Odessa labantu: usayizi kanye nokusungulwa

Muva nje, Odessa yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi emadolobheni. Nokho, namuhla leli isimo akasekho edolobheni. Uyini labantu Odessa namuhla? Yini ubuzwe ixazululwe eNingizimu Palmyra nendlela eziphila ngayo lapha?

Inani labantu base-edolobheni lase-Odessa nezinombolo zayo

I last yokubala abantu e-Ukraine kwenziwa, njengoba yaziwa, ngo-2001. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangihlala Odessa kwesigidi futhi 29 eziyinkulungwane abantu. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, Caledonia, ngeshwa, walahlekelwa yayo emadolobheni isimo. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kwaba depopulation jikelele kulo lonke lelo zwe (ngenxa, okokuqala kunakho konke, amazinga aphansi okuzala ngesilinganiso).

Bangaki abantu abahlala namuhla e-Odessa? ukuvikelwa komphakathi sabantu, ngokusho kombiko wokulungiselela, inika sibalo zezakhamuzi 1,029,650 (Nokho, akukhona zaba labantu unomphela nezamanje). Ngamanye amazwi, lo muzi waphinda wakunqoba kwezigidi ezingu uphawu. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa kwatheleka abalulekile zababaleki ababevela kuwo East Odessa Ukraine.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ehlobo labantu Odessa kubonakale anda ngenxa abavakashi. Odessans ngisho sintele sithi ngo-September, "usuku yokukhululwa idolobha lesibili."

Uyini Ukwakheka ubulili labantu kuleli dolobha? Ngokusho izibalo ezitholakalayo, ke uhlala Odessa 53% abesifazane kanye 47% abesilisa.

Babekholelwa izakhamuzi Odessa? Umlando kubalwa kokuqala

Odessa, njengoba yaziwa, yasungulwa ngo-1794. Kulesi kunzima ukukukholelwa, kodwa ngalezo zinsuku, "ukuyenga" abantu kuleli dolobha kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela umsebenzi onzima. Ukhangwa abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo ogwini Black Sea ngosizo izinzuzo ahlukahlukene: izindlu embuso, umklomelo imali ruble 150, futhi uyakufanelekela ukukhululwa enkonzweni yezempi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá labantu Odessa isivele babale 1795. Ngaleso sikhathi abantu abantu 2349 kuleli dolobha. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, cishe 25% kule nombolo babe serfs eyayibaleke nezinye izifunda of the Empire, Russian. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX iqala ukwakha ngokushesha amyisa ethekwini laseKhesariya e-Odessa. Lo mcimbi ube umshayeli ukhiye ekuheheni izakhamizi esisha edolobheni.

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka ka 1817 wabonisa ukuthi inani labantu Odessa liye landa abantu abayizinkulungwane 32. Futhi engamashumi amabili kamuva, ngokuqinisekile wawudlula milestone 50,000th. Nokho, kubalwa kokuqala sina owaqhutshelwa e-Odessa 1892. City Council uye lesabelwe kusebenta kwaso ruble ezingaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane. Census yayithatha izinsuku ezintathu! Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ngemva lokuqoqa amakhadi bureau kwezibalo kamasipala ekugcineni wamemezela isibalo jikelele abantu abayizinkulungwane 336! Kulokhu, zonke izakhamuzi wesithathu sikhathi Odessa wayengumJuda.

Ukwakheka yobuhlanga sabantu

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi labantu Odessa kuyinto zamazwe ngamazwe ahlukene. Namuhla kukhona bahlale ndawonye ngokuthula futhi Russian Ukraine, baseBulgaria kanye baseMoldova, amaJuda Armenia.

Ngakho, ukwakheka yobuhlanga sabantu Odessa zanamuhla: eminingi kakhulu isizwe emzini kukhona Ukraine (cishe ngo-62%). Basuke kulandele Russian (29%), Bulgaria (1.3%), amaJuda (1.2%), baseMoldova (1%) kanye Belarusians nabasePoland, Armenia, amaGreki nezinye izizwe.

I-Jewish umphakathi wase-Odessa nomlando wayo

Inamandla emphakathini wamaJuda e-Odessa Selokhu kwathi nhlo ukhona. Mayelana 125.000 amaJuda kwakukhona emzini ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Nakuba bahlala eduze Odessa ngaphambi kokusekelwa umuzi ngokwawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi batholé endaweni le nqaba Turkish Hadzhibey itshe lethuna Jewish sangomhla ngonyaka 1770.

Kakade ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII emzini eyakhelwe esinagogeni lokuqala esikoleni izingane bamaJuda. Ngo 1809, e-Odessa kwesinye esasivela eMoldova Bender efika futhi ubona sengathi urabi lokuqala - Yitzhak Rabinovich. Uma ogwini Yakhiwa itheku elikhulu, amaJuda efika e-Odessa nakakhulu. Khona manjalo bahlanganyele ukuphila edolobheni, wagijima ngisho abaqokelwe emkhandlwini wedolobha.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, Kwakungewona amaJuda esingaphansi 32% e-Odessa. At onawo zabo, lomuzi lwalunezisekelo 7 emasinagogeni izikole 89 futhi izihloko ezingamakhulu amabili (izikole aphansi). Kwabe sekufika inguquko, futhi ngemva kwaso - empini kanye nomsebenzi we-Nazi, ngemva kwalokho isibalo leli qembu yobuhlanga lancipha ngu kayi-30!

Namuhla, Odessa emphakathini wamaJuda enezinto eziningi izinkulisa, izikole kanye nokutadisha okunzulu isiHeberu. Lapho, amaJuda Odessa futhi club lomame, kanye nezitolo kosher kanye zokudlela. Odessa emphakathini wamaJuda ishicilela iphephandaba ayo, okuyinto basakaza mahhala.

umphakathi baseMoldova Odessa nomlando wayo

Esinye isizwe esinabantu abaningi abahlala e-Odessa - iyona baseMoldova. Phela, kuze kube semngceleni baseMoldova ngedolobha Ukrainian ifinyeleleke - amakhilomitha 50 nje kude. Futhi omunye ezifundeni Odessa ngokuthi - iMoldavian.

BaseMoldova, nase-Ukraine, ngokwabo ngokuvamile uthanda ukukhumbula ukuthi kule minyaka engu-650 eminyakeni ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili kwakungekho empini. BaseMoldova abahlala Odessa, usebenzisane kahle nomuntu Ukraine, ebabizela ngu elinokuthula futhi bekhuthele kakhulu.

Ngokusho idatha yamuva, eNingizimu Palmyra uhlala okungenani 8000 baseMoldova. Futhi kuzo zonke zazo Odessa esifundeni, kukhona izinkulungwane 125. Odessa baseMoldova bekwi kwelinye izwe ngokuyinhloko izinto ezintathu - ezolimo, abamabhizinisi nososayensi. Phakathi osolwazi nabafundisi izikhungo ephakeme zemfundo Odessa eziningi abantu ezweni elingumakhelwane.

BaseMoldova Odessa uzizwe lula kakhulu futhi zikhululekile. Ayikho inkinga yolimi bengakwenzi, njengoba umthetho, zingabantu kahle isi-Ukraine nesiRussia. Abameleli lokhu esizweni esincane zigubha Folk imikhosi zawo ezingokwesiko Odessa: Mertsishor futhi Malanka. Phela, it is usekelwa umphakathi Odessa yohlobo baseMoldova zonke-Ukraine "Ray Ferou" iphephandaba, okuyinto libhalwe ngolimi baseMoldova amalungu abaHlakazekile.

Odessa: igesi. Izimali for labantu

yamanani okusha Ukushisa kanye negesi - umbuzo okungukuthi ukukhathalela kakhulu izakhamuzi Odessa. Ngo-May 2015 ibhizinisi wendawo "Odessagaz" kumemezela izimali ezintsha ukuze izakhamuzi zedolobha.

Ngakho, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke zikaphethiloli (for abaqashi ezindlini ngenqubo evamile igesi endzaweni lephephile) anda izikhathi 3 futhi namuhla 21,56 hryvnia umuntu ngamunye. Kodwa iziphethu abanikazi kufanele ukhokhe 64,69 hryvnia umuntu ngamunye.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi anda amanani for Ukushisa namanzi ashisayo. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe imitha cubic yamanzi ukufuthelana kusuka Odessa manje udinga babeka 42,14 USD. New Ukushisa izinga 16.7 USD. ngesikhathi "imitha" endaweni. Okuthathelwa kukho, omunye hryvnia - kuba mayelana ruble Russian engaphezudlwana kwemithathu.

isiphetho

Odessa - enkulu ethekwini edolobheni eningizimu ye-Ukraine, ogama labantu zokhahlamba kusuka abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Kukhona amashumi bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Ukraine, amaJuda isiRashiya, Moldavians, baseBulgaria, nakumaGreki Armenia.