Uyini meridians futhi ukufana? Indlela ukucacisa meridians futhi ukufana? Meridians futhi ihambelana Ural

Namuhla emhlabeni akukho endaweni eyodwa ukuthi kwakungeke ziye zafunda indoda, noma okungenani wayengazange wavakashela! Ulwazi oluthe xaxa okwavela ebusweni iplanethi, kwaphakama umbuzo esiphuthumayo ngaphezulu ekutholeni indawo into. Meridians futhi ukufana, okuyizinto tincenye igridi degree, ngokusiza ukuthola ikheli ezindawo ka the iphuzu oyifunayo, futhi lula inqubo orientation emephini.

umlando ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe

Isintu kungapheli ngokushesha indlela lelula sokunquma izixhumanisi into, njengoba ekubalweni longitude yayo emkhathini. Ajwayelekile sonke esikoleni, emgqeni main kancane kancane uvele imithombo yolwazi cartographic. Ngezansi ulwazi ngezigaba ambalwa ayinhloko emlandweni ukuthuthukiswa wesayensi, geography ukufunda izinkanyezi, okuyinto kwaholela ekusungulweni impucuko amakhadi lesimanje ukhululekile degree igridi.

• Enye "abasunguli" ka ngesayensi yemvelo kubhekwa - Aristotle, owaba ngowokuqala wafakazela ukuthi iplanethi has simise eyindilinga.

• Umhlaba abahambi lasendulo babengene oqaphelayo kakhulu, futhi ngaphawula ukuthi isibhakabhaka (i izinkanyezi), kulula ukulandelela isiqondiso C (enyakatho) - Yu (eningizimu). Nangu line waba "Meridian" lokuqala, i-analog okuyinto zingatholakala kumephu silula.
• Eratosthenes, ngubani kangcono esaziwa ngokuthi i- "uyise lwesifundo isayensi" kuye kwafeza lukhulu eminingi etholakale ezincane nezinkulu ezathonya kumiswa Geodesy. Waqale wasebenzisa skafis (alelo washi lika lasendulo) ukubala ukuphakama kwelanga angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa emadolobheni ahlukene futhi baye baqaphela umehluko okukhulu izilinganiso yawo incike isikhathi sosuku kanye isizini. Eratosthenes ukwambulile isixhumanisi phakathi wesayensi ezifana nesayensi geodesy, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza kungenzeka ukwenza izifundo eziningi futhi izilinganiso izindawo eliwumhlaba ngosizo izindikimba zasezulwini.

igridi degree

meridians eminingi ukufana aphambana ebalazweni noma imbulunga, abanobunye igridi kwendawo "izikwele". Iseli ngalinye ukhawulelwe imigqa kwaso ngezinga elithile. Ngakho, ngosizo Kulegridi, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthola into oyifunayo. Isakhiwo atlases eziningi eziklanyelwe ukuze Amakhasi ngabanye ezibhekwa izikwele ezahlukene ivumela ukuthi ukutadisha ngendlela ehlelekile noma yimuphi umngcele. With ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi ezindawo sashintsha futhi wonke. Meridians futhi ukufana okukhona ngaleso onobuhle lokuqala kakhulu, okuyinto uma kungenjalo equkethwe konke ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana ne-Earth izinto, kodwa ukunikeza umqondo indawo eseduze amaphuzu ofiselekayo. amakhadi yamanje zinezinto saziso ehlanganisa degree anezikhala. izixhumanisi kuchazwa uyisebenzisa.

Tincenye igridi degree

• Pole - North (ephezulu) ne-South (ngezansi), lawo ngamaphuzu lapho meridians bukhomba. Bangabaholi virtual umugqa ukuphuma endaweni ethiwa eksisi.
• Kwe-Arctic Circle. Njengoba uqala emngceleni ezindaweni ezikuma-pole. Arctic Circle (amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu) zitholakala 23 ukufana maqondana izingongolo.
• Zero Meridian. Uyahlukana surface eMhlabeni e-Eastern futhi Nenkabazwe Western futhi unamagama ezimbili: Greenwich futhi Eyisisekelo. Zonke meridians ube nobude obufanayo futhi phezu komhlaba noma ikhadi exhunywe isigxobo.
• Yenkabazwe. He is parallel omude kunayo yonke, thola indlela yabo eya W (entshonalanga) B (empumalanga), okuyinto uhlukanisa iplanethi e eNingizimu nase-Nyakatho Nenkabazwe. Zonke ezinye imigqa zifana nenkabazwe, zinobukhulu obungalinganiko - ubude bawo incipha ngase-pole.
• Tropical. Futhi ezimbili - Capricorn (South) Nomdlavuza (North). Tropical esisogwini 66th enyakatho kuqondane and eseningizimu yenkabazwe.

Indlela ukucacisa meridians futhi ukufana we iphuzu oyifunayo?

Iyiphi into emhlabeni has a nobude! Ngisho noma ingane yakho encane kangaka noma, kunalokho, impela eyodwa enkulu! Anqume meridians futhi ukufana into bese uthole izixhumanisi iphuzu - umphumela ofanayo, njengoba kunquma degree of imigca ikheli ezindawo ka endaweni oyifunayo. Ngezansi plan of action, angasetshenziswa ekubaleni izixhumanisi.

Algorithm sokunquma ikheli ezindawo into kumephu

1. Cacisa lesifanele igama lendawo into. amaphutha Annoying kwenzeke ngenxa yokuntuleka banal ukunakwa, isibonelo: umfundi wenza iphutha igama iphuzu oyifunayo uhlonzwe izixhumanisi okungalungile.
2. Lungiselela Atlas, ipensela ebukhali noma pointer futhi khulu. La mathuluzi kuzosiza ukunquma ngokunembile ngaphezulu ikheli into oyifunayo.
3. Khetha ibalazwe emikhulu we Atlas, enikezwe oyifunayo endaweni yezwe. Esikalini ezincane kwemephu, amaphutha ngaphezulu zenzeka izibalo.
4. Nquma isilinganiso into izakhi eziyisisekelo kugridi. I-algorithm lokhu inqubo uvezwa ngemva kwendima "Kubalwa usayizi insimu."
5. Uma iphuzu edingekayo akuyona ngqo umugqa ezaphawula ebalazweni, thola olandelayo, okuyinto abe ukuqokwa kwamanani. Degree imigqa, ngokuvamile wabonisa azungezwe ekhadini, okungenani - emgqeni yenkabazwe.
6. Ekunqumeni umsuka kubalulekile ukuthola, ngokusebenzisa noma iyiphi inombolo ye-degree elise izici ezifanayo kanye meridians kumephu bese kahle ukubala engaziwa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izakhi degree igridi ngaphandle umugqa oyinhloko kungenziwa shi ngokusebenzisa yingasiphi surface eMhlabeni.

Kubalwa usayizi zensimu

• Uma ufuna ukubala ubukhulu bento e amakhilomitha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubude degree elilodwa ilebula lokumaka ngethikhi kulingana - 111 km.
• Ukuze sithole Ubude into W E (uma itholakala ngokuphelele kwelinye ama-: East noma West) latitude ngokwanele enkulu omunye amaphuzu kakhulu, Khupha sakugcina nande le nombolo by 111 km.
• Uma kubalulekile ukubala ubude indawo N ukuze S (kuphela uma lapho sonke etholakala omunye ama-: South noma North), kubalulekile kusuka neku- ikuphi omunye amaphuzu kakhulu, ususe ezincane ke uphindaphinde isamba okuholela nge 111 km .
• Uma into sidlula endaweni Greenwich Meridian, ukubala ubude bayo W e E isiqondiso latitude amaphuzu kakhulu kunezelwa ke isamba yabo iphindwe 111 km.
• Uma endaweni into kunqunywa yenkabazwe, ukunquma ubude bayo ukusuka N ukuze S kumelwe ukungezwa lamadigri amaphuzu longitude kakhulu kule isiqondiso, futhi isibalo okuholela iyanda yi 111 km.

Indlela ukucacisa isilinganiso into ukuze izakhi eziyisisekelo igridi degree?

• Uma into ngezansi yenkabazwe, nobubanzi balo kuphela eningizimu, uma okungenhla - enyakatho.
• Uma iphuzu oyifunayo itholakala ku-kwesokudla Meridian prime, longitude salo empumalanga, uma kwesokunxele - entshonalanga.
• Uma into ingaphezu 66 degree enyakatho noma uyafana eningizimu, khona-ke engena elihambisana esifundeni polar.

Ukunqunywa ovundlile Ukudidiyela

Njengoba abaningi izintaba babe Ngezinga elikhulu bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, kanye meridians futhi ukufana aphambana izinto ezifana ehlukile degree value, ohlelweni lokunquma ikheli ezindawo kuhambisana imibuzo eminingi. Lokhu okulandelayo embodiments aphakanyisiwe kokubala izixhumanisi okusezingeni eliphezulu ezindaweni zase-Eurasia.

Caucasus

Izintaba ewumbukwane zitholakala phakathi izindawo ezimbili amanzi zaleli zwekazi kusukela oLwandle Olumnyama ukuze yoLwandle iCaspian. Meridians futhi ukufana we iziNtaba zaseCaucasus inamazinga ahlukahlukene, ngakho lokho ezibhekwa kubalulekile ikheli ohlelweni? Kulokhu, sigxila iphuzu esiphezulu. Lokho izixhumanisi uhlelo entabeni eCaucasus - a kwendawo ikheli isiqongo Elbrus, okuyinto ilingana - 42 degrees imizuzu engu-30 enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi 45 degrees longitude empumalanga.

zaseHimalaya

The esiphezulu ohlelweni entabeni e izwekazi lethu - zaseHimalaya. Meridians futhi ukufana, kokuba ezahlukene value-degree, uwele leli indawo kaningi njengokuthanda oshiwo ngenhla. Indlela ukucacisa izixhumanisi kwalesi simiso? Thina uqhubeke ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ezintabeni Ural, sigxila iphuzu esiphezulu ohlelweni. Ngakho, izixhumanisi uqondane indawo zaseHimalaya Dzhomolungma isiqongo, futhi lokhu - 29 degrees imizuzu 49 enyakatho-latitude 83 degrees namaminithi 23 longitude 31 imizuzwana empumalanga.

izintaba Ural

Omude kunayo yonke owake e izwekazi lethu - zase-Ural. Meridians futhi ukufana, kokuba ezahlukene degree amagugu aphambana into bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Ukuze sithole izixhumanisi ezintabeni Ural kumele uthole isikhungo yabo ebalazweni. Leli phuzu kuyoba indawo into - degrees 60 enyakatho nenkabazwe kanye ne-longitude efanayo. Le ndlela yokunquma izixhumanisi ovundlile kwamukelekile ukuba izinhlelo kokuba obuphelele ezinkulu kwelinye direction noma kokubili.