Nezindaba ihlathi - Kwamahlathi. Kwamahlathi - izinkinga zemvelo. Ihlathi - amaphaphu iplanethi

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi ukhulume emiphumeleni elimazayo ushintsho zobuchwepheshe emvelweni. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, encibilika ice, ukunciphisa izinga lamanzi okuphuza nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuphileni kwabantu. Zemvelo emhlabeni isikhathi eside okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi mayelana nokungcoliswa nokubhujiswa nemvelo. Omunye ezinkulu izinkinga zemvelo kuyinto ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. izinkinga Ihlathi kungabonwa ikakhulukazi emazweni ophucuzekile. Zemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuholela nemiphumela eminingi emibi Umhlaba futhi abantu. Ngaphandle amahlathi akuyikubakho eziphilayo emhlabeni, kubalulekile ukuqonda abanethonya nokongiwa yabo. Nokho, ukhuni Sekuyisikhathi eside lezimpahla ukuthi kuyabiza. Futhi ngakho inkinga kangako ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kufinyelelwa nge nobunzima ezinjalo. Mhlawumbe abantu nje abaqapheli ukuthi ukuphila kwabo yonke kuncike kule-ecosystem. Nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside zonke ohlonishwayo ehlathini, ngokuvamile wasinikeza umsebenzi imilingo. Wayengumuntu umondli futhi anikeza ukuphila namandla emvelo samuntu. Wamthanda, izihlahla luphathwe ngokunakekela, futhi basabela okhokho bethu e okufanayo.

Amahlathi planethi

Kuwo wonke amazwe, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kwenziwe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. inkinga ihlathi wukuthi ngokubhujiswa izihlahla wabulala kwezinhlobo eziningi ngaphezulu zezitshalo nezilwane. Siyabhubha ukuzinza kwemvelo emvelweni. Ngemva ihlathi - akusiwona nje izihlahla. Lokhu-ecosystem obunobunye esekelwe nokuxhumana kwezinhlobo eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu izihlahla, kubaluleke kakhulu e ukhona ube nezihlahla, izitshalo herbaceous, ulele, izinambuzane, izilwane ngisho nezilwanyana ezincane. Naphezu kwamahlathi nokuklaba mass, namanje amahlathi angaba ngu-30% of the ndawo. Lena angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 4 amahektha umhlaba. Abangaphezu kwesigamu kubo - kungcono ese. Nokho, okubaluleke kakhulu emvelweni iplanethi adlala kahle nasenyakatho, afanayo coniferous ikakhulukazi. Izwe abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni by zasemazweni - kuyinto Finland nase-Canada. ERussia kukhona mayelana 25% ihlathi izinqolobane emhlabeni. Kulazo zonke izihlahla asele e-Europe. amahlathi manje hlala kuphela yesithathu insimu yalo, nakuba ezikhathini zasendulo ngokupheleleyo dibikeza izihlahla. Futhi, isibonelo, England zicishe zakhubeka, 6% kuphela izwe elanikezwa phezu emapaki futhi emasimini.

ese

Akulesi ezingaphezu kwesigamu insimu ka emasimini oluhlaza. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi kukhona ezungeze 80% zezilwane ezingaba abulawe ngaphandle semvelo evamile. Nokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo manje ngesivinini esikhulu. Kwezinye izifunda, ezifana eNtshonalanga Afrika noma Madagascar, kakade ilahlekelwe% ezingaba ngu-90 ehlathini. Inhlekelele Isimo eNingizimu Melika, lapho abangaphezu kuka-40% bagawula izihlahla. Inkinga imvula - akusiwona nje emazweni lapho ukuthi akuphi. Ukubhujiswa ibutho elikhulu ezifana enhlekeleleni kwemvelo. Phela, kunzima ukuhlola indima eyadlalwa amahlathi emphilweni isintu. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi.

Inani kwamahlathi

1. Linikeza esintwini nomoya-mpilo. Kuyinto akukho ngozi bathi ihlathi - amaphaphu iplanethi. Futhi hhayi kuphela ukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, kodwa futhi ubamba ezinye amakhemikhali angcolise, ehlambulula emoyeni. ecosystem Ngokuhlakanipha ihlelwe aqoqana carbon, kubalulekile nokuba khona kokuphila emhlabeni. Iphinde kusiza ukuvimbela kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini, okuyinto esongelwa nemvelo.
2. Leli hlathi ivikela ezizungezile kusukela strong okushisa, ebusuku yesithwathwa, okuyinto kahle kuthinta isimo wezolimo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi isimo sezulu onomoya omnene lapho iningi endaweni igcwele izihlahla.
3. Ihlathi Izinzuzo isivuno siba namanje iqiniso ukuthi kuvikele umhlabathi kokuba zakhukhula ngumoya drift, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye mudflows. Territory, izihlahla yene, ukuvimbela isihlabathi yokungena.
4. Izinkuni udlala indima ebalulekile umjikelezo wamanzi. It hhayi kuphela ukuhlunga ke awagcine emhlabathini, kodwa futhi kukusiza entwasahlobo ngesikhathi izikhukhula ogcwele amanzi nemifula, ekuvimbeleni waterlogging izindawo. Leli hlathi lisiza ekulondolozeni ezingeni komhlaba iphinde ivimbele izikhukhula. Absorption umswakama kusukela ezimpandeni kwenhlabathi futhi olunzulu ukuhwamuka kukushiya kusiza ukugwema nesomiso.

Ukusetshenziswa amahlathi nokulolonga womuntu

izindawo Green ibalulekile ngoba umuntu, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa elawula umjikelezo wamanzi futhi unikeze zonke izinto eziphilayo ne-oksijini. Ehlathini kukhona yikhulu izihlahla zezithelo kanye berry nezihlahla, kanye amantongomane, ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-amakhambi ezidliwayo kanye okwelapha kanye amakhowe. Kukhona ikhiqizwa sebuningini izilwane, isib Sable, a marten, grouse noma amaprotheni. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke umuntu udinga ukuba kube izinkuni. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kukhona ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi. inkinga ihlathi wukuthi wonke ecosystem liyabhubha ngokuswela izihlahla. Ngakho kungani umuntu uyaludinga ugodo?

1. Okokuqala, it is impela ukwakha. Ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube manje cishe zonke izindlu emizaneni eSiberia, ezakhiwe ngokhuni. Naphezu ukuvela zakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje, luwela the best. Izinkuni futhi azenzele ifenisha ephambili, flooring, amafasitela nezicabha bengena.
2. Izinkuni kuhileleke kakhulu embonini ujantshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho iningi belele ezenziwe kwalo, isetshenziswa ukwenza izimoto amabhuloho.
3. Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe okungcono izinkuni impahla e shipbuilding.
4. Izinkuni futhi zibalulekile embonini chemical: therefrom ukwenza turpentine, acetone, uviniga, iraba, utshwala, umquba, plastic. It is lisetshenziswe ukushuka kanye ukudaya izimboni.
5. Ukuze emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kwesihlahla - indaba kuphela ukukhiqizwa ephepheni. Manje-ke ngonyaka ushiye amashumi ezigidi cubic metres.
6. Inani elikhulu izinkuni isasetshenziswa njengoba nophethiloli.
7. Sekukonke ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 izinto zabantu ezibalulekile ezenziwe ngokhuni. Ngokwesibonelo, izindwangu, amathoyizi, zomculo noma izinto zemidlalo.

Kwamahlathi

kuphakama izinkinga Ihlathi uma kunganqandwa, ngokuvamile ngokungemthetho. Phela, sekuyisikhathi eside ogawulelwé ngayo phansi amahlathi. Futhi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu yazo zonke izihlahla kwanyamalala ebusweni Zomhlaba iminyaka 10,000 yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani. Ikakhulukazi eziningi steel agawule ihlathi Ephakathi, lapho kwakudingeka isikhala bayanda ukuze kwakhiwe yokulima. Futhi manje njalo ngonyaka wabhubhisa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-13-hectare ihlathi, futhi cishe ingxenye kubo - izindawo lapho wayengakaze kwenzeka ngaphambili. Kungani bagawule ihlathi?

• ukwenza indlela ukwakhiwa (for the labantu elikhulayo Umhlaba liyadingeka ukwakha imizi emisha);
• njengoba nasendulo, lapho nquma izinkuni slash futhi bashise ukulima, ukukhulula isikhala ukulima;
• ukuthuthukiswa imfuyo kudinga isikhala esengeziwe ziklabe;
• amahlathi ngokuvamile liphazamisane isizinda amaminerali, kudingekile kangaka abantu ukuba entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe;
• futhi ekugcineni, izinkuni manje - abe ukudla okubalulekile kakhulu, lisetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi.

Yikuphi izinkuni kungenziwa bagawula

Sekuyisikhathi eside ukunyamalala amahlathi uye yabakhanga ososayensi. Okunye uthi uzama ngandlela-thile lokulawula le nqubo. Wonke amahlathi aseduze ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. ukuzisika ezinqatshelwe. Lawa amahlathi, okuyinto abaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwemvelo emhlabeni. Zifeza ukongiwa noma umsebenzi pochvoohrannye amanzi. Ngokuvamile, lezi amahlathi avikelekile futhi ngingene zigcine ahlukahlukene, amapaki kazwelonke kanye nezindawo zokulondoloza imvelo. Ukuze cutting of izihlahla ehlathini sihlinzekela necala lobugebengu.
2. Amahlathi operation Limited. Basuke etholakala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, futhi imisebenzi ebalulekile. Nakuba lena indawo lapho kuvunyelwe kwamahlathi nokuklaba esinqunyiwe. Inkinga kwemvelo Kuvezwe ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindawo ngokuvamile Bavunwa ukhuni ukuyichaza. Ngaphandle ukugawula kuvunyelwe, ezifana injongo enelanga, ekubhubhiseni izinhlobo enempilo owusizo izihlahla ukudayiswa. Ukungena ngemvume okunjalo emthethweni uvame kakhulu eRussia. Inkinga is sahlanganisa yokuthi ihlathi yethu kakhulu ukuba khona phesheya, futhi ngaye ukukhokha imali eningi.
3. amahlathi Production, batshala ngqo izinkuni. Basuke usike ngokuphelele, bese batshala futhi.

Amafomu kwamahlathi

Ngo uthi iningi, nezindaba ihlathi ekhathaza ososayensi abaningi kanye nabamele uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, ezingeni umthetho, kukhona imvume elinganiselwe. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngokungemthetho. Futhi nakuba kubhekwa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho yisigwebo imali eshisiwe noma aboshwe, ezibulala uyaca kwamahlathi ukuze uthole inzuzo usakhula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi eRussia cishe 80% eyenziwa ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhuni ikakhulukazi ithengiswe phesheya. Futhi ziyini izinhlobo egawula kuthiwa olusemthethweni?

1. Okubizwa ngokuthi ukugawula. Kukhishwe ngesikhathi esifanayo "ihlathi ezivuthiwe ', izihlahla esiyigugu osidingayo ekhaya ukuze umkhakha nokwakhiwa. Lokhu gumbi siqinile (okungaba kwenziwe kuphela ehlathini ubudala), izibonelo zalokho (lapho ochwepheshe, yini izihlahla kungenziwa bagawula) futhi kwenzeka kancane kancane.
2. Thinning izitshalo. Kulokhu, izihlahla beya bafa phansi, ekuvimbeleni ukukhula zezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile. izitshalo Young ngokuvamile uyawasebenzisa kude nezinye izihlahla izakhi kanye umswakama.
3. ukuzisika Uxhumano lapho iyiphi isayithi nhlobo izimila. Lokhu kungadingeka ngesikhathi kwakhiwa futhi ebeka kwemigwaqo, izintambo zikagesi, noma uma udinga indawo ukuba benze kanjalo nedlelo namasimu.
4. Kutfutfwa kwemangcoliso ukusika umonakalo okungenani ehlathini. Kunalokho, ke uphulukisa. Kulokhu, wagawula izitshalo abagulayo futhi ezilimele kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo ehlaselwe umlilo, esilimele noma okunobuthi isiphepho ukhunta.

Yimuphi umonakalo obangelwa enza ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi

Inkinga emvelweni ukunyamalala okuthiwa "amaphaphu" planethi isivele ezikhathaza abaningi. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kusondele wehlise zigcine umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kunjalo, kodwa akuyona inkinga enkulu. Yashaya esikalini manje ukuthi yamukelwe ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Stock forestlands wangaphambili satellite kuyasiza ngeso lengqondo lesi simo. Yini kungaholelaphi:

• okonakele ihlathi-ecosystem, zinyamalale, izinhlobo eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene;
• kuncishiswe inani ukhuni isitshalo ukwehluka kuholela Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine izinga lokuphila kubantu abaningi;
• It kwandisa umthamo carbon dioxide, okuholela Isivuvu;
• izihlahla eside ukuvikela umhlabathi (ungqimba elution phezulu kuholela ekwakhekeni nemihosha, ukwehlisa izinga komhlaba imbangela ezingwadule);
• umswakama inyuka, ngenxa okuyinto akhiwa emaxhaphozini;
• ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukunyamalala izihlahla emithambekeni okuholela ngokushesha ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá.

Ngokusho izibalo abacwaningi ', ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuletha ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke esibalelwa 5 izindodla zezimali unyaka ngamunye.

Njengoba amahlathi ziyasuswa?

kuyinto kwamahlathi nokuklaba kanjani? Photo endaweni lapho egawula senzeka muva nje, kuyinto ukubukeka ebukekayo: nqunu endaweni, cishe elingenalo uhlaza, iziphunzi, izindawo ebasa wamzalela inhlabathi emapheshana. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ngokuthi "ukusika" walondoloza kusukela izikhathi lapho izihlahla bagawula ngembazo. Manje, lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa chainsaws. Ngemva isihlahla, yawa phansi emhlabathini, sinqunyiwe nemilenze bese ishiswa. isiqu Bare cishe ngokushesha uyasuswa. Futhi ukulihambisa isikhala zokuthutha zazikhishwa, i-trailer ugandaganda. Ngakho-ke, ngokombono womuntu, iviyo asele zomhlaba angenalutho nge ziklebhukile futhi wabhubhisa izimila esinindolweni. Ngakho Silahle amahlumela amasha, okungase ngivuselele ihlathi. Kuleli qophelo iphazamiseke ngokuphelele ukuzinza kwemvelo futhi udale nezinye izimo ezimileni.

Kwenzekani ngemva ukugawula

On the evulekile izimo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Ngakho ihlathi entsha likhula kuphela lapho endaweni cutting ingenkulu kakhulu. Yini evimbela ukuba izitshalo abasha ngokuqina:

• Ukushintsha amazinga okukhanya. Labo izitshalo esinindolweni ukuthi nisaphila izithunzi, afe.
• Enye lokushisa. Ngaphandle kwesivikelo izihlahla kukhona ukuguquguquka elibukhali okushisa, njalo ebusuku yesithwathwa. Iphinde kuholela kokufa izitshalo eziningi.
• Ukwanda umswakama kungaholela waterlogging. Kwavunguza umoya omkhulu, uthule umswakama amaqabunga ukukhula abasha ayikuvumeli ukuba zihlakulele evamile.
• I lilokhu libuna we izimpande kanye noqhekeko yehlathi udoti ukukhulula eziningi nitrogen avundisa umhlabathi. Kodwa bazizwa kungcono lezo zitshalo ukuthi kudingeka namaminerali nje enjalo. Indlela esheshayo ezivulekile sikhule raspberry noma rose-evuthiwe amahlumela birch noma willow. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi lezihlahla kuyashesha, uma umuntu kungaphazamisi kule nqubo. Kodwa emva ukusika AmaConifers sikhule ezimbi kakhulu, ngoba ukukhiqiza kabusha by imbewu, okuyiwona azikho kwezimo ezivamile wentuthuko. Lezi imiphumela emibi babe ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga - kuyini?

Ikheli ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi

Ezemvelo zisikisele izindlela eziningi ukuze ulondoloze amahlathi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• aphuma ephepheni ukuze electronic, amaphepha asesebenzile futhi ehlukile imfucuza ukuqoqwa kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa izinkuni ukukhiqizwa iphepha;
• ukusungulwa ihlathi amapulazi, okuzokwenziwa izihlahla zezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile ukhulile, ezincane isikhathi ekhula ngayo;
• kuvinjelwe ukugawula ezindaweni ezivikelekile kanye nesijeziso saso;
• ziyanda nokukhishwa ukhuni phesheya intela uhulumeni ukuthi enze kungazuzisi.

Kwamahlathi ayikahlanganiswa sikhathalele kumuntu ovamile. Nokho, izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nale. Lapho bonke abantu ngeke baqonde ukuthi ehlathini ibanikeze ukuphila okuvamile, mhlawumbe beyakugcina ngaphezulu kanye nemithi. Umuntu ngamunye kungaba nomthelela imvuselelo kwamahlathi emhlabeni ukuthi nakanjani bayotshala isihlahla okungenani oyedwa.