Simone Martini: Biography nemisebenzi

Italy ilethe izwe abaculi omkhulu owadala yobuciko ngaleso sikhathi. Enye yalezi geniuses of Umdwebo wahlala "inhliziyo Italy" by Simone Martini. Tadisha yomlando wakhe Kwakungelula. Zonke izitatimende aseleyo ngakho, kwadingeka ukubheka imibhalo nezinkomba Abantu bangaleso sikhathi.

Noma kunjalo kabusha kwezikhathi izenzakalo nokuphila Simone Martini kuphumelele, nakuba kule ndaba akuyona bushelelezi ngakho. Kwezinye izindawo kuba khona imibuzo, endaweni ethile zikhona izikhala. Noma kunjalo, sibonga imisebenzi umculi, ingaboniswa bese uqala manje - ekuphileni.

ekuqaleni

Ngeshwa, Simone Martini biography iqala ukufa. Lona usuku oluthé ngqo kuphela, okuyinto wakwazi ukuthola abacwaningi. Kwelinye amasonto ababhishobhi Siena - San Domenico, okufakiwe atholakele, ngenxa okuyinto yabe seyaziwa ukuthi umdwebi omkhulu wafa lapha ngo-August 4, 1344. I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe akunakwenzeka ukwazi. Cishe nje eyaziwa ngonyaka - 1284 th. Kuchazwa ngokusho ulwazi eboniswe ku ethuneni umdwebi: Ulwazi ufunda ngezwi eliphansi ukuthi Martini ushone eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-60.

ukubukeka

kuphakama imibuzo Okuningi maqondana ingaphandle Italian. Umngani wakhe best, Petrarch abadumile umangalele ukuthi Simone kwakungelona enhle. Abacwaningi Nganquma ukufuna umfanekiso umculi ukudwetshwa yakhe. Othile bembone ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-Kristu phambi kukaPilatu, umuntu embona ngomfanekiso knight. Elilinganiswayo portrait kungenzeka ngesikhathi Umfanekiso "Isimangaliso sokuvuswa kulo mfana."

Yokuqala engu-30

Le nkathi emphilweni umdali, ngeshwa, akwaziwa. Nokho, kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi Simone wazalwa ngo Siena. Uyise wayengumGreki plasterer zendawo, owabhala ngendwangu for yasezindongeni. Cishe, yilokhu wahola umculi ubungcweti esizayo.

Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi umfana wafunda art studio ka Duccio, kodwa udumo ifikile umdali ngemva kokudala "Maesty". ngonyaka Manje eyaziwayo kushicilelwe lesi ngendwangu - 1315 th. Le datha itholakala ku isimo Umfanekiso. Nakuba, uma lowo msebenzi ngaphambilini kuhulumeni edolobheni, bese kusobala ukuthi umdwebi kakade wayesaziwa ezinhle. "Maesta" esezinzile Palazzo Pubblico. Ukuhlobisa kule ndawo zazikhokhelwa kuphela ziyinkosi esivelele izikebhe wakhe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umdwebi abasebenza izingoma zakhe, wafuna ukubonisa yonke zemvelo kakhulu futhi ubhekane namaqiniso. Lokhu amathuba ukuthi bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba sengamukele enye i-oda kusukela iziphathimandla zedolobha ukuyichazela inqaba, waya lapho nje ukubona ngamehlo ayo into yobuciko, kodwa futhi bazizwa emkhathini we impi nokunqoba. Khona-ke uSamuweli wahlanganisa inceku yakhe, kanye nehhashi waqhubeka nohambo. kamuva mural ibekwe ehholo Mappomondo kakade 1331. Ngubani ujwayelene umkhiqizo kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kubhekwa ukuba kubhubhe namunye, kodwa abacwaningi banethemba gubadlela ukubukeka kwakhe.

amaqiniso

Ababona, ngeshwa, kancane. Ukuzama kabusha empilweni Simone Martini, ungakwazi bazithole idatha ukuqinisekiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi umdwebi wahambela Assisi. Futhi lokhu kwaba ngo 1310-yalolucwaningo. Kube wayifeza umsebenzi, ehlobisa indlu yesonto San Francesco namabala nengilazi amafasitela. Kamuva, edala lapha kanye nemidwebo.

Kunemibiko ukuthi uMartin wayelele ngesikhathi esithile e-Naples, nakuba bungekho ubufakazi obubhalwe lokhu. uhambo lwakhe edolobheni laseNaples ehlangene oda altare yokudumisa nokunxusa Lyudovika Tuluzskogo.

isitayela

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, abacwaningi baye bakwazi ukuthola iqoqo elikhulu imidwebo zokhuni, okuyinto ikuvumela ukulandelela izinguquko umsebenzi Simone. I esemathuneni akudala, okuyinto enziwa Assisi, waba izici protodzhottistskie eyinqaba, kodwa umsebenzi kwenziwa kamuva endowed isitayela gotiziruyuschim. Kugcine Ngishintshe hhayi kuphela umthamo, kodwa ingemuva futhi umugqa imisebenzi.

Ngu umsebenzi kulokhu kungaba ngokuphepha kuchasiselwe ezimbili polyptych nesonto Santa Catarina futhi egcina amagugu esizwe e Orvieto. Nakuba abacwaningi ngokuphindiwe kwenziwe ukuhlaziya yesitayela okhombisa ukuthi yokugcina libhekisela polyptych 1320 th ngonyaka. By the way, ubunkimbinkimbi cwaningo yalo msebenzi khona ngoba Umbhalo owatholakala abasizi eziningana ekudalweni kwalo mkhiqizo.

ukuvivinya

Edolobheni kwakukhona imibhalo nolwazi mayelana izinkokhelo umdwebi. Futhi iholo yayikhishwe njalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngo umculi Siena wasebenza ngempela ngenkuthalo. Ngokushesha enikeziwe umsebenzi okuyiwona Martini wayethole imali, futhi kunzima ukukhomba, njengoba abanye beye bakholelwa nhlobo.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi Simone ithole izimali sokuchitshiyelwa indalo yayo siqu "Maesta". Iqiniso ukuthi Umfanekiso ziye zonakala ngenxa amanzi seepage. Futhi, umculi wathola izimali ngenxa yesiphambano Ngesineke, okuyinto wayemiselwe ukuba uqede enye umdali. Njalo 1322, Martin wathola imali ngomsebenzi owenziwa yi-Palazzo Pubblico.

ukuphila Siqu

Umshado umdali Italian kwenzeka ngo 1324. lover yakhe yaba Giovanna, indodakazi Filippuchcho. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi umshado kwaba enhle kakhulu, njengoba Martini wathola imali eningi ngomsebenzi wabo. Ubufakazi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi komshado, wathenga indlu ngumkayo esizayo. Futhi isipho esinjalo wandizisa imali eningi, wakhokha 220 igolide florins (futhi kwaba kathathu njengoba eningi yaleyo mali ukuthi wathola umsebenzi wakhe kamnandi nomphathi isithombe inqaba).

isipho esinjalo kungenzeka ibhekwe njengomkhuba ukwazisa wokupha. Phela, ngaleso sikhathi umdwebi kwaba kakade engu-40 ubudala kanye nengoduso yakhe kwaba kakhulu JNA. Simone wazizwa sibophekile ukubonga intombazane ukuthi wayevumile ayoshada nendoda Homely abaneminyaka. Ngu umshado, umculi wakwazi ukuqala ubuhlobo obuseduze umndeni Lippo, abakwazi ukuba ngikhuthazele kuze kube sekupheleni lokusungula Martini. Ukubonakaliswa esicace lokhu obumbene ubuhlobo izihlobo lomkakhe umkhiqizo "Annunciation we Uffizi", lapho izici evelele of Lippo umndeni.

umsebenzi Umkhaya

Lapho eseshadile umculi baqhubeka nomsebenzi asebenzayo bebheke lokusungula. Ngo 1326, wadala web esikhulu, okungekho kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi "omuhle kakhulu", futhi imali ngoba lalikufanelekela. Ngonyaka owalandela wabhala incwadi wadala Umdwebo we amabhanela ezimbili zazo, ngeshwa, esikhathini sethu ungazange ngasinda. Bakhandwa enikelwe indodana kaJehoramu inkosi Robert.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1320 sika edala imisebenzi emibili, okuyinto Uphinde abhekwe elahlekile. Eyokuqala Sizokwenza izingelosi ezimbili, futhi lenziwe Palazzo Pubblico futhi ukusebenza Olwesibili lwakhombisa ihlongandlebe Marco Regoli futhi yafakwa ihholo we isigungu sabefundisi.

France

Avignon, idolobha elincane Provence, ngesikhathi, waba kwamasiko ubuciko isikhungo emhlabeni. Lapha babuthana abaculi kulo lonke elaseYurophu, waletha umsebenzi wakhe futhi wonke workshop. Ngo 1336 ngathola lapha Simone. Lapha indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini, lapho Martini wazama babe seduze "abantu abade". Wenza kanjalo ngezithukuthuku art yakhe, enifeza oda namagunya aphakeme.

Ngeshwa, ulwazi mayelana umsebenzi Martini eFrance kancane kakhulu. Kukhona izincwadi ezisemthethweni ezibonisa ukuthi ukhombise sokuma mathupha we umdali. Wakhuthaza ngufakazi ibhizinisi eziqashisayo, wayebuye abe ilungu ukuba impikiswano zomthetho.

On the imisebenzi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kwafumaniseka ukuthi babe yizinkulungwane ezikhaleni ezincane Notre-Dame-de-Dome, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi umculi wayebe nesandla kuleli frontispiece yombhalo we-of Virgil, okuyinto ngaphambi yayibuswa Petrarch. Yaziwa yokudweba esithi "Umkhaya Ongcwele", etholakala Liverpool.

ukufa

Njengoba yaziwa, umdwebi washona ngo 1344. nezilima akwaziwa "ukugula okungathí sina" yakhe. Italian waqaphela ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwase kuseduze, futhi ngakho ezimbalwa izinsuku ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wenza intando lapho impahla yakhe yonke ihlukaniswe kwezihlobo yomkakhe. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wabonwa ngabantu wokulungisa izivumelwano Florence - Galgani.

"Annunciation"

Simone Martini isithombe "Annunciation" yasungulwa ngo 1333. Umdwebi yawudala-altare Ansan, esemgwaqweni Siena. Ingemuva mural igolide elifanekisela esibhakabhakeni kanye ngal kaMariya neqondayo futhi abushelelezi. Ingelosi Eyinhloko Gabriel ibonakala ngendwangu sibalo asebenzayo, izingubo zakhe ezakhiwa, futhi amaphiko bathole isimo ezindizayo. Incazelo (Simone Martini "Annunciation") ayinakho imfihlakalo, futhi ezinye puzzle. Isithombe lidlulisela into ethambile kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo elikhanyayo futhi saphezulu.

Izithombe bungabonakala phezu mural, ezingaqondakali. isiqeshana ngawodwana like crystal, kuba buyinto ebucayi kakhulu ethereal. Saints Ansan futhi Yulitta, kunalokho, zaphumela mikhulu futhi ubhekane namaqiniso.

"Madonna"

Okunye okuphawulekayo yilokho umkhiqizo "Madonna". Simone Martini wadala Indwangu okungavamile, okuyinto abaningi kuchasiselwe yona enkathini yokugcina lokusungula, ukhulile. Isici kwephethini umdali ingemuva igolide nge anemibala obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imigqa elithambile, imigqa nenhle sibalo kaMariya. Umfanekiso aye wasigcina izici isitayela Gothic, owawungumnyaka nobuntu umdwebi esikhathini ngasekupheleni yomsebenzi wakhe.

Lo msebenzi isithandwa abalandeli abaningi umbhali yena - Simone Martini. Hermitage isibe endlini yengcebo ukuthi njengoba 1911 izitolo umkhiqizo ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo.

indalo angeziwe

Umdwebo adume kakhulu Simone Martini - "Maesta". Cishe kwaba umsebenzi wokuqala ezinkulu umdali. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le wobuciko sidalwe bedle Duccio. Le filimu has ezinye izici eqondile kakhulu ukuthi kungenziwa ayitholakalanga Duccio. Phakathi kwabo, ukushintsha imibala, bobunjwa imigqa.

Kuyaphawuleka khona eqoqweni emhlabeni emidwebo Simone Martini, "Portrait Laura." Lo msebenzi uye enikelwe nezinye abaculi Petrarch, wayala isithombe othandekayo wakhe.

Kuningi okungase kushiwo mayelana nalo mculi. Ukudala Simone Martini uma akwaziwa kuze kube sekupheleni, kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ukuyichaza, kusasele acacile engavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo abathandi yobuciko Italy. Umdwebi wenze "isipho" olukhulu isiko emhlabeni, futhi imisebenzi yakhe lalilokhu izici yobuciko esisobala Martini.