Odysseus Odysseus. Mythology of Ancient Greece

Lamuhla sitawubuka uhlamvu enjalo ezithakazelisayo, Odysseus (ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ulysses). Lena inkosi yakwa Ithaca. Odyssey - Indodana Laertes futhi Anticlea. Ngokusho kweminye embodiments le nkolelo-ze, lapho indodana Sisifa. Sisif kusolakala yayenga Anticlea ngaphambi kokuba ashade Laertes. Autolycus, Anticlea uyise (ngokuvumelana Homer - "isela omkhulu futhi perjurer"), wayeyindodana Hermes, ayivusa zasiza namaqhinga akhe. Yingakho izimfanelo lezinceku Odysseus, ivela Hermes - lobubhalo, ukusebenziseka, ukukhalipha. kufanele kuphawulwe ngobuqili phakathi kwabanye. Odyssey, okuyinto sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo isici aluthola izici ezintsha ngemisebenzi, uHomer. Lokho senziwe ngomfanekiso wakhe? Asivume.

isithombe Ukuqamba Odyssey, uHomer sika

Ekuqaleni, biography of lokhu iqhawe awuzange ezihlobene iThrojani neMpi. Odysseus, indaba okuyinto wayaziwa kuphela entsha Fairy izindaba, Awuchazwa ngokucace kangaka phambi uHomer. Lokhu kwethulwa ku Folk izisusa ezilandelayo: ngehora, esongela ukulahlekelwa uhambo olude olwandle, uhlale uhlamvu "nezinye emhlabeni", kanye nokubuya umyeni wakhe yazi ngesikathi umkakhe okusongelayo isidingo ukuphetha umshado entsha. Lezi Motifs zaguqulwa yeqhawe Homer sika mayelana iThrojani neMpi. Imbongi wazenza eziningi imibono ebalulekile: uthando lokuzidela ka Odysseus emakhaya, abuyele ezweni lenkaba yawo, ukuhlupheka wazibonela ulaka onkulunkulu hero. Phawula ukuthi igama "Odyssey" livela egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "bayathukuthela." Okungukuthi, kungashiwo elihunyushwe ngokuthi "abantu ulaka lukaNkulunkulu", "wayezondwa onkulunkulu."

Yini Homer wabhala mayelana uhlamvu enjalo ezithakazelisayo, Odysseus? Mythology of Ancient Greece usinikeza eziningi izindaba ezithakazelisayo, kodwa neMpi iThrojani ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Yini Homer ufake leli uhlamvu phakathi abaholi ezazilwa Troy, kwaholela ukuthi kwamiswa imibono zobuqhawe lakhe lempi, indima yakhe juqu ukuthunjwa edolobheni (motif wehhashi sokhuni, kusungulwe Odysseus). Kusukela manje kuqhubeke lo Umlumbi temdzabu, ngubani "umchithi amadolobha", njengoba namaqhawe. Phambi kwethu kuyinto Odysseus abanesibindi. Mythology agcwaliswa kunothile izindaba ezithakazelisayo ngaye.

Odyssey isithombe

Odyssey - uyisihluthulelo ovelele Ionian esiteji yeqhawe. Odysseus kuyinto othwala amandla ngokungakhathali, nokuhlakanipha, ikhono uzulazule ezimweni ezinzima zokuphila, ikhono ngokucacile futhi kufakazela ukukhuluma, ukubhekana nabantu. Ngomfanekiso wakhe, uma iqhathaniswa nayo izinhlamvu nezinye izinganekwane ngaphambili (isb, ezifana Ajax Telamonid Diomedes noma Achilles), ibonakale eseyintsha ecacile. Odysseus uwina hhayi izikhali kuphela, kodwa futhi ingqondo izwi. Uya ekamu lama-Trojans kanye Diomedes. Nokho, okuholela Thersites amasosha ulingeka umaluju, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ishaya Thersites futhi limbiza ukugcona, kodwa futhi sinikeza somlilo, inkulumo ephefumulelwe, ekujabulisayo le nentshiseko amabutho ukulwa. Odyssey heroics ngaphezulu olufana Homer sika "Iliad" lapho Achilles ethunyelwe omunye amanxusa noma ngesikhathi inkulumo emkhandlwini. Lapha usho amazwi ezingeke ukuncintisana kungekho ofayo. Nasi iqhawe okhazinyulisiwe nasemisebenzini yakhe, uHomer.

Odysseus 'inhliziyo omkhulu futhi umphefumulo "," Udumo umkhonto. " Kuphela Philoctetes uvelile ngaphambi kwakhe ku kyokushin. Lokhu kuphawula kwehomere. Odysseus endleleni ezichaza kwakhe "nasici". Nokho hero saziwa alkyne ukuthi phakathi kwabantu yena idume ezisungulwe ngobuqili bakhe. Athena uqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhohlisa ngobuqili ukuze bancintisane nabo kunzima ngisho noNkulunkulu. Lona Odyssey. zamaGreki sidilizwa liqala ukusitshela ngo-ezihlukahlukene izindaba ezihambisana naso. Sitshele kafushane mayelana edume kunazo zonke.

Njengoba wazibonakalisa Odysseus phambi iThrojani neMpi

Odysseus ephethwe bazibonakalise bengamaKristu ngaphambi kokuqala iThrojani neMpi. Umyeni wakhe wayephakathi suitors eziningi Queen enhle Helena, kodwa wayekhetha Penelope, umzala wakhe, nomshana Tyndareus, ngubani waba ngumkakhe.

Ngemva Paris wathunjwa uHelen, hero kumele iqhaza emkhankasweni ngokumelene Troy. Odysseus, engasafuni ukuphuma khona unkosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe eyayisanda kuzalwa, u Telemachus, sengathi uyahlanya. Kodwa Palamedes udalula bazenzisa kanye naye (Odysseus kamuva angabulawa ngoba), wazibonela protagonist othandweni lwakhe. Odysseus iya Troy ngemikhumbi 12. Kuyasiza ukuthola amaGreki Achilles, Thetis kufihliwe ku obakhathalelayo. Skyros, futhi simthole phakathi nezincekukazi indodakazi yenkosi Lycomedes (Deidamia). Ngemva kwalokho Odysseus libizwa ukuletha Iphigenia e-Aulis. She doomed bahlabele Arthemisi. AmaGreki ku iseluleko sakhe, ushiye Philoctetes wadubuleka obakhathalelayo. Lemnos. Ngemva kwalokho, uyobe uwulethe impi eneminyaka engu-10 kuya Troy.

Odysseus ngaphambi kwempi ethunyelwe Menelaus ukuze Troy e umzamo ize ukuze kuxazululwe wezwe kuyindaba. Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele, uthatha aziphindiselele Palamedes, ubani acabanga isitha. Odysseus ngonyaka wokugcina impi ithatha ethumba Dolon, ngiyinhloli iThrojani, futhi wenza nokuhlasela nge Diomedes emelene lenkosi Rees, ngubani ufikile nje ukusiza Trojans. Ngemva kokufa baka-Achilles, hero zisithakazelise banikezwe yezikhali zakhe, okuyinto aphinde athi Ajax Telamonid. Odysseus, ukuthatha Helena (iThrojani imihlola), ifunda kuye ukunqoba kwakho Kudingeka sibambe statue uPallas Athena, esemgwaqweni Troy ku nethempeli lonkulunkulukazi. Odysseus bezifihle njenge- isinxibi sneaks singene emzini ovinjezelwe. Yena oweba kwesithombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Odyssey, ngokusho version, kungokwalabo umqondo yokudala ihhashi lokhuni.

I juxtaposition of emihlabeni emibili

Ngo biography of Ulysses adventure-inganekwane igcwele isisusa ukuhlupheka. Lokhu uhlamvu ngokweqile ngokuzinikela enkolweni yakhe njalo singena nesimo lapho kungaba eyakhe noma nabangane bakhe, ke siphukile. Lokhu kuholela nokufa okwengeziwe nokuhlupheka. Umonakalo obangelwa futhi isihluku Odyssey eka- le heroics zakudala. Zonke-ke zivame ukufiphala ubala, yadedela ubuqhawe bokusungula. Hero ivikela u-Athena. I "Odyssey" libhekene kokuqhathanisa elusizi lasendulo lapho wokubusa abathakathi, Ogres, umlingo, nge Polyphemus, Poseidon, namadizayini ocebile, Athena ohlakaniphile iqhawe ezweni lakubo, naphezu kwazo zonke izithiyo. Odyssey ngokusebenzisa ke ephunyuka emhlabeni eziyingozi sezimanga, umxhwele kuye.

Hhayi Olympian kuphela ukusiza lo iqhawe. Yena iphoqa yena ukukhonza, futhi Kirk, ukuvula ubuthakathi okuhle ngokubi. Odyssey ngokungesabi iya neHayidese ulwazi ngekusasa lakhe. Shono onkulunkulu besaba ukuthi uma abazange ukumbuyisa ekhaya, Odysseus, "naphezu kwempatho Isiphelo ', uyobe babuyele. Ngakho-ke, kangcono lokhu iqhawe.

Kanjani ukuqala ukubuya Odysseus ezweni lakubo

Odysseus, ogama lenkaba - ngakho isikhathi eside ezama ukuphindela ekhaya. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-10 ukubuya kwakhe, nezoqala kuwa Troy. Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa waphonsa imikhumbi yakhe ezweni cicones, lapho kwakudingeka epini nabo. Odyssey Ismar ezazihlupha edolobheni, kodwa ke waphoqeleka ukuba siphumele ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa lesitha, ehlushwa ukulahlekelwa esindayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku 9 Wafika-lotus zase zizoqala ukudla abantu, bese - ku Cyclops.

Odysseus e Cyclops

Lapha, kanye nabangane 12, waba siboshwa uneso elilodwa Polyphemus, ogre-giant. 6 comrades elahlekile, yena konakalisa giant iwayini kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace.

Lapho Polyphemus wayelele, Odysseus awakhipha amehlo akhe ngensimbi esigxotsheni. The hero nabangane bakhe waphuma ebhalwini kanje: ezandleni ephethe noboya izimvu, ezingezona giant ezikhishwe njalo ekuseni emadlelweni. Odysseus, ngokuba ngomkhumbi okuthiwa yi yena waphuphuthekisa Polyphemus. Wayibiza ngokuthi isiqalekiso Poseidon, uyise. Intukuthelo yakhe Uyobasukela Odysseus kamuva, uze ubuyele kwakhe.

Odysseus esiqhingini Aeolus

Odysseus inganekwane ukubuya lapho sichaza, kuyinto ke esiqhingini Aeolus, unkulunkulu imimoya. Lapha njengoba samanje uthola ibhodlela ke likhulekiwe imimoya waphephela. Lezi imimoya kufanele lula ukubuya lezihambi. Ziyakwazi eduze Odyssey Ithaca imikhumbi, kodwa lapha nabangane bakhe unquma imichilo noboya ngenxa yelukuluku. Imimoya wagqashula waphinda abethelwe ukuba imikhumbi obakhathalelayo. Aeolus. The hero enqaba usizo olwengeziwe.

Ngesikhathi oyisangoma Circe

Ngemva kuhlaselwa ngoxhaxha Odysseus velkany-amazimu Laestrygonians kuphela ukulondolozwa Odyssey umkhumbi imikhumbi 12. Yena pesters obakhathalelayo. EYA, okuyinto libuswa Fairy Kirk. It uphendulela izinyanga kwesigamu hero, wakuthuma ukuhlola, izingulube. Zabulawa kusondele Odysseus. Nokho, Hermes wamnikeza ngokuyisimangaliso impande "imvukuzane", okuyinto kubadumaze isenzo umlingo. Hero nokuphoqa Kirk ukubuyela ozakwabo zakhe wahlupheka womuntu. Bachitha iminyaka engu-kulesi siqhingi.

Odysseus kanye Sirens

On iseluleko Circe Odysseus evakashela eHayidese. Akufunda emthunzini Tiresias, le imihlola woshonile, izingozi lazo ezithusayo ke endleleni ekhaya, kanye endlini yakhe, esemgwaqweni e-Ithaca. Umkhumbi Odysseus, kokuhamba kulesi siqhingi, oseyili esidlule ogwini. Lapha amatilosi kuthiwa bamazwe baya ugu amatshe acijile inhlabamkhosi amnandi. Odysseus plug izindlebe zabo ngemakhilayoni abangane bakhe, okwenza bakwazi ukugwema ingozi. Yena ngokwakhe ulalela yokucula, uboshelwe insika. Umkhumbi iqhawe ekwazile ukubaleka ngokuphepha amatshe sintanta ulwandle, kanye ukuba adabule strait ewumngcingo ephakathi Scylla futhi Charybdis. Scylla, eziyisithupha esinamakhanda silo ephethe ukudonsa ukwehla emkhunjini futhi udle eziyisithupha zamasosha akanye nalo.

izinkomo Elingcwele Helios intukuthelo uZeyusi

Cishe ngaso. Trinakiya Odyssey balindelwe ukuba liqulwe kabusha icala. Lapha ziklaba izinkomo engcwele Helios. Odysseus, saxwayiswa Tiresias, wathi comrades okungafanele bephazamisa izilwane. Nokho, zilambile futhi unqume ukungamlaleli. KuComrades, usebenzisa yokuthi Odysseus balala, ukubulala izinkomo futhi inyama yabo, naphezu amabika ohambisana ukudla. UZeyusi njengesijeziso ukuhlambalaza Ufaka umbani e-Odyssey umkhumbi, eyakhululwa olwandle. Bonke abangane bakhe babulawa, yena ngokulambisa ku ebhidlikayo insika. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa Odysseus ugeza phezulu ukuze. Ogygia. I Nymph Calypso, ohlala lapha kugcina hero eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuze ngesikhathi ekufuna lase Athens laligcwele izithixo onkulunkulu ngaphambilini ukuyiyekela ihambe ekhaya.

Njengoba Odysseus efika ekhaya

Izikhangibavakashi ukuphela kwayo kanje. Odysseus yakha isihlenga, enikezwe useyili. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-17, ubona umhlaba. Kodwa lapha Poseidon iyithole futhi kuletha phansi isiphepho isihlenga, ngakho-Odysseus uphoqelekile ukuba baphendukela sokugcina - unquma ukusebenzisa umlingo umgubuzelo Levkofei. Hero ukubhukuda ifinyelela Islands Scheria. Kuyinto inabantu Phaeacians. Odyssey usebenzisa Navsikai (inkosazana) uthola eya esigodlweni Alcinous, inkosi feakiyskogo. Ehilelekile emkhosini, lapho umxoxi Demodocus lihlabelela ingoma mayelana ukuthunjwa Troy.

Odyssey kazamcolo zezinkumbulo awukwazi ukubamba izinyembezi. Ubiza yena futhi iqala indaba lokho ayekutholile kulesi sifundazwe eminyakeni eyedlule. Abantu Phaeacians iqoqa izipho onothile kuye. Ngosizo lwabo, by speed isikebhe ishaya Odysseus ekhaya.

Nokho, Rodina, lihlangabezana iqhawe akuyona yokwamukela kakhulu.

Ukubulawa we suitors

Odysseus akafundi njengoba Athena sikuphendule kube. Yena yengamela kuhlukunyezwa ngabelusi eziphoqelelwa Penelope ukuthatha umyeni entsha. Odysseus engena nilwe Il. Athole zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukumeza ingxenye suitors ezingaba khona. Odysseus e ingxoxo Penelope ngokuzenza engumKrethe, abake ngihlangana nomyeni wakhe. Uzama ukujabulisa owesifazane eqiniseka ukuthi umyeni wakhe uzobuya. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umzanyana Evrikleya, lapho inkosikazi ka-Odysseus liyala ukuba ageze izinyawo zakhe, uthola isibanda yakhe, kodwa kugcina imfihlo ngaphansi kokujeziswa. Ngu kokuphefumulelwa Athens Penelope suit umncintiswano kyokushin, okuyinto is owned by Odyssey. Akekho abazobhapathizwa awukwazi ngisho donsa yezinhlamvu. Khona-Odysseus uthatha umnsalo ngosizo Athens, kanye Telemachus ubulala ababulali bakhe. Laertes futhi Penelope, owayeshonelwe ithemba lokuthi bangaphinde babuye bakhe, kwenza ngokwalo aziwa izimpawu eyaziwa kuphela kubo. Athena kusukela isivumelwano uZeyusi sika ukuthula phakathi inkosi yakwa Ithaca nezihlobo zalabo suitors abulawe. Ngemva kwalokho Odysseus ukuthula nokubusa.

Izinguqulo of Odyssey neminyaka yokugcina

Telegonia (indodana ka Circe futhi Odysseus) ngesikhathi omunye usuke ungekho yakhe ukuza Ithaca. Unina wayesemthumele ukuthola Odyssey. Phakathi izinzuzo futhi inkosi yase-Ithaca Kuyimpi. Telegonia ekulweni olimele amanxeba kuyise, yena akazi. Ngemva ukuhlonza ngasekupheleni, ngokusho version, uthatha isidumbu sakhe ukuze singcwatshwe ukuze Kirk. Ngamanye izinguqulo, Odysseus uyafa buthule Epirus Aetolia noma lapho udunyiswa njengoba uhlamvu kokuba amazwi kwesidumbu ngokukhululekile. Mhlawumbe lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa wendawo Odyssey osekunesikhathi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ke liye lasakazekela Italy.

Odyssey usezuze ithandwa enkulu. Izinganekwane yaseGrisi yasendulo namuhla athola udumo okukhulu. izinganekwane ngesiGreki zaziwa futhi abathandwa abantu emhlabeni wonke.