Umlando kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika

History of the New Melika has eminyaka hhayi eziningi kangaka. Futhi kwaqala ekhulwini le-16. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho uColumbus ethola nezwekazi abantu abasha baqala ukufika. Ingabe abasuka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wayenezizathu ezahlukene ngokuza kwe-Nguqulo Yezwe. Ezinye zazo nje wayefuna ukuqala impilo entsha. Elesibili ukuceba. Kanti abanye babalekela ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo noma ukuhlukunyezwa yiziphathimandla. Yiqiniso, bonke laba bantu kwakungekaNkulunkulu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene namasiko. Basuke zihlukaniswa komunye nomunye ngemibala. Kodwa sonke sihlanganyela eyodwa isifiso - ukuba baguqule ukuphila kwabo futhi adale kusuka ekuqaleni umhlaba omusha. Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika.

isikhathi pre-Columbian,

Abantu owakhiwe eNyakatho neMelika ezingaphezu kweyodwa yeminyaka. Nokho, ulwazi mayelana abomdabu yaleli zwekazi inkathi ukubukeka lapha abantu bakwezinye izindawo eziningi zomhlaba iyivela kancane kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho zocwaningo kwatholakala ukuthi owokuqala baseMelika babe iqembu elincane labantu bafudukela ezwekazini North-East Asia. Cishe, baye balufunda la mazwe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 10-15 edlule, edabula kusukela Alaska beneaped noma eqandisiwe iBering Strait. Kancane kancane, abantu baqala ukuthutha phakathi nezwe, eningizimu zwekazi American. Ngakho lapho befika endaweni Tierra del Fuego futhi Strait of Magellan.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi parallel le nqubo kulelivekati got phezu amaqembu amancane basePolynesia. Akha phezu amazwe eningizimu.

Labo nezinye abafudukayo abaziwa kithi njengoba Eskimo namaNdiya, kucatshangwa ukuthi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala Melika. Futhi ngokuqondene isikhathi yokuhlala Ezwekazini - lalolo hlanga.

Ukutholakala izwekazi entsha Columbus

I abaMhlophe bokuqala wavakashela INguqulo Yezwe Elisha ngeSpanishi. Okuhambayo ezweni elingaziwa them they bachazwa kumephu laseNdiya, eCape of Good Hope nezindawo Western elisogwini Afrika. Kodwa kule abacwaningi akagcinanga lapho. Baqala ufune indlela emfushane eyayiyoholela umuntu osuka eYurophu uye India lowo owathembisa enkulu izinzuzo zomnotho mithi we eSpain nasePortugal. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi esinye salezi uhambo futhi kwaba kokutholakala Melika.

Kwathi ngo-Okthoba ka-1492, kwathiwa ke wathatha uhambo-Spanish eholwa Admiral uChristopher Columbus eboshelwe esiqhingini esincane, elise enkabazweni engasentshonalanga. Ngakho ekhasini lokuqala emlandweni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika wavulwa. Kulelizwe ezimangalisayo zathuthelekela lweSpanishi. Ukuwalandela eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe abangu izakhamuzi eFrance naseNgilandi. Isikhathi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika.

abanqobi Spanish

Kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika elandelwa abantu baseYurophu waqale abazange kungabalimazi nanokuphikiswa bendawo. Futhi lokhu kwaba nesandla yokuthi izifiki naqala ngobudlova kakhulu, ababagqilazayo kanye nokubulala amaNdiya. unya Special ezaboniswa abanqobi Spanish. Bona zashisa emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo, ukubulala izakhamuzi zakhona.

Kakade ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika, baseYurophu alethwe kuleli zwekazi izifo eziningi. Abantu bendawo waqala ukuwohloka kusukela kubhubhane ingxibongo nesimungumungwana.

Phakathi nekhulu le-16 yayibuswa bamakoloni Spanish emazweni aseMelika. Izimpahla zabo wawusuka New Mexico Cape Gori waletha yomcebo yasebukhosini inzuzo enhle. Kule nkathi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika, Spain beat off bonke imizamo amanye amazwe aseYurophu ukuba bathole ukusizakala kule nsimu kwemtfombo ocebile.

Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukushintsha ukulingana kwamandla uqalile Elidala Umhlaba. ESpain, lapho amakhosi ezingahlakaniphile imali notshwala omkhulu ivela amakoloni zegolide nezesiliva, waqala kancane kancane give up izikhundla zabo, ebanikeza Britain, lapho umnotho lakhula ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kwelanga isizwe esinamandla, ukhukhuva kwezilwandle futhi ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu yaseYurophu, yashesha impi eside ngokumelene Netherlands, ingxabano eNgilandi kanye yeziNguquko eYurophu, ukulwa abachitha imali eningi. Kodwa endaweni yokugcina ngokumuka eSpain kwaba nasethunzini lokufa ku 1588 Armada. Ngemva kwalokho, abaholi inqubo kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika waqala eNgilandi, eFrance nase-Holland. Izifiki ezivela kula mazwe baye wadala igagasi elisha wezifiki.

amakoloni French

Abokufika kusukela kuleli zwe yaseYurophu kwakuncike anentshisekelo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uboya ezibalulekile. Kulokhu, amaFulentshi akafunanga ukuthatha umhlaba, njengoba ekhaya abalimi, naphezu umthwalo izibopho amakhosi asendulo, zisekhona abanikazi iziza zabo.

Ukuqala ikoloni isiFulentshi Melika sabekwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho Samyuel Shamplen eyasungulwa settlement encane eNhlonhlweni Acadian, futhi kamuva (e 1608) - Quebec City. Ngo 1615, umbuso French enwetshiwe ku Ontario neLake Huron. Kulezi zindawo kuneNdebe izinkampani yokuhweba, enkulu kunazo zonke owawungumnyaka Hudson sika Bay Inkampani. Ngo-1670 abanikazi kwalo kubhalwe umthetho-sisekelo futhi silawula yonke ukuthenga inhlanzi uboya nge amaNdiya. Izakhamuzi baba "nemingenela" izinkampani wangena inethiwekhi izibopho kanye nezikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaNdiya umane fleeced, njalo ukushintshisana etholwe uboya yawo eyigugu ngezinto ezingelutho awubalulekile yini.

ifa Great Britain

I ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni British eNyakatho Melika uqalwe ngekhulu le-17., Nakuba umzamo wokuqala abenziwe eyikhulu ngaphambili. Ukukhokhela izifundo Yezwe Elisha waseBritish Umqhele iye yashesha ukuthuthukiswa capitalism ezweni lazo. Umthombo ukuchuma monopolies British bekulokhu ekudalweni izinkampani zokuhweba wamakoloni, okuyinto baye benza emakethe angaphandle. Futhi bafika inzuzo enhle.

Izici kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni eNyakatho neMelika Great Britain walala yokuthi kule ndawo, uHulumeni ubumbe izinkampani ezimbili ukuhweba ukuthi anezinsiza ezithe xaxa. Kwakuwusuku eLondon Plymouth aqine. Lezi zinkampani baye baba sisekelo wasebukhosini ababenako ngaphansi kwazo umhlaba elise-34 no-41 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe, ngaphandle komkhawulo ubabonisa maphakathi nezwe. Ngakho-England wagabadela indawo, ekuqaleni kwakungekaNkulunkulu amaNdiya.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Colony eVirginia yasungulwa. Kule commercial ibhizinisi Virginia Inkampani ulindele imali engaphezulu. Ngezindleko zakhe inkampani siqu zilethwe kuleli koloni kwabokufika ababenza izikweletu zawo ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4-5.

Ngo-1607 kwakheka settlement entsha. Kwakuyisikhathi ikoloni Jamestown. It wawakhiwe endaweni izimbuku lapho ahlala omiyane eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifiki baye bazishisa ngokumelene lalolo hlanga. skirmishes Constant amaNdiya kanye nesifo ngokushesha kwabulala two-thirds Preselentsi.

Enye koloni laseBrithani - Maryland - yasungulwa ngo 1634 e izifiki wakhe British wathola iziza futhi baba Abatshali namabhizinisi amakhulu. Izisebenzi lezi zindawo kwakungamadodana British abampofu, owayesebenza ngaphandle izindleko ukuthuthela Melika.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, esikhundleni izinceku kwezigqila e amakoloni baqala ukusebenzisa izigqila Negro. Baqala ukuletha ikakhulu amakoloni eningizimu.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-75 ngemva kokwakhiwa ikoloni Virginia British usethe 12 ngaphezulu imijondolo efana. Lokhu Massachusetts futhi New Hampshire, New York Connecticut, eRhode Island New Jersey, Delaware futhi Pennsylvania, iNyakatho neNingizimu Carolina, Georgia ne Maryland.

Ukuthuthukiswa amakoloni IsiZulu

Abantu abampofu emazweni amaningi the Old World Ziye zafuna America, ngoba umbono wabo kwaba ezweni lesethembiso, onikeza insindiso evela izikweletu futhi ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo. Yingakho kwabantu baseYurophu bezokwakha amakoloni of America kwakwandile. osomabhizinisi abaningi awasasebenzi kucashwa kwabokufika. Baqala ukuhlela ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa kwemizi abantu bangempela, nokunamathisela ngomthofu futhi ebathumela umkhumbi baze kwasangulukisa up. Yingakho kube khona ukukhula okusheshayo ngokungavamile amakoloni British. It uphromothiwe nenguquko nezokulima e-UK, ngenxa obekukhona kuwo kuthathwe mass kwamazwe kubalimi.

Babamba inkunzi uhulumeni wakhe abampofu waqala ukufuna ithuba ukuba bathenge umhlaba e amakoloni. Ngakho, uma e 1625 e eNyakatho neMelika wahlala 1980 abantu, e 1641 kuphela, izifiki ezivela eNgilandi, Babengathi izinkulungwane 50. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka amahlanu, inani abakhileyo kulezi nemizana kwaba abantu mayelana amabili likhulu lamawaka.

Ukuziphatha kwababaleki

Umlando kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika ezihangulwe impi zabantu ababulawa ngokumelene nabakhileyo yomdabu yezwe. Iningi lezifiki wathatha umhlaba kusukela amaNdiya, asibhubhise ngokuphelele izizwe.

enyakatho Melika, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i-New England, abantu kusukela Old Umhlaba kuhambile ngendlela kuyiwa. Lapha ezweni amaNdiya atholwe ngosizo "ukuthengiselana commercial". Ngemva kwalokho, lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuvunywa umbono ukuthi okhokho Anglo-Americans musa aphula ama-inkululeko lalolo hlanga. Nokho, izifiki ezivela Old Umhlaba atholwe amapheshana omkhulu KOMHLABA kweqembu ubuhlalu noma nedlanzana neziqhumane. Kulokhu, amaNdiya, ababengebona ujwayelene yangasese, njengoba umthetho, akusho ngisho ukuqagela mayelana izinkontilaka waphetha nabo.

Ligalelo umlando ikoloni ukwenze kanye esontweni. Wabuza wakhe erenki wezasekhaya yesihle eshaya amaNdiya.

Omunye Amakhasi okuyihlazo emlandweni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Melika kuyinto umklomelo scalps. Ngaphambi kokufika izifiki leli siko olunegazi yayikhona kuphela kwezinye izizwe ababehlala ezindaweni empumalanga. Nge ukufika bamakoloni ubuqaba enjalo yahlakazeka. Isizathu salokhu yayiqhuma internecine ezimpini lapho ekuqaleni nokusebenzisa izibhamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo scalping lula kakhulu ukusabalala imimese yensimbi. Phela, ukhuni noma ithambo okulima ababekanye amaNdiya phambi kwamakoloni, izinkinga kakhulu eyohlinzwa ezinjalo.

Nokho, ubuhlobo kwabokufika nabakhileyo yomdabu kwakungafanele ohlale ephikisana ngakho. Abantu abavamile baye bazama ukugcina ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana. balimi abampofu asifunda kulokho okwenzeka Indian kwezolimo futhi ufunde kuzo, yokuvumelana izimo zendawo.

Abasuka kwamanye amazwe

Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo, bamakoloni lokuqala azinza eNyakatho Melika, azange abe nenkolelo engokwenkolo ezivamile futhi okuqondene kwezakhi nomphakathi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi abomdabu of the Old World basonta bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngenxa yalokho, libe nezinkolelo ezihlukile kwezakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, amaKatolika angamaNgisi esezinzile Maryland. AmaHuguenot kusukela France esezinzile South Carolina. AbaseSweden bazinza Delaware noVirginia wayegcwele izingcweti isiNtaliyane, isi-German kanye Polish. Esiqhingini Manhattan komnikazi lokuqala Dutch uvele 1613. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Genri Gudzon. koloni Dutch, elaba isikhungo kwedolobha Amsterdam, waziwa ngokuthi The Netherlands entsha. Kamuva lezi nemizana zishaqwe yi-British.

Bamakoloni esungulwe ngokwabo kuleli zwekazi, okuyiwona usenguye njalo ngoLwesine wesine ngoNovemba, bona ukubonga uNkulunkulu. Melika igubha Thanksgiving. Le iholidi khumbula behlonipha onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila kwababaleki endaweni entsha.

Ukuvela lobugqila

I-Afrika omnyama wokuqala efika e Virginia ngo-August 1619 emkhunjini Dutch. Iningi lazo zafakwa ngokushesha wathengwa bamakoloni njengokungathi uyinceku. EMelika Negros ukuba yizigqila impilo yonke.

Futhi lokhu isimo phathelana ngisho ngofuzo. ukuhweba ngezigqila wethulwa njalo phakathi amakoloni aseMelika kanye namazwe asempumalanga Afrika. abaholi bendawo bazimisele ukushintsha abantu babo abasha befuna izikhali, Umsizi, izindwangu neminye imikhiqizo eminingi amazwe kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa izindawo eningizimu

Njengomthetho, izifiki wakhetha ezindaweni enyakatho ye-Nguqulo Yezwe ngenxa yezakhi zabo zenkolo. Ngokuphambene, ikoloni yeNingizimu Melika waphishekela imigomo kwezomnotho. BaseYurophu, emkhosini kancane nabantu bomdabu, baphinde phezu komhlabathi, kahle kufanelekile khona. izwekazi Resource-ocebile wathembisa izifiki ukuthola imali engaphezulu. Yingakho ezingxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe waqala ukuhlakulela ugwayi ukotini emasimini, usebenzisa umsebenzi izinceku yaletha esuka Afrika. Iningi izimpahla zithunyelwe laseNgilandi laliphethwe kusukela kulezi zindawo.

Abokufika eLatin America

Territory elise kuya eningizimu ye-United States, baseYurophu kwaqala kokuba uColumbus ethole the New World. Namuhla, ikoloni elandelwa abantu baseYurophu eLatin America uthathwa njengomgcini izingxabano ezishubile phakathi kwezingane emihlabeni emibili engafani, okwaphela nge ukugqilazwa amaNdiya ukungalingani amadlingozi. Le nkathi wawuqala 16 kuya 19 ekuqaleni.

Ukwenziwa kwamakoloni Latin America zaholela ekufeni impucuko Indian lasendulo. Phela, iningi lalolo hlanga yaphela nya Njengoba izakhamuzi kusukela eSpain nasePortugal. izakhamizi Ukuphumelela abezile ngaphansi ingqongqo wamakoloni. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Latin America ke laqanjwa impumelelo yamasiko Izwe Elidala, okuyinto laba impahla yabantwana izizwe yaleli zwekazi.

bamakoloni baseYurophu kancane kancane waqala ibe ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi elandayo labantu kule ndawo. A izigqila elikhulu e-Afrika kwaqala inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yama ukwakha Symbiosis namasiko ekhethekile. Futhi namhlanje singasho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa emphakathini wanamuhla Latin American uye eziphoqelelwe i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa kwaba yinkathi wamakoloni 16-19 eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kusondela baseYurophu, esifundeni waqala ihileleke izinqubo zomhlaba zama-Capitalist. Lokhu kwaba yokuqala ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umnotho eLatin America.