Cyclamen: lapho kwazalelwa khona isitshalo. Cyclamen: izinhlobo, ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya

Uma ufuna into engavamile futhi elikhanyayo kakhulu efulethini noma indlu, kufanele ukhethe i-lesi sitshalo ukuthi ine izimbali elimnandi amahle - Cyclamen. Indlela uyabanakekela futhi kanjani nokuzala - umbuzo akuyona oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa kudinga umzamo. Uma ufuna ukubona oluhlaza unyaka wonke, kuba letemukelekile Cyclamen European, uma izimbali elikhanyayo futhi uchichima, umPheresiya. Kulesi futhi kwelinye icala, ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi ezikhulayo hhayi umtshali abanolwazi kakhulu. Ngaphezu izimfanelo okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlobisa, sici for Cyclamen kanye ayelapha. Ukusetshenziswa Its kwezokwelapha luqhutshwa kusukela esikhathini sikaHippocrates. Cyclamen imbali ubizwa nangokuthi iNkosi uSolomoni. Ngokusho yetinsita wanqikaza isikhathi eside, indlela ukukhetha ifomu umqhele wakhe. ongakhetha Abaningi baye bazama kodwa ngengozi phambi iso sombusi uvele Cyclamen nesizotha, eyithandayo ziyahlanya, okungukuthi uhlobo imbali futhi uSolomoni yamnika ntandokazi.

zinhlobo

Cyclamen Indoor is owned, njengoba umthetho, ingenye kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile: Persian noma European. Zombili zingezakhe zokuhlobisa kakhulu, kodwa kukhona ukuhluka kuzo zombili ukubukeka futhi indlela yokutshala Cyclamen. Persian ngezinye izikhathi okubhekiselwa kuzo violets njengoba alpine. He is nenhle kakhulu, kuba izimbali zokuhlobisa hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi eshiya. Lesi sitshalo unesikhathi ithule. Lungafinyelela enkulu ngokwanele ukuba indlu isitshalo osayizi - ngamasentimitha 30 ukuphakama. He is okuvela kuso iningi zinhlobo lanamuhla.

Kulula igumbi isiko Cyclamen European. Ebusika, awusebenzi bechitha amaqabunga awo bese igcina imifino unyaka wonke. Kodwa ubukhulu lincane kakhulu, izimbali Zinhle ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvamile Pinkish ngombala futhi ezicashile iphunga elimnandi. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene Isiza labo nje ekuqaleni ubungane Cyclamen. Kulula ukuba sikhule futhi aqine, kungazelelwe uma wadala izimo ngeke silingane. Beyond lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kukhona enye - a eCaucasus Cyclamen, kodwa ukumhlangabeza ezindlini zethu - siyindlala. Sikhula on the nasemithambekeni yezintaba, lezi zimbali ziba mhlophe noma pink okhanyayo ngezinye izikhathi. Libhekisela izitshalo zakuqala-izimbali futhi uyajabula ezinemibala egqamile kusukela ngoFebhuwari, ngokushesha nje lapho ziqala ukuvela nezimagqabhagqabha lokuqala incibilikiswa.

Impande, njengoba kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo, kuyinto tuber oyindilinga. Ngokuyisisekelo isetshenziswa ekhaya njengoba isitshalo engadini, primrose. Cyclamen Caucasian ezisohlwini Red Encwadi Russia njengoba lwezilwane ezisengozini, ogama inombolo Kancani kancani kuncipha.

Cyclamen: okwazalelwa kuyo izitshalo

Kungaba ngokuphepha ubizwe amaphuzu amane emhlabeni futhi ukusabalala kusukela le mbali: Malaya Aziya, Iran, eYurophu Ephakathi futhi iMedithera. Le ndawo zokukhula libanzi impela, likhula yasehlanzeni, ehlathini. Ngenxa izitshalo engadini kwamasiko Cyclamen okukhulunywe ngawo-1731, kodwa udumo omkhulu eqala ukuthenga kuphela uma uxhumeke kunjalo abalimi. Ukudala ezihlukahlukene emangalisa nge terry enkulu, noma izimbali okulula imibala ehlukene, basuke kuvikelwe unaphakade udumo. Ezitolo yethu ikakhulukazi luvame Cyclamen WasePheresiya. Ezweni izitshalo - Malaya Aziya naseGrisi, lapho likhula i ekhanyayo entwasahlobo, ungakwazi ukuza ngaphesheya lonke amasimu, elimnandi iphunga eqinile kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ke blooms azungeze Christmas, eYurophu Simila ngezinga ezimbonini, ikakhulukazi eJalimane, eHolland, Italy naseFrance. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela njengoba unesitshalo, kodwa futhi ngoba loggias, Patios kanye izingadi. Kodwa wakhe, Cyclamen eduze European (lapho kwazalelwa khona isitshalo - eYurophu Ephakathi) akuyona njengoba kuvamile. Nakuba kulula ukhule.

Beka endlini futhi izibani

Nakuba endaweni okwazalelwa Igumbi Cyclamen - climes ukufudumala iMedithera, wayesalokhu ukhetha udlulele ukukhanya, ngaphandle ukuchayeka ngqo yelanga. Uma ubekwa phansi, khona-ke kungenzeka ulahleke zibukeke, ngakho indawo engcono ukuba amafasitela entshonalanga nasempumalanga endlini noma ekhethekile imbali Racks endaweni kancane ukubopha. Cyclamen Indoor kuyinto ngikhetha ngokweqile kakhulu umbuso lokushisa. Lona sici yakhe futhi omunye ezicashile ezikhulayo. lokushisa ehlobo kumele abe phakathi 18-25 degrees kanye ebusika elilungile kanye evumayo - 10. Ukwehluleka yalezi zimo kungaholela yokuthi Cyclamen umane phezani imbali noma ngokuvamile ziyafa.

Ngokusho ezimfundisweni Feng Shui, lesi sitshalo kunomthelela kuqiniswa amandla endlini noma efulethini, iletha umuzwa wokuba yingxenye yomphakathi kanye onobunye. Njalo kuzuba isimo noma ukucindezeleka, ngokusho kongoti emkhakheni, kubuye kube kuncike. Cyclamen kutsikamete oseqenjini yokusebenza umoya kuyo, ngoba kuyoba indlela engcono ehhovisi. Uma ufuna ukuletha umuzwa ezicacile empilweni yakho, uncamela elikhanyayo njengegazi Cyclamen, ukuqomisana, khetha olumhlophe noma olubomvu.

Yini ukulungiselela phansi?

Uma uthenga umhlabathi ngomumo eyenziwe ke kuyovela akukho nobunzima. Uma kukhona isifiso ukupheka ngokwakho, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele amaphuzu ezibalulekile eziningana. Igumbi Homeland Cyclamen inquma ukubukeka kwaso, futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha inhlabathi. Ukuze Persian, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukulungiselela phansi ishidi, phansi Turf, humus nesihlabathi ngezabelo alinganayo. Kuyazuzisa kakhulu kwalokho lime ochotshoziwe itshe noma esincane (1 okuyingxenye) kanye Peat.

A kuyiwa Ukwakheka ratio izingxenye ezidingwa i Cyclamen European. izitshalo Homeland - Ezimfundeni eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuze liphume igazi ezinhle, futhi kangcono inhlanganisela Turf, amaqabunga umhlabathi, humus, Peat nesihlabathi ku isilinganiso 2: 2: 2: 2: 1. Soil ingxube kumele calcined noma steamed kuhhavini ukuvimbela ukuvela izifo ezihlukahlukene futhi izinambuzane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuze ungeze 1 kg eseqedile phansi superphosphate (1 g), umanyolo phosphate (4 g), ammonium nitrate (0.4 g). Cyclamen ekhaya akudingi webhodwe, kungcono ukuba ukhethe engajulile, nge ububanzi 10-15 cm.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu iyona lokutshala ukujula. I Cyclamen European izimpande zikhule kulo obungazungeza tuber, ukuze ukwazi ukubeka ngokuphephile ngokuphelele walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. Kodwa congener yakhe Persian kungcono ukushiya tip phezu kwenhlabathi.

European Cyclamen ukufakelwa hhayi kaningi kakhulu udinga. Uma ibhodwe elikhulu, kungase ukubola noma, kakhulu, uzoma eziqhakaza. zezinhlobo ezinkulu ziyashintsha imbiza (1-2 cm eziningi kunezokuqala) kanye eminyakeni 2-4.

Amanzi umbuso

Umbuzo kanjani ukuze aphuzise Cyclamen kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhambisana umbuso amanzi - ke kuyigxathu empikiswaneni kulinywe. Lesi sitshalo at okushisa aphansi (10-15 degrees) akudingeki umswakama high, ngakho-ke ngeke bakhululeke ngokwanele, ngakho akudingeki ukuba wafutha. Lokhu kuphela edingekayo uma ekamelweni hot. Yilokho nje akudingekile fafaza isitshalo ngokwaso futhi emoyeni ezungeze ke ukuvimbela umswakama zingangeni amahlamvu noma tuber projecting. Noma-ke kuyadingeka ukubeka imbiza kwi amatshe ezimanzi noma ubumba landiswa isikhashana.

Into yokuqala ukukhumbula lukhula Cyclamen ekhaya - akakubekezeleli umswakama ngokweqile. Ukunisela kufanele niqaphele kakhulu, kodwa luningi ngesikhathi izimbali, omiswe ikhoma zobumba ngeke nakancane sihambisane nakho. Amanzi akufanele iwe on the amaqabunga kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ikakhulukazi, kungaholela impande bola. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuba amanzi eduze nonqenqema ibhodwe lapho imbali ikhula. Kusetjentiswa kahle amanzi ncibilikisa, uma uthatha empompini ke ngaphambi ukuchelela Cyclamen, udinga ukunikeza lona ukuze axazulule. Isikhathi kudinga okungenani amahora angu-12.

umquba

Cyclamen fed ekhaya kuyadingeka ngenkathi esebenzayo ezikhulayo, lapho ukukhula okukhulu iqala, kwakhiwa efihlekile. Akubalulekile ukudicilela Umanyolo nje wathenga esitolo imbali, wasiqashisa acclimate kuqala futhi ukujwayela izimo ezintsha. Imvamisa - kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Umquba kungenzeka organic nokumbiwa. Ngesilinganiso yokugcina bese bagcine ukhethe lezo okuqukethwe chlorine Ingubuncane. Manje ezitolo zingatholakala imbali Umanyolo esikhethekile zezimila ngamunye, bakhetha ibhalansi elilungile kakhulu amaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo, kungcono ukuthenga lezi. Ubuningi akudingekile ukunquma by iso, ngokuvumelana imiyalo. Uma kungenjalo, kungaholela ngokweqile nitrogen enhlabathini, futhi lokho kuyoholela ukuthi uya ozokhula amahlamvu, uma sikubeka kalula, ngeke uqala uyakhile mass oluhlaza, futhi ngeke ubone izimbali.

Cyclamen: indlela yokunakekela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza?

Kubalulekile ukuba balondoloze izinga lokushisa elifanele lomoya egumbini, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 ° C, kodwa hhayi ngezansi 10 ° C - eziqinisekisa i zezimbali obuningi futhi eside. Cyclamens ngalesi sikhathi kudingeka ukuthambisa obuningi, kodwa awukwazi ukugcwalisa. Ngakho-ke, amanzi angadingeki kumelwe likhishelwe kusukela sump emva kwemizuzu 10-15. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha amaqabunga ukususa isikhathi ezomile, kungenjalo kungaholela ukubola. Lapho fade spike, kubalulekile ukususa ngokucophelela ke. Ngenxa yale njongo kubalulekile ukuze uphendukisa kancane bese udonsa.

Isikhathi ukuphumula

It ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva 3-4 izinyanga izimbali obuningi. Futhi lokhu ingenye nezimpendulo embuzweni kungani Cyclamen Ukhala. Okokuqala ayeke yakha efihlekile entsha, bese kancane kancane fade kanti amacembe ukuncipha. Esikhathini Cyclamen Persian okwenzeka ngo-Ephreli, kulokhu kumele kungancipha ukuthambisa. Futhi lapho amaqabunga musa ukuhlala nhlobo, khona-ke udinga kancane ukulondoloza umswakama enhlabathini kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, nge imbiza imbali kufanele kususwe endaweni epholile futhi ukubopha. Emazweni amaningi, umPheresiya Cyclamen isitshalo Simila njengendlela-off omunye, linikezwa ngoKhisimusi noma Unyaka omusha, ke kuyathandeka Sebawoti zezimbali obuningi, futhi ke nje kulahliwe. Futhi lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba ukuthenga esitolo ukuqhakaza Cyclamen Persian, wena cishe ukufeza okufanayo kabusha ukuchichima ekhaya. Bonke etshalwa greenhouse bese ejwayele microclimate zasendlini kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, cabanga indlela yokutshala Cyclamen, ngabe ngibe nesikhathi esanele ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona indawo efanelekayo efulethini. Uma wena uzoyenza, qaphela lapho ukhetha. Kuyadingeka ukuba makudle the cyclamens, abaqala nje eziqhakaza, inhlabathi kumele kube ngokulinganisela amahlamvu olumanzi - ne turgor evamile, izimpande kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa - zimpawu bola futhi umonakalo isinambuzane.

Ngemva kwenkathi lonke Cyclamen Persian emuva ekuphileni ekuqaleni ebusika. Njengoba masinyane njengoba you phawula ukuthi avele amaqabunga, kubalulekile ukuqala inisele isitshalo futhi athuthele endaweni licace.

kabusha Cyclamen

Ungenza lokhu ngezindlela ezimbili: kusuka imbewu nokuhlukana tuber. Indlela yokugcina kuyashaqisa kakhulu isitshalo, okuholela nokusebenza ngendlela ongaphakeme futhi ngakho-ke ngeke neze elake lasetshenziswa ekhaya. Growing Cyclamen kusuka imbewu - ke indlela ekahle esiphelweni, futhi izinhlobo Persian - kuphela esamukelekayo. Uma ukhule ube izinhlobo ezimbalwa, futhi abafisa ukuthola amakhophi ukuthi ayafana kuwo, kungcono ukulahla umbono ekhaya lakho. Imbewu etholwe ekhaya, akunakwenzeka ukuba kugcine izici phenotypic yabazali bazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bonke izitolo isitshalo - a hybrid of isizukulwane sokuqala, ukwanda kwabo okwalandela kuholela izici eqhekeza. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukuthenga imbewu, futhi kuyinto efiselekayo abe umakhi okuthembekile.

Ekutshaleni imbewu Cyclamen kungenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza kanjalo ekuseni entwasahlobo. Sebenzisa ukuthengwa ngomumo eyenziwe, inhlabathi oyinyumba. Imbewu kumele pre-ofakwe isixazululo bio-stimulator yokukhula, ezifana izidakamizwa "Appin", njengoba kulotshiwe yokusetshenziswa. Ibhokisi anidingi ijulile kakhulu. Ezweni ukwakheka anemifantu (1 cm), amanzi ngokucophelela amkhiphe leechki okulungiselelwe imbewu. Khona-ke uvala esitsheni polyethylene opaque, njengoba lokhu kudingekile ukuze ukuhluma kwezinhlobo blackout. Qiniseka ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini, sezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa air - 20 ° C. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba yinyanga emavikini ayisithupha kuyoba amahlumela, kubalulekile ukususa ifilimu bese ukuhambisa ibhokisi endaweni ne ukukhanya okukhulu okusabalele. Lapho lesi sitshalo abasha kuyodingeka amahlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu weqiniso, kubalulekile ukuba ugxumele ebhodweni ehlukile, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga 6-7, utshalwe esitsheni ezinkudlwana ububanzi 8-10 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala Cyclamen kungukuthi igama elithi "ukuphumula", futhi blooms kweminyaka engaba ngu-2. Growing Cyclamen ekhaya kusuka imbewu - kuba impela enzima futhi kudinga indlela olunzulu futhi ngokucophelela.

Primrose engadini

Cyclamen idumile kakhulu njengoba unesitshalo ngokupheleleyo khohlwa njengoba imbali ingadi. Ikhule ngo ekhanyayo kungaba, kodwa namanje lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezifudumele Russia, ubusika bakhona abubandi ehlobo eside. Okungcono kakhulu, yebo, le njongo ngeke akhulume nalowo muntu athi Cyclamen European. Kuyobukeka okukhulu ku-rock izingadi, ekutshaleni iqembu nge crocuses nezinye primrose. Abanye abalimi ochwepheshe uyiphathe sikhule ngisho esifundeni esise-Ural. Uma ufuna ukuhlobisa indawo yakho Cyclamen, kufanele sikhumbule umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa:

• zokutshala indawo kumele bavikelwe okusalungiswa nemvula, isibonelo, ngaphansi kwezihlahla engadini;
• inhlabathi kumele kahle akhanywa, kudlule umswakama, ukugwema amanzi yokujama tsi;
• uma iqhwa kancane ebusika, kufanele kancane Cyclamen fihla amagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele sonwele;
• tuber kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini ngokuphelele, kwasala engu engxenyeni engenhla ngaphezu kwamanzi;
• musa ukushintsha ngokuvamile kakhulu beka izitshalo endaweni, njengoba lokhu kuyoncipha yakhe, zingakhula Cyclamen eside ngokwanele ngaphandle ka zihlalo.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane

izitshalo ngokuvamile abaningi abanalesi sifo nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma fungal kunomthelela ukunakekelwa okungafanele, okuyilezi:

• emoyeni eyomile khulu, umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini, ukukhanyisa abampofu - konke lokhu buthakathaka isimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni;
• ngokungalungile ifaniswe substrate;
• likhulu kakhulu noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebhodweni elincane;
• Umanyolo ngokweqile equkethe nitrogen;
• indawo engafanele efulethini.

Cabanga izifo ezivame kakhulu okukhungethe Cyclamen ekhaya.

1. Ukuswaba. It has a imvelo fungal futhi ngokuyinhloko kuthinta izitsha simila. Ngakho-ke, umlumbanisi kufanele batshele uma amaqabunga baqala phuzi kusukela phezulu futhi yaphela kancane kancane. Plant ungagcina sishaye futhi ayakhala impande ekhethekile izixazululo nesikhunta.
2. isikhunta elimpunga. isizathu sakhe - it is a ukhunta "Botrytis". Ukuthuthukiswa kugqugquzelwa nomswakama eliphezulu futhi umoya abandayo kanye ingress amanzi ngesikhathi ayakhala emaqabungeni isokhethi kanye efihlekile. Cyclamen, ogama isithombe aboniswe ngezansi, eshaywa ukhunta "Botrytis". Lapho kutholakala izimpawu ezifanayo lokugula into yokuqala okumele uyenze - kuyinto ukuhlukanisa isitshalo abangenwe kusukela zezinhlobo enempilo. Eyesibili isinyathelo - susa futhi ulahle izingxenye ezilimele, bese ziphathwe Cyclamen fungicide.
3. Anthracnose. Lesi sifo fungal, ngokuphambene, kwenzeka ezindaweni efudumele futhi umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini. It uqala amaqabunga imbali umoba, bese wonke Cyclamen. Photo libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukuqhakaza efihlekile ezilimele balahlekelwa okwakhiwe ngakho, kanti amacembe ukuncipha.
4. Of izinambuzane kufanele aphid, thrips kanye Cyclamen olwenziwa kuphawulwe. Uma kuqala izinambuzane ezimbili kungabonwa ukuhlolisisa, lona wamuva - ungapheli. Cyclamen olwenziwa lincane kakhulu, bayaqonda ukuthi lesi sitshalo itheleleke kungaba ngezizathu eziningana: iphuzu ethintekile yokukhula, emaphakathi Isiqu leaf iba lwalugobile ayikhuphuki, asele esifushane, efihlekile musa bukhule futhi azikhuli. imbali elinegciwane edingekayo zinambuzane ukwelashwa. Thrips futhi kungenziwa kalula kubonakala ngeso lenyama. izitshalo umonakalo izinambuzane omdala futhi izibungu zabo. Ngokuyinhloko, ziyingozi amaqabunga imiqumbe inqubo ukuphila izishiya a "ithrekhi" lubonakale. Kusebenza thrips ikhuthaza okusezingeni eliphezulu Igumbi lokushisa futhi emoyeni elomile.

In ekulweni nezilokazane nezifo ka fungal noma imvelaphi webhaktheriya akungabazeki ukusiza amalungiselelo akhethekile: "oksihom", "fundazol", "fitosporin", "itopazi", "Agat-25K", nesibabule colloidal.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukusabalala kwezifo kungagwenywa ngokuthatha uhlelo efanele wokunisela futhi uphromotha air kwegazi egumbini, ekuvimbeleni yokujama tsi yayo.