Saprophytes - a ... Amakhowe saprophitic

Eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezilapho. Njengoba eyaziwayo, ihlukaniswe yaba imibuso emine: bacterium, izitshalo, izilwane kanye nesikhunta. Phakathi kwala maqembu kukhona igebe elikhulu. Kodwa kukhona phakathi kwabo kukhona enifana, isibonelo, kukhona saprophytes kanye nezinambuzane embusweni ngamunye. Ake sihlole yonke le kabanzi.

Ukuhlukana izidalwa eziphilayo ngohlobo ukudla

Zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila ukuqinisekisa ukhona kudinga ngokufaka osuka ngaphandle izinto ezithile noma amandla. Inqubo ukusetshenziswa kulezi Kubitwa ngekutsi ngemandla.

Ngu indlela yokondla zonke izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - eziphilayo uyakwazi ngokuzimela esikhiqiza nesidzingo sekutsi udaba eziphilayo kusuka wezinto ezingaphili. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iningi izitshalo ukuthi ukuzenzela ukudla kusuka carbon dioxide futhi amanzi usebenzisa amandla elanga.

Heterotrophic - ekubeni abadinga ngomumo eyenziwe izinto eziphilayo. Lona iqembu elikhulu eziphilayo ngaphakathi ehlinzekela omunye ngeengaba isisindo. Heterotrophs ihlukaniswe Biotroph futhi saprotroph. Ukuphakelwa kuqala eziphilayo: izilwane noma izitshalo. Futhi zihlanganisa kanye nezinambuzane baye bazivumelanisa lolu hlobo lokuphila, inkosi yazo kokubili wona kanye naso sonke ukudla, futhi endlini.

Saprotrophs akhiphe ukudla okufanayo kusukela ezidalweni efile noma uketshezi yabo (kubandakanya indle). Leli qembu kuhlanganisa ama-bacterium, izitshalo, isikhunta (saprophytes) ngisho izilwane (saprophagous). Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe amaqembu ehlukene: detritus (detritus-yokudla), necrophages (kudle izilwane ezifile), coprophagous (indle ukudla) nabanye.

definition

Igama kubolekwe olunye ulimi, noma kunalokho, it is ehlanganisiwe ezimbili amazwi ngesiGreki: sapros - "bolile" futhi phyton - "isitshalo". Ngo biology saprophytes - a isikhunta, izitshalo kanye namagciwane ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo izitshalo ukudla nezilwane izicubu necrotic, kanye nalabo abiwa inqubo imfucumfucu. Basuke ukusakaza wonke indawo - emanzini, umhlaba, umoya, futhi ezindikimbeni izidalwa eziphilayo.

Ngokuvamile saprophytes - bangabantu ezingamlimazi enkosini yayo. Umuntu akazange ngisho ukuthi yini lenqwaba nezilwanyana ezincane ezahlukene njalo esikhunjeni futhi ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ngaphandle kokudala yisiphi isifo. Nokho, ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezimbi (amasosha omzimba encishisiwe, ukwanda ngokweqile kunombolo amagciwane), izinto zingashintsha, futhi saprophytes kungabangela izifo ezithathelwanayo.

izwe Ukuhlala

Saprophytes hlala ebalulekile esikhathini umjikelezo we ndaba ngokwemvelo sakhathala salokhu sinamathele eziyinkimbinkimbi izinto zokwakha eziphilayo zibe elula, izwe sisalungisa kusukela ezibolile isilwane izidumbu. Ukuthi ngubani ongowakhe leli Bani ezibulala ngomsebenzi iqembu? Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezivamile emhlabeni saprophytes. Izibonelo zazo zingatholakala embusweni ngamunye. Ziyakwazi ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala phakathi amagciwane (lenyama owumphumela), kuhlanganise nesikhunta (isikhutha ukuba isikhunta sokudliwa njengabantu ukudla), phakathi izitshalo (ulwelwe ukuba izimila eziqhakazayo ezifana orchid).

Phakathi kwezilwane kukhona saprophytes (izibonelo ngazo nathi shayela). Kodwa babebuyela Kunembile ngaphezulu ukubiza saprotroph noma saprophagous. Ezweni isilwane kuya saprophytes ezinye izinambuzane (mabhungane, nomswani mabhungane, kozheedy, izibungu izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane), nemisundu eminingi, ezinamagobolondo eziningi (isikhuphashe, amphipods phansi). Phakathi abameleli ezinkulu nezilwane kukhona izinyoni (iqhude, amanqe, amanqe), ezinye izinhlanzi kanye ezihlukahlukene izilwane (izimpisi, amabhere futhi bonke, kufanele badle ingcuba).

Ama-bacterium-saprophytes

Ama-bacterium - kuba eziphilayo ezincane ukuze ababheke kuphela ezinamandla kakhulu, landa ngamaphesenti izikhathi ezingamakhulu. Futhi nakuba ajwayelekile ukuphila kumuntu ongazibona, ukubhekana imiphumela umsebenzi wabo kufanele nsukuzonke. Ngakho, ngiyabonga kubo angaba khona imikhiqizo yobisi iwayini. Futhi yize abanye amagciwane abangela izifo ezithathelwanayo, abanye babo ukuletha kwabazuzisa kakhulu ngayiphi indlela indoda.

Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ezinye amagciwane coliform futhi bifidobacteria ezihlala ipheshana womuntu wokugaya ukudla. Asiza umzimba zikwazi ukuthola izakhi futhi alwe flora pathogenic.

izitshalo saprophitic

Nakuba izitshalo futhi autotrophs (okungukuthi, zakha bona amandla ngosizo kwelanga), lokhu akubavimbeli abaningi babo ukuba ngesikhathi esifanayo ngezinga elithile futhi saprophytes. Sokuba khona badinga irisidi sendaba ezengeziwe organic enhlabathini.

Phakathi izitshalo saprophytes - a uphayinaphu, ama-orchid, Begoniaceae futhi abanye Cacti, futhi wona eziningi, Izinhlobo kanye ulwelwe.

amakhowe saprophitic

Mushrooms - abakhileyo Umhlaba zasendulo impela, incwadi ngomlando wabo uya emuva iminyaka engengaphansi kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane ubudala. Ziyakwazi engavamile ukuze isikhathi eside, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bengasebenzisa ukunquma ku ngezigaba zabo futhi ngingazi ukuthi lapho umbuso ethwele. Ngempela, amakhowe babe izici sici kokubili izilwane nezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, baye kwabelwe embusweni ehlukile.

Mushrooms - a eziphilayo single- noma multi-oluncane eziphilayo-heterotrophic kabani amaseli ane-nucleus (eukaryotes). Zonke isikhunta ezidla nge ukuncela yaphela + kusukela ezungeze izinto imvelo organic ngaphambilini ukwaba enzyme akhethekile solubilizing, isb. E. ukugaya kwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba.

Ngendlela ukusuthisa amakhowe zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu ezibanzi: izimuncagazi, nezilwane eziphila futhi saprophytes. Lesi sigaba futhi esivela nezinye mikhakha. Izimuncagazi ukujwayelana ukuphila nezinye izinto eziphilayo kuyisiphazamiso (noma ngisho ngaphakathi), ngokuphelele ngenxa azidle. Phakathi ezidliwayo ukhunta amagciwane is sonke eyaziwa ilinganisela indawo.

Amakhowe iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana Nokho ophilayo ngezithukuthuku nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi bazuze kuzo, khetha namaminerali adingekayo kanye kabusha imfucuza. Phakathi kwabo, ezimhlophe amakhowe, boletus, greasers, liqhakaze, boletus, Mokhovikov nabanye abaningi.

Fungus adla udaba eziphilayo osale izitshalo nezilwane ezifile noma uketshezi zabo zibizwa ngokuthi saprophytes. Izibonelo isikhunta yokuthi esiyazi: morels, imigqa, amakhowe, raincoats. Futhi kulesi sigaba yilezi isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa isikhunta, kulimaze imikhiqizo.

Ukuze yenze ukunikeza ngokwabo nge kudla lokunemsoco lokwenele, lezi amakhowe babe kwakubiza nokwakha isakhiwo esifanelekayo - mycelium eside futhi enamandla, bacwiliswa ngokuphelele i substrate ezidliwayo ngabo.

imikhaza saprophitic

La magciwane ezincane - omakhelwane bethu njalo ezihlala uthuli endlini. Izinto eziningi ezinkulu, baqinisile embhedeni wethu - e pillows, omatilasi nezingubo zokulala. Ngamandla abo, abakwazi uyakwazi ukudala umonakalo, ngoba abazi luma abantu futhi ningathwali yiziphi izifo. Nokho, imikhiqizo yabo umzimba kungaba yingozi kubantu abanemizimba ezwelayo.

Saprophytes kanye nezinambuzane bayakwazi esikhathini esifushane ukubuyisa ngokugcwele labantu babo, ngakho musa ukuxosha izindlela, ezithembisa kulahlwa ugcwele bona. Ngezinye ukugcinwa kwenhlanzeko eyisisekelo (ukuwasha izingubo, esikhundleni esifike omatilasi kanye pillows, yokuhlanza ezimanzi) singalondoloza inani eziyingozi izibungu saprophytes ezingeni ophephile empilweni.

isiphetho

Njengoba sifundile, saprophytes - kukhona eziphilayo ukusekela ukhona ngenxa ukusetshenziswa impahla ezifile. Iningi lazo akunangozi, eminingi awusizo ezimbalwa kuphela eziyingozi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, babengeke baphile ngokwemvelo kuyadingeka, zinika wamabhayisikili ka izinto namandla, ngaphandle okuyinto ukuphila kwawo kwakuyoba kumiswe.