Russian portrait abadwebi kanye nemisebenzi yabo

Russian portrait umdwebi wavela ekuqaleni 14 AD leminyaka. Ochwepheshe shayela ngesikhathi ngezimali esinqunyiwe, ngakho ngokuvamile yakhetha stylization. It ayikwazanga ngokuthi surrealism, kodwa izithombe ngokuqinisekile uhlushwa ukuntuleka ukunakekela imininingwane. Kamuva portrait Russian abadwebi futhi umsebenzi wabo iye refocused ku wokubhaliswa kwamasonto. Abadwebi yemvelo engcwele izindonga zaveza Uphahla lwangaphakathi nangapha amasonto amancane namakhulu.

Early portrait art

Russian portrait abadwebi futhi imidwebo yabo babe izici zabo ehlukile, baye baqaphela - umculi ngamunye kuyofikwa isitayela sakhe umsebenzi, ngaphezu, yena waba ohlonishwa njengomholi abapristi besonto.

Omele bhá wesikhathi - Andrei Rublev (1370-1428), owahamba Usebenza elingukungaboli: "Kristu Pantocrator", "Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli", "uZiqu-zintathu", "St Paul" nezinye yobuciko of isithonjana imidwebo.

Rublev sikhathi sinye edumile isithonjana umdwebi Feofan Grek (1340-1410). Kwaphela isikhathi eside besebenza ndawonye. Esikhathini 90 we-14 abaculi ekhulwini ngesineke Cathedral of the Annunciation. Umsebenzi abathintekayo nezinye Russian portrait umdwebi. Ubukhulu bomsebenzi bekulokhu mikhulu. imifanekiso Major Deesis uqimba wabhala Feofan Grek, a "isiprofetho" kanye engxenyeni engenhla "ukhokho" uchungechunge ngesineke ngu Andeya Rubleva. ubufakazi obuphathekayo ukuphakamisa ukuthi abhalwa inhlamba lomugqa phansi izithonjana ezinkulu, cha, kodwa isandla onekhono isithonjana umdwebi, waqaphela futhi kulezi imisebenzi.

amakhosi Sakudala portraiture

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14, uwoyela umdwebo amasu sesingconywana ngenxa ukubukeka tonkotertyh upende.

Russian portrait abadwebi amuva:

• Dionisiy (1440-1502), inkosi ozithandayo Ivan III. Umbusi esetshenziswa ukushaja umculi zaveza abanye ngethempeli, bese ngezikhathi wavakashela umdwebi isithonjana wabukela umsebenzi.
• Alexey Zubov (1682-1750) - master elikhulu Russian lokuqopha ubuciko okuqinisekile sikaPeter Okokuqala. Wayesebenza kanye uyise, ovelele isithonjana umdwebi Fedorom Zubovym. Ngokubambisana zibe Armoury Chamber of Moscow Kremlin.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) - umdwebi isiRashiya, omunye amakhosi wokuqala Russian of portraiture, efundile eYurophu. He is endaweni ekhethekile, uPeter Omkhulu. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu umculi - ekumeni weNkosi Polish Agasti II futhi uMbusi Mecklenburg.

Russian portrait umdwebi kwekhulu le-18

Master ibhulashi Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, njengoba umthetho, wahlanganyela Umdwebo isonto. Nokho, ngekhulu le-18 kwaba nesikhathi lapho kuzalwa portrait art e injalo elicwengekileyo, lapho umdwebi ibonisa on ngendwangu isithombe kumuntu othize. Russian portrait umdwebi ngaleso sikhathi labetibambile esikoleni zasendulo ezobuciko, mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokusiza okunembile kwezindikimba ngokuningiliziwe ayetholakala. Ngo portraiture, le ndlela iyona engcono impendulo imisebenzi eyabelwe oPhethe - ukufeza isithombe esinjalo, ukuze wakubekezelela konke kuyizimpawu isitayela ubuciko yayibaluleke kakhulu. Umsebenzi ibonakala ngempela kukhathaza futhi enesibopho. Noma kunjalo abadumile Russian portrait umdwebi ngokuphelele ukubhekana naso. Ama-oda kwaba ngaphezu kokwanele, lonke enkantolo izikhulu namalungu yomthengisi zezentengiselwano elwela ethunywe ekumeni yena nomkhaya wakhe.

abantu abacebile ayethanda ukumema abadwebi endlini yakhe, njengoba kulokhu, wonke umndeni ukubuka inqubo, futhi ibhekwa njengenye esesimweni esihle. Russian portrait umdwebi nisaphila ukuphila ocebile, ngakho zama ukuthatha oda amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ekupheleni ikhanda umsebenzi isithombe umndeni njengazo zonke amalunga omuzi, umculi wathola oda elilandelayo endlini efanayo. Ngakho, Russian portrait umdwebi Wayengumuntu ezifunwayo abavelele emphakathini hhayi ahlale ngaphandle umsebenzi. Abaculi yimpumelelo kakhulu bamenywa egumbini bobukhosi ukwenza izabelo ezibucayi.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla portraiture

Lapho ubuciko imidwebo, inkathi Yenguquko, eRussia kukhona abaculi abaningi abanamakhono.

Russian portrait umdwebi kwekhulu le-18:

• Antropov Alexei (1716-1795) - esidumile Russian portrait umdwebi, nengxenye umhlobiso Winter Palace 1744-m Tsarskoye Selo e 1749. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, abaculi zaveza Church St. Andrew BakaJehova eKiev. Kusukela 1761 Antropov owayebuthelwa esiGungwini Orthodox njengoba induna imisebenzi umbonisi yisakhiwo sodumo. Emlandweni Russian art umculi wezela nkathi ngokuthi portraitist abanamakhono kaPetru.
• Borovikovskiy uVladimir (1757-1825) wazalelwa e Mirgorod. Waba abadumile emuva kokuhlangana nezikhulu uCatherine II, ababecindezela eCrimea ngo 1787. Umdwebi ipende omunye zamakhosi indlela iNdlovukazi, futhi kwabonakala. Catherine uzwakalise ebahlonipha futhi Borovykovs'kogo ukhishwa imali, okuyinto kamuva waya Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alex (1780-1847) - umculi isiRashiya, umsunguli we ngesakhiwo uhlobo of portraiture. Waziwa umsebenzi wakhe "Portrait umama", abhalwe 1801. Watadisha art yokudweba kusukela umculi Borovikovsky.
• Kiprensky Orest (1782-1836) - umculi ovelele ngubani wangenela in 1804 nge isithombe A. K. Valbe eyayibhalwe ngo isitayela Rembrandt. umsebenzi Famous "EV Davydov", elisungulwe 1809, uye waqinisa idumela umculi. emidwebweni Abaningi Kiprensky igcinwe Tretyakov Igalari.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - umculi Russian, eyaduma emva portrait NJENGOBA Pushkin ethunywe imbongi yena. Umdwebo senzelwe S. A. Sobolevskogo, umngane ka-Alexander. Portrait abe umfanekiso zakudala imbongi omkhulu kuzo zonke izikhathi.

Portrait art ngekhulu le-19

Russian portrait umdwebi kwekhulu le-19 - kuyinto iqembu abaculi abanamakhono ngubani baye baphendukela uhlobo womuntu ubuso isithombe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - umlandeli isitayela zezemfundo 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, portrait zomlando. Watadisha Umdwebo ngesikhathi Dresden art esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngo 1826 wathuthela Petersburg, lapho ngokushesha eyaduma ngokubhala uchungechunge ekumeni abantu abadumile. Ngesikhathi 1837th ngahamba nohambo olude lokunqamula Russia ukubazi nge Folk asemaqaqasini futhi ukuphila kwabantu abavamile. Ngemva kokubuyela ngesineke kulo ibandla labaseTheselonika Winter Palace, edumile Umdwebo "weSidlo Sokugcina" ngangiphakathi kwalabo misebenzi. Wathola umyalezo professorship for Umdwebo ka Cathedral St-Isaka, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba umgcini Hermitage yobuciko.
• Zaharov Petr (1816-1846) - Russian portrait umdwebi nesimo esinzima. umfana oneminyaka engu-yatholakala ishiywe kanjalo, edolobhaneni Chechen ka Dadi-yurt. Russian Jikelele Yermolov wasemthatha umntwana lapho ikhuliswa. Lapho iqaphela ikhono ukudweba ingane yakhe yokutholwa, wanikeza ukuqeqeshwa kancane Petya ngayo udaba lomdwebo umdwebi Lvu Volkovu. Ngo-1836 Zakharov iziqu inkambo Academy of Arts futhi wathola isihloko umculi khulula.
• Makarov Ivan (1822-1897) - umdwebi isiRashiya, ngoba ukuphila zokudala eside wabhala imidwebo eminingi. Imisebenzi yakhe, nemidwebo, kufaka phakathi kwabo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, basesimweni Tretyakov Gallery, Russian Museum, Academy of Fine Arts kanye amahholo embukisweni kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngo-1844, Makarov kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, lapho iwine ukuqashelwa omphakathi wedolobha.

Painter-portraitist Tyranov

portraitist Russian (1808-1859), eyingoduso emsebenzini isithonjana-imidwebo. Ngo-1824, wahlangana nomculi Venetsianov, ngubani ezikhonjwe umfana esikoleni sakhe yokudweba, futhi, lapho ephothula, wanika Tyranova umfundi e-Art Academy. Isiphetho obengeziwe umdwebi abasha isungule ngempumelelo, wathola indondo encane igolide Academy 1836 baba nobefunda the zihlaba Karl Briullov. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe "Ntombazane nge ithamborini, 'wayengakhulumi anikezwe isihloko academician. Lapho eseRoma, wabhala imidwebo yakhe enkulu: "Ntombazane, Cindezela amanzi aphume izinwele," "Ingelosi nge legatsha omnqumo", "Umama kaMose emfuleni iNayile." Khona-ke, lapho esephindele Petersburg umculi, umdwebi wahlupheka uchungechunge ngamashwa, waba isinxibi nje. Ngathola indawo yokuhlala endlini yomfowabo emzini Kashin. Kube Tyranov futhi wafa eneminyaka engu-51.

Esingafani imishini portrait

Zaryanko Sergei (1818-1870) - evelele portraitist Russian, ezazidume ngokutshala play sakhe esingakhulumekiyo yokukhanya nasethunzini emidwebweni yakhe. inqubo umdwebi sika is wamemezela kangangokuthi izwe sangaphakathi umuntu kuboniswe ngendwangu, sengathi lost yingcebo shades kanye nemisindo. Ubude Zaryanko wabhala mayelana ekumeni engamakhulu, iningi okunikezelwe kombusi, umndeni wakhe nenkantolo ephakeme yezikhulu.

Umfundi we-master

Zhodeyko leonid (1827-1879) - Russian portrait-umdwebi, umfundi eMoscow Petersburg umculi Zaryanko Markov master umfundisi Academy of Arts. Yena ngesineke ikakhulukazi ekumeni abesifazane. Wathola isihloko academician umdwebo "Ntombazane okugeza". Wayengumuntu umhlanganyeli njalo embukisweni waminyaka yonke, obanjwa ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi Academy of Fine Arts Petersburg.

Umculi isitayela okukhulu

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) - i-master esivelele portraiture, yasezindongeni zenkolo, uhlobo isithombe. Umbhali imidwebo esibonisa abalobi ezidumile, abaculi, abadlali, kwakungabafundi: L. N. UTolstoy (1883 th), ME Saltykov-Shchedrin (1879 th), I. I. Shishkin (1873 th), S. P. Botkin (1880 th), P. M. Tretyakov (1876 th).

umculi impilo yonke aphethwe subtext zefilosofi okukhulu emsebenzini wakhe, kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile kule imidwebo portrait: "Akwaziwa" "NA Nekrasov," "lusizi kakhulu Nosizi", okuyinto zadalwa esikhathini kusuka 1877 kuya 1884. Lezi yobuciko basesimweni Tretyakov Igalari.

ekumeni yobuciko ekhulwini lama-20

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima-Russia. izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe, nezimpi ezimbili olunegazi kwashiya izibazi tekutfutfukisa talelive. Nokho art esaphila, eminyakeni yangemva kwempi lavuselelwa imidwebo, kuhlanganise portrait. Abaculi zazimbalwa, kodwa konke kuphumelele isikole omuhle.

abaculi Russian we 20th portraitists ngekhulu:

• Engels Kozlov - Soviet portrait umdwebi, owazalwa ngo-1926, bathweswa iziqu Yaroslavl Art School, bese wabhalisa Yiqiniso yokudweba Repin Leningrad Institute. Ngo-1956, Ikhomishini ethulwa iziqu zalo mqondo "Ingabe ukuphila!" Iyilungu we-Union of Abaculi kusukela 1957. Isihloko lokusungula Kozlov - ekumeni ababephila ngesikhathi.
• Lomakin Oleg - isithombe-umdwebi ka nenkathi yamaSoviet, wazalwa ngo-1924. Washeshe wahileleka Leningrad art esikoleni, bese - ku Zonke-Russian Academy of Arts. Ngo-1942 yena ngabuthelwa Red Army, walwa at eKursk, okwakubekelwa ulinyazwa kabi futhi baxoshwa ebuthweni lifaka. Ekumeni, zaveza ngokuhlangenwe umculi, embukisweni nemibukiso kusukela ngo-1952.
• Nevelshtein Samuweli (1904-1983) - isithombe-umdwebi, iziqu VHUTEMAS. Ngenxa imisebenzi kweshumi eziningana umdwebi sika. Isihloko lokusungula Nevelshtein babe ekumeni babantu besikhathi sakhe. Portraitist labetibambile nemibukiso ezinhlanu uwedwa, bavalelwa eLeningrad, umbukiso Owokuqala waba ngo-1944.
• Oreshnikov Viktor (1904-1987) - umdwebi amaSoviet nasemakamu portraitist. Umculi Yabantu kweSoviet Union, owawina ezimbili Stalin Imiklomelo. Ngo umsebenzi ibuse izifundo ezintweni esizifinyelele emnothweni kazwelonke, kanye ekumeni babantu besikhathi sakhe.
• Shilov Aleksandr - Russian portrait-umdwebi, owazalwa ngo-1943. UMdali esiyingqayizivele ekumeni of zomlando orientation. Bahileleke ekuphileni komphakathi, ilungu Council zomphakathi ngaphansi uMongameli Russian.

abaculi abadumile we-portrait uhlobo

engamakhulu ayisithupha sele idlulile solo ukubukeka yobuciko olungokomfanekiso, izizukulwane eziningana abaculi. Ngaphezu abadwebi sekushiwo, kukhona amanye amakhosi amaningi.

Bangobani - Russian portrait umdwebi? Zibhaleni phansi zi.

Ngekhulu le-18:

• Musikiyskiy Grigoriy Semenovich, inkantolo portrait umdwebi.
• Gzel Georg, umpendi Swiss osenesikhathi eside wasebenza eRussia.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, inkantolo umdwebi.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist we ukhomba ngophakathi.
• Kolokolnikov Mina Lukic, umhlaba mculi.
• Matveev Andrey Matveyevich enkantolo portraitist.

Ngekhulu le-19:

• Ugryumov Grigoriy Ivanovich, umdwebi ongumlimi.
• Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich, uyisicukuthwane portrait-umdwebi.
• Orlovsky Aleksandr Osipovich umculi yezikhulu.
• Sokolov uPetru Fedorovich, portraitist ngokuba ukhomba ngophakathi.