Jaropolk Svyatoslavich - Grand Prince of Kiev (945-980)

Omunye izibalo impikiswano kakhulu futhi impikiswano phakathi kwababusi Russia lasendulo yayingesinye iSikhulu Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich. Umlando wakhe igcwele ezihlukahlukene puzzle imibuzo, ngisho noma leliya lizwe isikhathi esifushane yesikhathi. Ingubani - engumashiqela futhi fratricide noma anyundele isisulu esingenacala izingobe of umfowabo omncane?

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ukuhumusha ngenxa Jaropolk nge isiSlavonic Esidala zezilimi esichazwa njengesono esiphambene "okhanyayo phakathi kwabantu." I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa futhi igama likanina ayaziwa kumlando. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa Jaropolk usuku lokuzalwa iminyaka 945. Kodwa abaphikisi babo bathi le nguqulo kuba untenable ngokuphelele, njengoba ngaleso sikhathi umbono owamukelwa kayise yayineminyaka emithathu kuphela. Abanye ochwepheshe baye basikisela nokuthi wayengumuntu wayeyindodana Princess Ugric Predslava, efana umfowabo u-Oleg.

Jaropolk uyise wayengumGreki Grand Prince of Kievskiy Svyatoslav Igorevich, ezazidume ngokutshala ngokunqoba eminingi phezu kwezitha zabo. Ikakhulukazi, umlawuli omkhulu wahlasela enamandla Khazar Khanate kanye Bulgarian Empire eDanube.

Ngokokuqala ngqá encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla igama Jaropolk livela 968. Kuyinto ngokungabi bikho Prince Svyatoslav weza kugasela Pechenegs Kiev, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isikhulu abasha kukhiyiwe esigodlweni nogogo wakhe Olga nabafowabo.

Ngo 970, uyise wamshiya njengoba eyizibulo, uphathe Kiev, futhi zayiswa umkhankaso olandelayo ngaphesheya iDanube. Lokhu wayenesikhathi ithuba bacabangisise yena romeyskoy uMbusi uJohn Tzimiskes. Grand Prince Kievskiy Svyatoslav waphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Kodwa endleleni ekhaya wabulawa yi-baseByzantium ebathenga Pecheneg Khan Qurei. phansi Russian waqala ukubusa lamadodana akhe amathathu, uVladimir, u-Oleg, Jaropolk, lona wamuva okwaba Grand Duke.

wokubusa Jaropolk

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich baba Grand Prince of eKiev ngo 972, ngemva kokushona kukayise. Abafowabo - Oleg futhi uVladimir eqala ukubusa, ngokulandelana, e Drevlyane namazwe Novgorod. Kodwa abadala basuke ekuqaleni neyaziwayo Jaropolk.

Abaphila Besikhathi babekholelwa Jaropolk iqhawe kunalokho abanesibindi ngaphandle ohlakaniphile. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, wayesalokhu wazama siphishekele izinqubomgomo asebenzayo kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Iziqondiso inqubomgomo angaphandle

Jaropolk inqubomgomo angaphandle uye kakhulu iye igxile amazwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Okufakazela lokhu lenxusa kuthunyelwe 973 eJalimane, enkantolo, uMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma Otto II Rufus. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, Jaropolk umshado umzala wakhe Cunegonde. Ngezinga elanele okungenzeka kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi rapprochement nge eJalimane yayihloselwe ukudala umfelandawonye ngokumelene Czech Republic nePoland.

Kodwa eByzantium abasha Prince baziphathe okuningi ngokuqapha, ukukhumbula aluboshelwa amaRoma maqondana uyise.

Jaropolk nobuKristu

Ubangela eziningi ingxoxo umbuzo indima ubuKristu ukuphila kwesikhulu Jaropolk. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi wabhapathizwa ngasese noma obala ababethi ukholo lobuKristu. Kodwa kunento eyodwa ecacile: Jaropolk Svyatoslavich ngempela abaqotho ukuba amaKristu abawaxoshanga kubo, ngokungafani nezinye babusi abangamaqaba lamazwe avunyelwe ukugubha ihlelo ukuthi labantu eyanelisayo abathi ukholo wawoyise. Kukholakala ukuthi amanxusa kulowo uMbusi Otto II imigomo yayo ubeka ikusasa umbhaphathizo Rus.

Yiqiniso, indima ebalulekile maqondana ubuKristu kudlalwa Jaropolk ukhulisa ugogo wakhe Olga ezathatha ukholo romeyskoy eConstantinople.

Nokho, ngesikhathi Jaropolk bazingcwabe kabusha nomfowabo u-Oleg, Prince Yaroslav Mudry ngaphambilini umbhaphathizo izinsalela zabo. Leli qiniso libonisa noma uhlale ebuqabeni Jaropolk kwaze kwaba sekufeni, noma ukuthi Yaroslav zingazi lutho ngalezi ubhapathizo bomfowabo kayise.

Ukubeka Jaropolk

I ovelele kakhulu imvelo Jaropolk was impela umbusi Sveneld. Mlando Iningi uyavumelana imvelaphi yakhe zaseScandinavia. indima ebalulekile, waqala ukudlala kabanzi ku Jaropolk Umkhulu - Prince Igor Rurik. Lapho Svyatoslav Sveneld baba enye yamadoda anamandla kakhulu eRussia, ayenakho isikwati siqu, lokuqoqa intela, wahambisana naleli yinkosana nokuhamba ezweni iDanube. Kukholakala ukuthi uma Yaropolk empeleni wagijima izindaba isimo. Sveneld wayenamadodana amabili - Lute revenge.

Ubufebe - omunye umbusi ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi Prince Yaropolk. Mhlawumbe wayeqokomisa indima ngemva Sveneld ukufa. Kamuva le ndoda ekhashelwa Jaropolk.

Varyazhko - VfB Jaropolk ngawo kungashiwo ke lwaqinisa izibopho zobungane. Waba qotho kakhulu kokwesikhulu.

umndeni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokusho version, kunenkolelo yokuthi Jaropolk Svyatoslavich umshado indodakazi Ukubala Kuno von Enengena Cunegonde, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, umshado akazange athathe indawo. Wabuye courted indodakazi yakhe Polotsk isikhulu Rogvolod - Rogneda, kodwa emva ukuthunjwa Polotsk nokubulala uyise, uVladimir ukuthi ngodlí inkosazana abe ngumkakhe.

Kodwa isikhulu Jaropolk Svyatoslavich wayesalokhu eshadile ukuba owesifazane ezinye ngesiGreki, umlando ogama lakhe bathulile. Cishe, wabe lathunjwa njengoba indondo kayise phakathi nemikhankaso Transdanubian. Annals uthi ngesikhathi kokufa komyeni wakhe, yena wayelindele ingane futhi sathathwa ukuba sibe isancinza sakhe yomfowabo uVladimir. Kulokhu, kuvela ukuthi indodana yakhe, uMbusi wesikhathi esizayo Kiev Svyatopolk le Uqalekisiwe, ingane Jaropolk. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lapho wamukelwa uVladimir. Nokho, ngokuvumelana enye inguqulo Kunalokho, wacabangela umndeni wakhe Scion.

Oleg Murder

Khonamanjalo waphula umbango phakathi Yaropolk nomfowabo u-Oleg, abusa Ovruch. Ukuqala ukungqubuzana lokubulala indodana yakhe Prince Drevlyansky izimantshi Sveneld - Lute. Isizathu kukholakala ukuthi beyifuna ngaphandle kwemvume esivuna Oleg, ukuthi ngezindinganiso medieval sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngempela kube icala elibomvu.

Sveneld ngokwemvelo labetibambile intukuthelo yakhe futhi njalo safuna ngenkani Jaropolk ukuya empini umfowabo, ukuze ukuba kulandiswe. Ekugcineni, iNkosi Kiev, wakhala. Ngo 977, lo mkhankaso ihlelwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho squad Oleg wahlulwa, yena wabulawa ukudideka lwempi.

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich mayelana wadabuka kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni kulo mcimbi. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, wayengumuntu kuphela unodoli ezandleni izimantshi wakhe onamandla onke, futhi ngakolunye - ke ngungqondongqondo ukuthunjwa Drevlyansky umhlaba. On the ubuqiniso version yesibili ibonisa izinkomba ngokwabo Yaropolk ngesikhathi ulilela Oleg, wathumela umfowabo yokuzingela e Ljuta umhlaba. Injongo isenzo esinjalo singabiza eyodwa - ukuze kuvuswe impi fratricidal. Nokho, isamba sazo zonke ezinye lukhombisa ukuthi cishe Jaropolk kwaba yithoyizi ka nethimba lakhe.

Inkulumo uVladimir ngokumelene Jaropolk

Lapho ezwa ngokufa kwamadodana Oleg empini ku Yaropolk, iSikhulu Novgorod, uVladimir wanquma ukuthi igalelo elilandelayo kuzokwenza umfowabo omdala wesazi enakho. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukuba abalekele eScandinavia. Lapho, uVladimir Elikhulu yazuza eqinile Varangian onogada, sasithuthela umfowabo.

Khonamanjalo Jaropolk ephethwe ukusungula igunya lawo Novgorod. Kodwa uVladimir kalula baphinde umuzi ngokwawo. Endleleni eya Kiev, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wamisa sizana Jaropolk - Polotsk isikhulu Rogvolod, washisa ikomkhulu lombuso wakhe, futhi indodakazi Rogneda ngaphambilini eyingoduso nomfowabo omdala, oshadile. Kule umshado yena wazalwa kamuva Ngokuzayo Grand UMbusi Kiev Yaroslav Mudry.

UVladimir Landelayo nebutho lakhe lafika Kiev. Voivod Ubufebe, eyaqala kakhulu efile Cishe ngesikhathi Sveneld, ngokukhohlisa waqhubeka uzungu iSikhulu Novgorod athonya Jaropolk ushiye dolobha. Yena Saphephela ivikelwe kahle ezincane edolobheni bomdabu, emfuleni Ros.

ukufa Jaropolk

UVladimir ovinjezelwe Jaropolk. Omuzi aqala indlala embi kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa kwaloba Ubufebe Novgorod isikhulu singavunyiswa umfowabo ukuba uxoxisane naye. Nakuba druzhinnik Varyazhko ngokucijile kuqhathaniswa lokhu, zokusola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Lapho Jaropolk weza endaweni izingxoxo, yena ngokukhohlisa wabulala Scandinavians ezimbili kwezinhloko zamaviyo Novgorod. Kwathi ngonyaka 978.

Abasaya impikiswano ngendima uVladimir ekubulaweni umfowabo. Izazi-mlando eziningi ozama idealize umfanekiso Baptist ikusasa Russia ngisibeke nokusola nangobudlova ka amaViking. Kodwa, cishe, lokubulala oda elinikwe igama uVladimir. Kunoma ikuphi, yomlando wakhe igcwele ezihlukahlukene namanye amaqiniso ukusho ukuthi Baptist Russia lalingabulawa kalula ukukwenza.

Jaropolk indima emlandweni

Phakathi mlando namanje ukufuthelana mpikiswano ngokuthi ubani owayemkhulu Jaropolk: ubhongoza lokuqala internecine ukungqubuzana, noma isisulu inqubomgomo abazalwane okuzingela futhi izimantshi izingqongqo? Obusa ke lincane kakhulu ezinye izikhulu Kievan. Ithebula kwezikhathi IBhodi ezahlukweni wokubusa kwakhe, eyisithupha kuphela ubudala. Nakuba u-Oleg wagijima impahla yabo engu-30, Igor - engu-33, Svyatoslav - engu-27, futhi uVladimir - amaningi njengoba 37 iminyaka.

Iphinde uhlala akucacile yini ebingenzeka ukwamukelwa kobuKristu eRussia, ogcwele Prince Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych ukumehlula umfowabo? Futhi bonke baye bahlakulela isiphetho isimo Russian kulesi simo? Kodwa umlando akamazi kwemizwelo subjunctive. Enye into icacile: ubunikazi kanye indima Grand UMbusi Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich asalindele kokuhlaziywa ngendlela efanele esikhathini esizayo.