DHCP - Iyini? Ilungiselela DHCP, futhi ongakhetha ukumisa. Indlela vumela noma vimbela DHCP?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi yonke idivayisi inethiwekhi, kungaba i-computer, i-laptop, ithebhulethi noma ifoni, kufanele ibe ne-id ethize imeyili - IP-ikheli, kanye isethi nemingcele imaski, esangweni, nedatha DNS-server. Ikheli kokusetshenziswa kubonwa inethiwekhi lapho uxhumeke ngokushesha uzama ukusuka imishini ekhethekile, okuyinto waziphatha ukusatshalaliswa amakheli othomathikhi. Uma imishini okunjalo akukhona ke umsebenzisi ukungena izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ngesandla. Uma inethiwekhi has a lot of amakhompyutha, kungase kube amaphutha amakheli ekhuluma futhi impinda, okuholela ukwehluleka ohlelweni bese wehlisa ijubane ukusebenza inethiwekhi. Ngo inethiwekhi ekhaya, ngokungabi bikho i amakheli othomathikhi tekukhipha babe ukubhalisa izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ngesandla kudivayisi ngalinye yokuxhuma, isibonelo, router. Akuwona wonke umsebenzisi inolwazi olugcwele nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ukuze kahle ukushintsha lezi izilungiselelo. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya, abasebenzisi amaningi kakhulu zama akusebenzise ukusatshalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo amakheli, okungukuthi phaka iseva DHCP.

DHCP - Iyini?

Ake sihlole lo mbuzo. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, Usokhaya Dynamic Ukucushwa (DHCP) protocol seyenziwe ngekheli. Lesi isici enikeza ashukumisayo izilungiselelo ukusatshalaliswa inethiwekhi ukuxhuma imishini iklayenti. Uma amadivayisi e inketho izilungiselelo kufanele 'wamukele IP-ikheli kwiseva DHCP kuphela "futhi DHCP amandla, umthwalo wonke elungile izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kumakhompyutha iklayenti uthunyelwa DHCP-server. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko ukwesekela nokuphatha inethiwekhi, kanye nokusiza ukugwema amaphutha ukusatshalaliswa amakheli. Yesevisi, okubandakanya DHCP, iqala nge-othomathikhi uma uvula kunoma iyiphi idivayisi esekela yezintambo noma engenantambo zenethiwekhi ngokwakhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-tablet yakho noma ifoni kwanele ukufaka-Wi-Fi kanye amadivayisi atholakele, usabalalisa internet, thola akhe futhi sixhume kuso. Kulokhu, ukusatshalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo IP aqede ukuphindaphindeka futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuyasiza ukugwema inethiwekhi izingxabano.

Kangakanani ukusatshalaliswa amakheli

Phakathi yokuxhuma kunoma iyiphi idivayisi kunethiwekhi okuvezwa isicelo esikhethekile ukuthumela kunethiwekhi ukuze uthole izinketho nomthengisi ukuthi DHCP iseva kunethiwekhi. Yilokhu iseva nokuthi kubaluleke inethiwekhi esikhulu? Ngakho-ke ngokuthi idivayisi unesibopho wokusabalalisa amakheli amakhompyutha akwinethiwekhi ukusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amaklayenti ezahlukene. Uma omunye iseva likhona, kwakha iphakethe ephendula isicelo iklayenti, okungabandakanya izilungiselelo ezifana ikheli le-IP, subnet buso, lomasango imingcele,-DNS iseva amakheli, igama lesizinda, nokunye. D., athume iphakethe kudivayisi iklayenti . Iklayenti uthola isignali yokuqinisekisa kusukela kuseva DHCP. I elakhiwe packet data kuyinto zifane, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukususa ukubhala futhi usebenzise cishe yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza.

Amapharamitha ezikhishwa iseva amadivaysi iklayenti azibalulekile okulungisekayo usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi, okuyinto has igama layo - "isikhathi sokuqasha". Amakheli ikhishelwa iseva ihlaziye umdlalo ngekheli wamanje unexpired ukuqasha isikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela ukukopishwa ikheli siqedwa. Isikhathi sokuqasha ngokuvamile sibeke encane - kusuka amahora ambalwa izinsuku 4-6. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, idivayisi ephinda kisiphakeli futhi ithola ikheli efanayo (uma ikhona), noma etholakalayo.

iklayenti yokucushwa othomathikhi ukumisa inethiwekhi ye-Windows

Ukuze amaklayenti wathola izilungiselelo ngempendulo yenethiwekhi kusukela DHCP, kudingeka uhlole izilungiselelo ambalwa Control Panel sekhompyutha (kuxoxwa ngazo yesistimu yokusebenza njengesibonelo se-Windows). Ukuze wenze lokhu, hamba ku-Qala ke - in the Control Panel (ufuna ukushintshela embonweni zakudala) bese ukhetha "noxhumo." Ukukhetha ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ehlelelwe umhla ukusebenza DHCP, chofoza kukho inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla bese uya "Properties" lento. Ku-window esivula, ukuya Properties of the Internet protocol TCP / IP. DHCP - Iyini? Kuyinto ukuthola izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi othomathikhi. Ngakho-ke sigubha ongakhetha amaphuzu ukuthola ngokuzenzakalela IP-ikheli kanye DNS. Emva kokuba ukhethile, chofoza "OK". DHCP ukucushwa usuphothuliwe on the amaklayenti. Manje Idivayisi izothola ikheli kusukela DHCP-iseva ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho Windows iqala.

Ilungiselela DHCP Windows 7 efakwe efanayo, kodwa indawo izakhiwo adapters kancane sihluke Windows XP. Vele uye Qala - Control Panel - Network Management kanye Ukwabelana Centre. Khetha "Shintsha izilungiselelo adaptha" kumenyu ngakwesokunxele. Khona - efana okungenhla, ngokuvumelana izilungiselelo Windows XP.

Ukubeka ukusatshalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo amakheli kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenzisa

Kumadivayisi Linux- noma Android-powered mayelana nesigameko efakwe DHCP-iseva kungekho inethiwekhi inkinga. Umuntu udinga kuphela ukufaka esibonakalayo inethiwekhi (olunezintambo noma okungenantambo), ukulinda kuze kube labetibambile ukushintshanisa kwe-data phakathi idivayisi iphinde iseva DHCP futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi etholakala kanye kufakwe ngempumelelo. inkonzo DHCP cishe wonke amadivaysi kuvunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma uxhumano kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole isimo othomathikhi reception amakheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-Android, uhlelo lokusebenza salokhu, iya kuzilungiselelo - Network Besprovodnyve - Izilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi - Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukhetho "ukusebenzisa static IP-ikheli" ikhutshaziwe.

Idatha DHCP ngocansi

Izinketho DHCP - kukhona imingcele zazo ngobulili kusukela kuseva kuya kuklayenti. Konke lokhu imingcele ukudluliswa zihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Kukhona inketho saziso, isib IP-ikheli kanye subnet buso. Kube nenastraivaemye ongakhetha isevisi, isibonelo, ukhombise isiqalo nesiphetho inketho iphakethe ngocansi. Ngezinye ongakhetha ewumgogodla - ejwayelekile ukhiye-value ngazimbili kungabonwa futhi izinqubomgomo zokuphepha setha.

nemingcele Key iphakethe DHCP, ngaphandle-IP ikheli kanye imaskhi 3 (Indlela), 6 (Domain Name amaseva), 44 (NBT Igama amaseva), 46 (NBT Node Uhlobo). iqembu Lezi izilungiselelo, okungukuthi, angase abe nezincazelo eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube amakheli eziningana kwama noma-DNS iseva. Amanani inketho zilungiswa ekucushweni DHCP-server.

izilungiselelo DHCP kuseva

Ngaphambi ukumisa amasethingi, udinga ukwenza izibalo ezimbalwa ongakhetha DHCP main. Yini ukuthi ongakhetha ezinjalo? - You buza. Inketho - kungcono zonke izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, okuyinto kuthiwa ngocansi kusukela kuseva kuya kuklayenti. Izinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko - wakhipha uhla amakheli subnet buso. Yonke ibanga lamakheli yenhlangano ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana for imisebenzi ehlukene, ezifana ezokuxhumana, static amakheli iseva, nokunye. Ngoba amakheli static azisetshenziswa esandleni, ukudala i umthwalo eyengeziwe on the server, zibe lwamakheli e kungenziwa wakhipha mkhawulo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ububanzi yokusebenza can 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254 ikheli 1 kuya ku-10 ukuze kutholakale zokuxhumana, kusukela ngo-11 kuya ku-30 - seseva futhi DHCP ukukhetha uhla kusuka 31 kuya 254. Lokho, ikheli noma iyiphi iseva esikhishwe iklayenti, buyakulala kuphela kuleli banga. Futhi unga tune ku siyalahla uhla ikheli ngaphandle, futhi, futhi, ngeke lusatshalaliselwe amadivayisi amakhasimende.

Ngokulandelayo, ngaphambi ulungisela iseva DHCP, kumelwe unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho le ntengo isazoba siphele amandla. Sikhona yini isidingo ukusabalalisa, isibonelo, kwemigomo Isango noma DNS. Ngemva kwale datha wangena ku iseva, bese eqala iseva yayo kusebenze iqala usabalalisa amakheli.

Ikhaya le-DHCP-iseva

Ezezindlu njengoba DHCP-amaseva ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imizila, okuyinto etholakala kusuka kumhlinzeki wokuqukethwe esabalalisa ikhaya ubuchwepheshe - computer, laptops, izingcingo, amathelevishini namanye amadivayisi ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi ngendlela yezintambo noma engenantambo. Lokhu kudala into efana iseva virtual, umthengisi ukhuluma abasebenzisi. Kusukela ngaphandle kubonakala sengathi umsebenzisi okwalesi computer eyodwa amakhasi ambalwa kusiphequluli. Kulokhu, eqinisweni, router eyodwa kuphela ixhunywe kunethiwekhi zangaphandle. Lokhu kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ugcine on inani lemigqa axhunyiwe.

Ukusetha i-othomathikhi ekhuluma kwi-router

Ukuze ulungise ukusatshalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo nekheli amadivayisi kudingeka ukuba uxhume router kwikhompyutha (laptop) inethiwekhi yentambo ekhaya. Ngo isiphi isiphequluli sinquma ikheli router (ngokuvamile 192.168.0.1). Inkambu okuhlongozwayo isicelo ngemvume bese ufaka iphasiwedi ezizenzakalelayo «admin» (ngokuvamile idatha ebekiwe kuleli bhukwana yokusebenza ye-router). Ngenxa yalokho, imenyu uzobona izilungiselelo router sika. Siya Amaforamu noma Lan Network (igama ingahluka) futhi uthole sub-menu izilungiselelo DHCP. Ngiyinika kanjani uvule amakheli router ukusatshalaliswa? Vele uphawu imigqa unike amandla DHCP futhi iqalise router.

Ilungiselela DHCP router

Uma izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo engavumelani, ungakwazi ukushintsha nemingcele ukucushwa. Esikhathini imenyu efanayo lapho sifake umsebenzi ikheli ukusatshalaliswa, ungafaka uhla ukusatshalaliswa IP amakheli, ezifana 192.153.0.1 - 192.153.0.3. Ukuze umsebenzi ungacacisa amakheli ezimbili kuphela, isibonelo, i-laptop kanye umakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu kukhawulela inani lamadivayisi okuhambisanayo, okuyinto uxhumano silula evikelwe.

Ngokulandelayo, ukumisa esangweni (Gataway). Lokhu-IP ikheli zedivayisi lapho amadivayisi internet. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela kuyafana IP-ikheli router.

Njengoba wadala izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo, kufanele abasindise bese uqala kabusha router. Ngokushesha ngemva izilungiselelo ukuqalisa phansi zizosebenza.

Ngaphambi ukukhubaza DHCP, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi idivayisi yakho ine ikheli static. Ukuze ukhubaze othomathikhi ukusatshalaliswa isidingo ukususa isheke uphawu kusukela DHCP inketho izilungiselelo router, ukulondoloza izinguquko futhi uqalise idivayisi.