina walungisa dinner).

2. umenziwa isenzo enquma ukuthi lokhu kwenzani kuma-into ihamba noma cha:

• tento umenziwa ukuchaza izenzo ezisebenza into (umama feeds indodakazi yakhe, Ngafunda incwadi);
• tento ngadingi umenziwa ubheke izinqubo ezingenziwanga komunye into (ujike amahlamvu e-maple obomvu, inyoni liyachuma).

3. Kwesifo ebonisa ukuma inqubo ngokwalo noma kwenye into:

• tento iphendule ukuchaza isenzo iqondiswe, wabuyela ngokwabo, akhiwa usebenzisa isijobelelo "-S" futhi "Xia" (Yelena izona, mina greyus);
• tento Umbe ubeka inqubo okuhloswe ngaso isihloko ehlukene (Yelena ugeza ikhanda lakhe, mina Gray entendeni).

4. conjugation of tento ngokubhala ulawula nesibalo nenhlobo:

• Tento conjugation lokuqala uneminye Ukuvalwa ngaphandle "-it" (sokulima ufuna flash).
• Okwesibili conjugation tento babe isiphetho "-it" (nenani, zisonteke akunika).

Ukuze izici ze-non-unomphela zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo.

1. Ubulili:

• amadoda (kudlalwa, ukudlala);
• Abesifazane (emi, nokuma);
• ESigabeni leSisemkhatsini (ngaphandle kuphekwe).

2. Umuntu:

• owokuqala (Ngikhuluma ngani, ukhuluma ngani);
• Neyesibili (siyazi, uyazi);
• elesithathu (asiza kwangisiza, zasiza).

3. Isikhathi:

• samanje (abafuna azithathe izingcingo);
• esidlule (Ngifuna, thatha, edingekayo);
• Ikusasa (ngithola, thatha, zidinga).

4. Inombolo:

• esiyingqayizivele (kancane, yenhlwathi);
• ubuningi (yenhlwathi yenhlwathi).

5. Ukuthambekela:

• Indlela (ngithola isikhathi, kuba ukuphuma);
• lesiphocako (uspey edingekayo, hamba);
• okunemibandela (bebengaba, ngabe zamhambela).

incazelo syntactic

Isenzo zisendaweni ebalulekile e-syntax Russian. Okokuqala, it is a isilandiso, okuyinto ngokuhlanganyela isihloko uchaza izenzo ezihlukahlukene futhi uthi lezinto. Kodwa indima syntactic sesenzo okukhulunywa ubanzi kakhulu, kungaba:

• isilandiso (I (benza) baphaka eyizidleke?);

• umphelelisi (Ngithanda kakhulu (ukuthi) Master birdhouses?);

• izimo (ngaya umngane (kungani) Master birdhouses?):

• definition lingahambisani (Ngiyakuthanda umdlalo owodwa - (a) Master birdhouses?);

• kuncike: (? (Ukuthi) Master birdhouses - umdlalo wami).

stylistics

Isenzo waphetha ezinkulukazi amathuba yesitayela. Ukusetshenziswa tento inkulumo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngesimo, zingenza kube umqondo ocacile noma ekhululekile, uyabanda noma ushise, noma isheshe. Asiza ukukhuluma ngokucacile futhi kahle isho izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isimo abantu, imizwa nezidingo zabo.

1. Business isitayela. amaphepha Esemthethweni zinezikhathi strong style, ezomile futhi okuthe juqu. Woza Izibonisi lokuqala, achazayo Ibizo ifomu yokukhuluma. Tento zivame lwaludlula nzima emabito ngamazwi. Amaphepha ibhizinisi impela tento ezimbalwa, cishe 60 izingcezu ngamunye amazwi 1000, emisebenzini yesayensi, bangamaphesenti angu-90 amagama, kodwa izitayela lesibonwa kanye nobuciko - tento 150 nokuningi.

2. isitayela Scientific ayegcwele imiqondo abstract, izincazelo enembile, libhekene ukuzibamba nokuthi siqine kangakanani. Injongo imisebenzi yesayensi - ukuchaza futhi embule amaphethini kanye ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo, ngakho kukhethwa tento tacitly kulawulwa umphakathi obungokwesayensi obusekela amagama abstract, engasho lutho abstract: kube, kube, kube.

3. isitayela Journalistic wehlukile: sifaka kanye tabloids nezincwadi sina kohlaziyo nezihloko emaphephabhukwini thematic. Journalism umcimbi eyinqaba, indlela elandisayo yale isethulo. coloration kwesitayela kanye nenombolo tento incike uhlobo shicilelo. Ngakho, umbhalo ezikhethekile kakhulu flecked eziyinkimbinkimbi ibizo-imiqondo inombolo tento kungenziwa lincane. Futhi isihloko ngokuphila inkanyezi TV, tento ziqokonyiswe.

4. isitayela Esangxoxo iyinombolo zicatshangwe ka gradations futhi halftones, okuqukethwe kwakhe okukhulu okungokomzwelo futhi semantic kuncike isimo, ethi Ubumnene. Tento colloquially ukusiza Ngembathisa imizwa, izifiso kanye nesimo ngamagama, ukuba bakulethe omunye.

5. Isitayela kwezobuciko lembula ngokugcwele kakhulu indima kwesenzo umbuzo bese iyikho. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe amakhosi izwi isenzo uguqulwe ube ithuluzi imilingo ezingaba ngokoqobo futhi babukana ukuveza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngo ngokuvamile tento eqanjiwe zitholakala ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ngaphezu, bonke abalobi enkulu ngobuqili zisebenzisa tento ocebile kuyahambisana, ngifuna ngokucophelela ngoba izwi kangcono, kahle uchaza isimo noma uhlamvu.

Ubumbaxambili sento

Incazelo ukusetshenziswa tento kulenkhulumo kwezinye kwenza uzibuze ngisho izikhulumi bomdabu of Russian, ukusho lutho mayelana bonke abezizwe abaphakathi ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukwenza umqondo isiphakamiso elisobala. Zonke daba ubumbaxambili tento. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "aphambane" nezincazelo ezinhlanu isichazamazwi, igama elithi "ukuma" - eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi igama elithi "thatha" - nambili. Ulimi njalo elokhu ivela, ukuqongelela amagama yimpumelelo nenshokutsi. Kusukela incazelo eyinhloko yegama kukhona yesibili futhi ngokuqinile bangene kukho, okwenza kube agqamile nisebenzise iso lengqondo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukusika amagatsha, kodwa unga - indoda; iwe kusichibi noma emehlweni abanye; ihlombe noma umnyango; ubuthe ubufakazi noma sokuvuna; batshekule noma isithupha; ubambe i-apula, isivivinyo noma izwi; phuma isitimela noma engqondweni; lokuya ezulwini noma imali; nomntwana noma imicabango; ngezinye izikhathi ugijima inja, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ubisi noma nini.

synonymy

omqondofana Verb babe kwenani elifanayo, kodwa Umbala ezahlukene ngokomzwelo nesitayela. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ukuwa" ngendlela isitayela hlangothi, igama elithi "shmyaknut" noma "Ukuphahlazeka" libhekisela esihlangwini esasisikhulu indlela levamile (abahumushela kulo) "kokugumbuqelwa" noma "wehluleka" - ukuze okusezingeni eliphezulu, isitayela kwezobuciko.

Synonyms show, yini indima owenza isenzo lapho sikhuluma. Kukhethwa ongakhetha incike nokufaneleka isimo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izwi okungalungile olukhulunywa hhayi kuphela obuhlanekezela lo mqondo futhi okunzima ukuyiqonda, kodwa futhi kubeka umuntu esimweni iwubuphukuphuku. Lulwimi lolusetjentiswa esitaladini kungazwakali ephepheni yesayensi, ephezulu ukuzwakala amazwi yansuku zonke sezimiso amazwi, ezesayensi engadingekile e eqanjiwe ukukhanya.