Nezindaba Ukuzihlukanisa ngesiNgisi: imfundo ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa

Ukuze uthole ulwazi, kubalulekile nokuba akuhlele umbuzo ngendlela efanele. NgesiZulu, 5 imihlobo yemibuzo ezahlukene. Omunye wabo - ukwehlukana ebuzwa ukucacisa okuthile noma ukwenza abanamalungelo abo.

Yiziphi izingqinamba sokuhlukanisa ngesiNgisi?

imibuzo Tag (noma izinkinga ngomsila) ziyingxenye ebalulekile yazo yokukhuluma yemihla ngemihla. NgesiRashiya, bona zivumelana ibinzana "kwesokudla", "akunjalo?" "Yebo," wanezela kuya ekugcineni kwemusho. Ngezinye izikhathi nomsila udaba ngokuhlukana ngolimi lwesiNgisi ayikahunyushwa ku Russian. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba izicelo, izikhumbuzo, ukwenza lutho, kuhlanganise umthunzi negative, isibonelo:

• Musa bangishayele futhi, uzokwazi? ( "Ningangibizi ngokuthi futhi").
• Vala iwindi, ingabe? ( "Vala, sicela iwindi").

izinguqulo Classic lwezindaba ngomsila uvumele ukubuza interlocutor bakhe nganoma yini ukuze uthole umbuzo ngoyebo noma ezingakhi. Kulokhu, izimpikiswano kuhlukane ngolimi lwesiNgisi zihlukile endleleni evamile ukwakha imibuzo, iphimbo kanye injongo. Kodwa izimpendulo kubo zinto zingase zicishe zifane.

• Kuyinto ashubisa umnkantsha namuhla, akunjalo? - Yebo, kungenzeka. ( "Namuhla kubanda kakhulu, akunjalo? - Yebo?").
• Nenze umsebenzi wakho wesikole, awuzange yini? - Cha, anginakuqonda. ( "Wena wenze umsebenzi wesikole - Cha").

Uma esimweni sesibili kwakunokwenzeka ukubuza umbuzo jikelele, noma-ke kungaba ngaphansi ngenhlonipho, esimweni sokuqala-ke ikudukele: isikhulumi uyakwazi lokho sezulu kuwufanele.

Njengoba indlela imibuzo ithegi

Into yokuqala ukuze ufunde kwetinhlavu lolu hlobo lwemibuzo - lokho uma ibinzana ngoyebo, umsila izokhombisa ukuthi akanalo igciwane, noHezekeli. Kalula nje, uma ukhefana ngaphambi isenzo wayengekho ukuphika, sizovela emva iphuzu zamadesimali. Futhi uma eduze isenzo kuyizinhlayiyana negative kungenjalo, kuzakubuyela zinyamalale ingxenye umbuzo wesibili.

Yiqiniso, izinkinga kuhlukane ngolimi lwesiNgisi zakhelwe ikhumbula ifomu temporal of isilandiso. Indlela elula ukuqonda izimo zesenzo segama ukuba. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iyiphi Ibizo osebenza njengokuvimbelayo kuncike luthathelwa indawo endaweni Ponytail kwi isabizwana esifanayo.

• George ongudokotela, akuyona kwakhe? ( "George - Doctor, akunjalo?")
• Abazali bakho babe eSpain ngehlobo elidlule, awazange bona? ( "Abazali bakho babe eSpain ngehlobo elidlule, akunjalo?")
• Mary kuyoba eziyishumi emavikini amabili, ngeke yena? ( "UMariya kuyoba 10 2 amaviki, akunjalo?")

Lapho isilandiso kuwufanele isenzo semantic (funda, ubuthongo, drive), kufanele uqale ukuba sithole isikhathi isiphakamiso. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza Ukuvalwa (-S lesesikhatsini samanje amafomu 3 umuntu eliyingqayizivele; -ed at tento njalo esikhatsini lesengcile). Uma isenzo kunzima ukuqaphela, ngakho-ke, isiphakamiso isetshenziswa ngendlela 2 noma 3, kubalulekile ukubheka ithebula tento okungajwayelekile.

Ukuze umsila ezingezinhle ngesikhathi samanje okudingeka isenzo asizayo noma enza; esikhatsini lesengcile, ngokulandelana, benza.

Esinye imininingwane evumela ukuthi uhlukanisa ndaba master English ngokushesha - ukuba banake inombolo kwamagama isilandiso phambi iphuzu zamadesimali. Uma isenzo ingenye (kodwa hhayi isimo sesenzo ukuba) endaweni Ponytail kudingeka do umsizi / enza / benza (njenge sibonile ezibonelweni ezingenhla). Uma tento ezimbili noma ezintathu, umsila uzobe enabo wokuqala babo. Ngoba icala zokugcina kokubili ezikhathini ezinzima (esizayo, khona-long, eyadlula kudala, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphela), kanye ukusetshenziswa simokwenta. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba omubi ingxenye yokuqala lapho umsila uzokhombisa ukuthi unalo igciwane. Ngokwesibonelo:

• a lot of money, hasn't he? Lokhu usomabhizinisi wenze imali eningi , akakholwanga?
• a tree faster than others, can't he? Umfowenu kungaba ukugibela esihlahleni ngokushesha kunokuba abanye, can akunjalo?
• for a walk today, are you? Awungenile selula izinyawo namuhla , akunjalo?
• basketball, does she? Udadewabo akawuthandi basketball, enza yena?

Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ukusetshenziswa

Lezi zihlanganisa isimo kuphoqelekile, anikele isandiso angemahle noma isabizwana, okuthile okuhlukile. Wamelana nabo, kubalulekile ukuba bamelele endaweni Ponytail isenzo esithile, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi i-isilandiso esifanele ingxenye yokuqala.

Le sipho kuphoqelekile ukuthi uqale isenzo, kuhlanganise Let 's angemahle noma Don' t, basuke ziqondiswe enye inhlangano / -am, ngakho endaweni Ponytail uyohlale ame isabizwana wena, futhi esimweni Ase - thina. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lalela uma uthisa ngokucophelela, uzokwazi? ( "Lalelisisa thishela").
• Ungabi sekwephuzile, uzokwazi? ( "Ungabi sekwephuzile").
• Ake uphume kusihlwa, siyakuthini? ( "Ake ngiye ndawana-thize namuhla").

Izabizwana akekho, noyedwa, bambalwa, ababaningi , lutho, oluncane, futhi, akukho nakancane, cishe kungenzeki yimuphi zinenani negative, okusho ukuthi iziphakamiso nabo ngemva idesimali iphuzu isenzo kuyoba ngoyebo, kanye isilandiso (ngokuvamile a kuphika). Ukuba khona isandiso ezimbi (neze, thukela, cishe kungenzeki, akuvamile , ndawo, neze, okumenza) nje kudinga ekupheleni omuhle tesifundvo.

Momentum, eziqala ... Kube, gcina lokhu gama Ponytail emva isenzo asizayo. Ekugcineni, ngemva ngikuBaba ekuqaleni umusho liyadingeka akuzona mina?

Iqhaza buviyoviyo

Kusukela ithoni ngawo umbuzo predetermined eqhekeza incike incazelo yayo ngokuthé ngqo. Uma ekupheleni udaba kwandisa nephimbo lakho, isikhulumi engenaso isiqiniseko abezindaba futhi ufuna ukuthola impendulo. Uma iphimbo phansi, adinga ukuqinisekiswa elula yokucabanga okushiwo, ngokuvamile, le mibuzo ucelwa ukuze ukunakekela ingxoxo.

Kanjani ukwakha izimpendulo zemibuzo mayelana ngokwahlukana?

Ngaphambi kokunikeza icebiso impendulo, ukuhlaziya umbuzo ngokwayo, ngaphandle umsila: a emihle noma emibi Ingxenye yokuqala zidinga ezahlukene izimpendulo amafomula. inketho Simple, lapho isikhulumi isebenzisa isilandiso ngoyebo kudinga Yebo efanayo futhi Cha, ephendula umbuzo jikelele. Landelayo kuyinto isabizwana, elihambisana udaba into nesenzo asizayo.

Kancane nzima ukuphendula imibuzo lokwehlukaniswa ngolimi lwesiNgisi, lapho ingxenye yokuqala alivumi. Nakuba Wavuma isikhulumi, impendulo kufanele ziqalise Yebo; ziphikisa - ne Cha Ngokulandelayo, esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, futhi isenzo asizayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• UGabisile kuyinto ithenisi umdlali omuhle, usuke hhayi yena? - Yebo, yena (bavumelana).
• Asikwazi ukuthatha imoto, thina singahlulwa yini? - Cha, ngeke sikwazi (ukungavumelani).
• Akazange abuyele incwadi, akunjalo? - Cha, akazange alale lapho (kwemvume).
• Lingani izulu ngokuvamile lapha, akunjalo? - Yebo, kunendaba (ukungavumelani).

Kuyinto Asikwazi ukushalazela ukufunda isiNgisi, nezindaba ngokuhlukana. Obonisa, ezifana izincwadi R. Murphy futhi umkhuba njalo kuyokusiza ukuba nginqobe ubunzima ezihlobene nale mkhuba nokusetshenziswa kolimi.