Igama nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele: amaMaya, ama-Aztec, ama-Inca, Iroquois, Mohicans, le Apaches. wamaNdiya aseMelika

Insimu of America, ukuvumbulula uColumbus, kumba eqolo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, unegama ezahlukene nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele ezweni evulekile. Abaningi babo, nakuba lapho abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu wasebenzisa elithi eyodwa aboMdabu baseMelika - amaNdiya.

Columbus bedukisa futhi imiphumela

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba iphutha ecacile: ukuthi abantu bomdabu - kuba abomdabu of America. Ngaphambi kwabantu baseYurophu bezokwakha amakoloni we xv izakhamuzi zangekhulu bezofika izigaba ezahlukene ohlelweni ohlanganyelwe tribal. Kwezinye izizwe predominated umndeni kababa, nabanye wabusa matriarchy.

Izinga yentuthuko luncike indawo kanye nesimo sezulu ngokuyinhloko. Phakathi okwalandela kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu kuphela wasebenzisa igama elivamile nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele yeqembu lonke zezizwe kwamasiko futhi ahlobene. Ngezansi sibheka ngokuningiliziwe ezinye zazo.

Lunye kanye lempilo wamaNdiya aseMelika

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wamaNdiya aseMelika benziwa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene sobumba. Lolusiko umsuka eside ngaphambi contact European. Ngo operation manual wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe eziningana.

izindlela ezinjalo ziye zasetshenziswa njengoba umqolo uzimele wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, ukwakha spatula, ngethonya ngebumba, ngisho intambo ukumodeliswa sculptural. Isici esiphawulekayo amaNdiya okwenza buso, imifanekiso ngobumba izinto isiko.

Igama nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele zihluke kakhulu, ngoba babekhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene futhi kwadingeka izincwadi ezimbalwa. Kukhona izizwe eziningi American. Ake sibheke edume kakhulu kubo.

Igama nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele kanye nendima yabo umlando Melika

Sizobheka ezinye edume kunazo nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele: i Hurons, Iroquois, Apache, Mohicans, ama-Inca, Mayas and Aztec. Nye of them were nge ezingeni ngokwanele eliphansi kwezentuthuko, kanye nezinye kakhulu umxhwele yinkampani, ezingeni zazo ayikwazi ukucaciswa nje igama elithi "isizwe" nge ezifana ulwazi olunzulu kanye izakhiwo.

labantu American Local yehlile kakhulu phakathi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni endaweni ye izifiki zaseYurophu, ukubhujiswa akusheshi futhi ukufuduka, kanye netifo amashuni bamakoloni, kanye nokuntuleka amasosha omzimba phakathi amaNdiya. Konke lokhu ziyancipha kakhulu izinombolo zabo. AmaNdiya esisele eyayisithuthelwe kusukela ezindaweni yendabuko kwendawo kulesi sabelo.

Huron

Huron isizwe - sezizwe zakwa eziningi ka wamaNdiya aseMelika. Ngaphambi ayehlasela baseYurophu, inombolo yabo kwaba cishe 40,000 abantu.

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Ontario wayedabuka esihlalweni Huron. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi umbango eside futhi olunegazi nge lesizwe sabantwana Iroquois, Hurons ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ukungalingani. A ingxenye encane Amaqembu omdabu ozama ukuba bazohlala Quebec (Canada yesimanje). Iqembu elikhulu bazinza endaweni Ohio (USA), kodwa ngokushesha kwadingeka sithuthe Kansas.

Huron babe isizwe sokuqala ukuthi wangena ubudlelwane nokuhwebelana baseYurophu. Njengamanje, amaNdiya 4,000 abahlala eCanada nase-United States.

I Iroquois

Iroquois, kwacaca ukuthi - ngempela engumthengisi amaNdiya. Iroquois isizwe ingenye izizwe ezinamandla kakhulu futhi abangophakimpi nesikhathi wamakoloni of America. nokuzwelana yabo kwamiswa ngokusebenzisa umugqa kwabakhulelwe, futhi kwaba khona ukwahlukana phakathi kwamaqembu.

I Iroquois kwadingeka umthethosisekelo "silotshwe" nge shelly ubuhlalu. By the way, sibonga emakhono abo elulwimi, babe nobudlelwane ukuhweba, kokubili nezinhlanga angomakhelwane kanye nabeLungu. Ekhulwini XVII esizweni bebeye ubuhlobo ngokwanele nge-Dutch.

Iroquois Ayekulungele futhi wasebenzisa obunemaski ahlukahlukene sici - nose, ngavela ngayithanda. Ngokwenkolelo yabo, buso ukuvikela abantu nemindeni yabo ezifweni. AmaNdiya ahlala e ovachirah - eside izindlu, okuyinto wabekwa cishe lonke uhlanga, kuhlanganise uMdala.

emfuleni abantu

Mohicans - amaNdiya ezivela eMpumalanga algontinskogo isizwe. igama Tribal kusho "abantu emfuleni".

indawo Original yokuhlala - the Hudson River Valley nasemaceleni (eduze Albury, New York). Oxhumana lokuqala nabeLungu kwenzeka ngo 1609. Mohicans yayiyiminyaka elikhulu ukuhlanganyela, futhi ngesikhathi contact lokuqala Kwasakazwa ngezizwe amahlanu Mohicans, vikagok, vavayhtonok, mehkentovun futhi vestenhuk.

Izakhamuzi wahlanganyela ezolimo, ukuzingela Fish, kanye ukuhlangana. Into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi babenesifiso ifomu monarchical kahulumeni. Ehola wayengumholi, isimo sakhe ngokuphathelene negciwane uzalwe.

Ngemva kwalokho, abaningi bathuthela Massachusetts Stockbridge. Ezinye Mohicans ebuKristwini ngesikhathi esifanayo, eziningi zazo ziye ababegcina amasiko abo. Ngemva kwalokho, iningi abameleli lokusinda besizwe bathuthela ezindaweni of Wisconsin.

Apache - amaNdiya

Ubuzwe, ehlanganisa imiphakathi eziningana, okuyinto has okufanayo isiko oxhumene nolimi.

Bonke babe igama elivamile nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele ngaphansi kwegama Apache. Amabutho besizwe babengafani nabanye nge ngesihluku yayo futhi ungafi ezindaweni nokhahlo. Apache - amaNdiya, ababethi isu lempi nokuhlela ukulwa. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, amasosha waya imikhankaso yezempi futhi avikele indawo yawo, waphakamisela wabhubhisa bonke ababeyizoni, wabe esengena indlela yabo.

Ukuhlaselwa zokuqala zaseYurophu kwenzeka ngo-1500. Kwakuwusuku bamakoloni Spanish. Imiphumela empini kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamaJuda Apaches ubudlelwane ubudala esungulwe nezinhlanga engumakhelwane.

Ekuqaleni, amaNdiya babe abayimizulane kanye yokuphila semi ayimizulane, ezihambayo yonkana United States ningizimu-ntshonalanga. Babenza imisebenzi esemqoka abebezingela izilwane futhi ubutha. Ukudla kwaba lula, owakhiwa ikakhulukazi amajikijolo, amakhowe futhi corn.

Ukuze kwemikhono wigwams esetshenziswa Dome emise, ne imbobo intuthu kwemizi. Yakhelwe usebenzisa amahlumela, isikhumba imbiza. Njengamanje, inombolo yabo imayelana 30,000. Apaches bahlala ezindaweni of Arizona Oklahoma futhi New Mexico.

Ezwekazini American impucuko yomdabu angawodwa kakhulu ezintathu kuphela: Inca, ama-Aztec futhi Mayans. Ngeshwa, eziningi ulwazi ngazo elahleka, futhi sibonga kuphela archeologists wakwazi ukuthola ngalezi amasiko asendulo.

yamandulo

Ama-Aztec futhi Mayans - edume kakhulu iningi nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele. Maya abantu - isizwe kakhulu, itholakala eMelika Ephakathi. Ziyakwazi idume emizini yabo, eqoshwe ngokuphelele itshe, kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko okungavamile. Mayans wakha imizi eminingana ku ezikude ibanga ngokwanele kusuka komunye nomunye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isisekelo kwaba eziyinkimbinkimbi imibhoshongo, futhi ukuphakama kwawo akuhlali kunabayeni imibhoshongo ecijile yaseGibithe. Babefanele lokubhala ierograficheskuyu futhi wasebenzisa umqondo weguncu mathematics. izazi zezinkanyezi Mayan abangu kukhanselwe, futhi wadala ikhalenda abadumile, kuphelile ikhalenda lakhe ngo-2012. Lokhu abantu basendulo seliphelile eside ngaphambi kokufika Columbus.

Aztec - abantu abaningi kakhulu eMexico. Ekuqaleni ukuzingela ezulazulayo isizwe, kodwa ngemva Ukuzula eside Aztec wahlala eduze Lake laseTexcoco. Kamuva yingcweti ezolimo wakha imizi, kwaba Tenochtitlan main. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantu basendulo babengazi kwaba ngempela kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi wezolimo ekuniseleni.

Ama-Aztec ngaphambi kokunqotshwa Spanish walilondoloza isiko lasendulo. Isibalo sawo sasingamadoda mayelana 60,000. Zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko abangu lapho beyozingela noma beyodoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizwe khona ukwahlukana samanje zibe izizukulwane eziningana nezikhulu. Kusukela emadolobheni subordinated inkokhiso likhishwa.

Aztec kwahluka ababe ngokwanele ngendlela elukhuni isilawuli eyodwa futhi isakhiwo phezulu. Ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu waba umbusi futhi abapristi, kanye aphansi - izigqila. Futhi, Aztec ayesebenzisa ngayo nesijeziso sokufa nokwenziwa kwemihlatshelo ngabantu.

umphakathi kakhulu athuthukile we Inca

Ize kulandele isizwe ongaqondakali kunayo Inca omunye impucuko ngobukhulu lasendulo. Tribe wahlala ngesikhathi ibambene ayizinkulungwane 4.5 amamitha ezintabeni Chile neColombia. XI по XVI века нашей эры. Kuyinto uhulumeni omdala yayikhona kusukela XI kuya BC XVI leminyaka.

Lalinama insimu yonke State of Bolivia, Peru futhi Ecuador. Futhi ingxenye Argentina yesimanje, Colombia neChile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-1533 lo mbuso kakade walahlekelwa kakhulu nezindawo zalo. Kuze 1572 clan wakwazi ukumelana ekuhlaseleni conquistadors, ngubani babengeve benesithakazelo mkhathi ezintsha.

Emphakathini ubuswa emnothweni wezolimo Inca nezolimo masimu. Kwakuthinta ngempela kakhulu athuthukile umphakathi, wasebenzisa indle futhi udale isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa.

Okwamanje, izazi-mlando eziningi abanesifiso umbuzo wokuthi kungani futhi lapho wanyamalala kangaka isizwe.

"Ukungapheleli esikuzuze njengefa" kusukela nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele American

Ngokungangabazeki, kuyacaca ukuthi wamaNdiya aseMelika baye baba neqhaza emphakathini wonke. BaseYurophu baye lathathwa ukutshala ukutshala ummbila kanye sunflower, kanye ezinye imifino: amazambane, utamatisi, upelepele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwangena okusabhontshisi, izithelo cocoa ugwayi. Konke lokhu esikuthole amaNdiya.

Kuyinto lezi amasiko ziye zasiza ngesikhathi ukunciphisa indlala e-Eurasia. kamuva Ummbila waba esisemqoka ewukudla emfuyo. Abaningi izitsha phezu kwetafula sathola amaNdiya kanye Columbus, zavozshemu Europe "izimangaliso" yesikhathi.