Yamalahle umkhakha - izinkinga futhi amathemba

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba kuyinto fuel namandla ayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I share imikhiqizo amandla e-GDP yomhlaba wonke okungenani ngo-10%. Izinga ukusetshenziswa kwalo okwandisa njalo ngonyaka, ngokulingana ukukhula emhlabeni umkhiqizo okwedlulele. Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla esikhathini sethu kukhona igesi, uwoyela, amalahle, uwoyela oluthambile kanye nokwe-uranium. Amafutha kanye negesi okwamanje ingafeza lukhulu, kodwa zigcine zabo kancane kancane, futhi endaweni ethile phakathi kwaleli khulu leminyaka uzobe isiphelile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalahle izothatha enye engu-200, ngisho ne ukukhiqizwa olunzulu kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ilahle umkhakha global liba ethandwa kakhudlwana. Manje cishe ngo-44% kagesi kuveza izitshalo amandla ezishisayo usebenzisa amalahle. Futhi, esisemqoka yokusansimbi e sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi ayoni. Iningi imali wamalahle bagxila esifundeni Asia-Pacific, eNyakatho Melika nase-CIS amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, China has abayisishiyagalolunye amalahle kanye neRussia yama - lesithupha. Ngo Kazakhstan, yagxila 3.6% wenani izinqolobane emhlabeni.

Oholela amalahle abathuthi kukhona amazwe ezifana USA, e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika, Venezuela neColombia. Futhi, lezi zihlanganisa Canada, Indonesia, Poland, eChina naseRussia. Embonini yamalahle kula mazwe ukunikeza odingekayo emhlabeni amalahle ngama-90%. Futhi abangenisa main kwalo mkhiqizo ezinye amazwe ase-Asia, ezifana eJapane, Taiwan neNingizimu Korea, kanye nakwamanye amazwe amaningana eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

amalahle Russian umkhakha - kuyinto amathani 193,3 zamaRandi efakazelwe amalahle. Ngaphansi kwalesi sibalo, idiphozithi yanoma anthracite, lignite, amalahle namalahle coking. Njengamanje, amalahle limbiwa 16 amalahle imicengezi, ehlanganisa 85 zikamasipala we Russian Federation. Kulokhu, komasipala 58 kukhona lonke emasimini sezimayini zamalahle esakha emhlabeni amabhizinisi amalahle.

Manje embonini yamalahle we Russian Federation - kuyinto ezimayini 85 lowo nyaka unika kwamanzi abangaba yizigidi ezingu-383 amathani amalahle. Ngokwesibonelo, izigidi ezingu-336 amathani amalahle yadalwa 2011 lezi ezimayini, okuyinto likhulu kunawo wonke selokhu kwachitheka USSR. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke sezimayini zamalahle umcengezi okwamanje Kuznetsk umcengezi. Kodwa, ngaphandle Kuzbass, zikhona eziningana ezifakwa ethembisa eRussia. Lifinyelela eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Eastern eSiberia naseMpumalanga Kansk-Achinsk umcengezi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi Amasimu kuzokhulisa ukukhiqizwa amalahle Russian.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, embonini yamalahle kuyinkinga umkhakha. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukulimala kwakhe emsebenzini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanye amazwe ukuchitha imadlana ukuze asekele lo umkhakha. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona nokushoda kwezimali ukuze kuvikeleke labour, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni abalimalayo nabafayo yabavukuzi. "Munye onguMholi" kulo mongo kukhona amazwe ezifana Russia nase China. Emayini lala mazwe bayafa minyaka yonke amakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zabantu.

Ngisho ngesikhathi izimayini zamalahle nokucubungula umonakalo imvelo. It is ezihambisana ngokuyinhloko ekushayweni njalo methane equkethwe ezimayini, umkhathi. Futhi ukucutshungulwa amalahle akuyona imvelo inqubo enobungane. Ngokwesibonelo, ekulungiseleleni amalahle coke uyabaselwa lokushisa ethile. Ngenxa yalokho, lukhipha carbon dioxide nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali eziyingozi, futhi inqwaba. Konke lokhu ezingcolisayo neqhaza nomphumela abamba ukushisa.

Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimfanelo embonini yamalahle ihlanganisa eziningi izinkinga, imboni emhlabeni namuhla namanje ngelinye lamavesi abaluleke kunawo wonke. Amalahle manje omunye main imithombo yamandla, njengoba izinqolobane zalo tando suffice iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo ozinzile futhi ephansi kakhulu kunalokho amanani lokunye oqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa uwoyela fuel at ezishisayo izitshalo amandla abiza 1.5 ngaphezulu kuyabiza kuka ukusetshenziswa amalahle. Futhi uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze anginakubuswa imithombo entsha amandla, 2030 amalahle kuyoba uhlobo lwamandla enilusebenzisa.