Isikhunta - isiqalekiso Tutankhamen?

Wayeneminyaka engu-ezingaphezu kuka-200000000. Kuyinto endala njengeBhayibheli ingasiza emhlabeni. Nanguya enhle ngendlela emangalisayo liyabenyanyisa okukhulu. It uyakwazi ukubulala futhi basindiswe ekufeni. Konke lokhu - mayelana isikhunta noma isikhunta.

Asho has isikhunta ezimpilweni zethu? Yini imvelo idale isikhunta? Phela, nabo basuke ngempela zinyanyise. Kodwa sibonga kubo, noma kunalokho, penicillin akuzange kusize, bathwalwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane alimele ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, futhi ngemuva kokuphela a-antibiotic ngokuyisimangaliso iminyaka eminingi uye iyomiswa iqine kwezokwelapha njengoba isikhali esiyinhloko ekulweni nezifo ezithathelwanayo.

watshela kahle kakhulu mayelana impumelelo yamagciwane kulesi siqondiso e ifilimu "Isikhunta". Isikhunta - uhlobo lokuphila olungafani esihlanganisa eziphilayo sihlanganise izici kokubili ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. eziphilayo Iqembu kufanele 100,000 zilwane, kodwa ososayensi baye bachaza kuze kube manje% 5 kuphela babo. Isikhunta ukwethula ngokuphelele yonke indawo: emoyeni, emhlabathini, emanzini.

basuke kubhekwe izitshalo isikhathi eside. Ukwakheka isikhunta, ikhono lazo ukuzalela futhi sikhule (futhi kokuvinjwa), khona iseli izindonga, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa - zonke izindawo izitshalo. Nokho, isikhunta kungekho chlorophyll, okusho ukuthi abanalo ikhono lokukhulumisana photosynthesize, okuyinto isici esasenza isitshalo. Uhlobo ukudla bona heterotrophic, ngesisekelo odongeni iseli - chitin, in exchange of urea esetshenziswa. Ngamanye amazwi, isikhunta isikhunta, isakhiwo kanye indlela amandla afana nezilwane. Nokho, kukhona isici esasenza, okuyinto ayikuvumeli zokuhlukanisa amakhowe emhlabeni isilwane: i perforations obondeni dikaryons intercellular isigaba. Ngenxa kakhulu mpikiswano reflection amakhowe zizimele, zinhlobo ehlukile.

Isikhunta isikhunta, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi: SPP Penicillium, Aspergillus, moniliaceae, dematiaceae, Ukuswaba, acremonium, onychocola canadensis ..

Sebenzisa isikhunta emoyeni (ezinhlamvu ezincane). Spore, ukushaya owesifazane osebenzelana ofanelekile nomswakama ezithile kanye lokushisa, germinates namafomu izintamo, nakho kwakha mycelium. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi isikhunta. Ngaphandle, sikubona ngendlela amnyama phezu izindonga eziswakeme.

Ubone nesinkwa? Amachashazi ezincane black kukhona sporganiyami. Kokunye iphuzu okunjalo liqukethe ezinhlamvu mayelana 50,000. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ingxabano eveza izigidi zazo!

It feeds isikhunta? Bukhipha enzyme ukuthi sokudiliza molecule ibe izakhi lula, okuyinto kamuva ugxile. Njengoba isikhunta ayikwazi ukuhamba, uhlala ukudla uqobo futhi ubamba okufanayo. Kungaba yingozi umzimba, uma ezinhlamvu zalo udle noma imuncwe. Nokho, impahla yayo kungaba wusizo.

I izakhiwo elwa namagciwane of isikhunta esiluhlaza lavulwa ngo-1928, sezinto ezincane kakhulu eziphilayo Aleksandrom Flemingom. Isikhunta, ngokuthi Penicillium notatum, obulala amagciwane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ingozi kwezilwane nabantu. Kwaba lokhu okutholakele futhi kwaba umfutho ukwenziwa i-penicillin. Isikhunta wathola isicelo emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imithi esetshenziswa ekwelashweni migraine, thrombophlebitis, isifo i-Parkinson.

Kodwa le ndaba esebenza ngayo wawunganikezwanga. ushizi ezidume (uBrie, i-Danish blue, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola) ukweleta ukunambitheka kwalo isici isikhunta noma isikhunta ezidliwayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso of usoso wesoya salami, ubhiya.

Nge impumelelo isisetshenziswa winemaking. Amagilebhisi, esiyingxenye lemali oyifunayo isikhunta esetshenziswa ngokukhiqiza iwayini amahle. It kwandisa lokuhlushwa ushukela kwenza iwayini babubukhulu ngokwengeziwe.

Nokho, izakhiwo ezuzisayo isikhunta ngabantu abaningi akuwenzi ube ngaphansi yingozi. Asiriya ngo VI ekhulwini BC ergot esetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali begazi, ushevu emanzini e imithombo. Isikhunta livela ku rye spikelets, kwenza abantu amajaqamba, ukulunywa, ukuhhema, esibhibhayo.

Isikhunta kukhona ukuyo yonke indawo futhi omnivorous. Zitholakala ngisho emoyeni ezibonakala ahlanzekile. Nge ukungatheleleki okuhle, siyakwazi simelane izingxabano eziyingozi. ukuntula Immune kungase kuphakame ekwandeni isikhunta emizimbeni yethu ukuthi kungabangela ukugula okungathí sina, ngisho nokufa.

Khumbula mayelana uchungechunge nokufa okuyimfihlakalo ososayensi ababefunda ethuneni Tutankhamun? Cindezela yamila kuyilapho izihloko "esiqalekisweni Tutankhamun", ethula abafundi horror kanye imfihlakalo indaba egcwele. Esikhathini eside kamuva kwaba sobala ukuthi abenza le nhlekelele waqala uyihlanganise isikhunta, kwezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu - Niger Aspergillus.

"Esiqalekisweni Tutankhamun" zingatholakala esikhathini sethu. Lokhu ukhunta esiyingozi luhlala emakhaya ethu: egumbini lokugezela, endlini yangasese, ezindlini, emanzi izindonga. Ithuku ezinkomeni futhi umkhuhlane wezinyoni lungaphezu kunabayeni ingozi yaleli ukhunta. Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo ezithile. In Paris ngo-2004 yilo ukhunta abantu abayinani elingavamile bafa ezikhathini ezimbili aminingi ukudlula emhlabeni bird flu.

Isikhunta ezimila noma iyiphi indawo. Ososayensi baye wakwazi ukuthola kwabo ngisho ku Propellant. Lona kuphela micro-eziphilayo zizalana ngokobulili. Amakoloni siphile zezinhlobo zabo bobubili ubulili. Ngokusho ososayensi, isikhunta abafi ngisho kwenzeka inhlekelele yembulunga yonke.

Ubuhlobo indoda noma balolonge ukunganakwa cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abanye bangase usike ingxenye abathintekayo lwesinkwa yayo, noma uyisuse kusukela ujamu, nidle ukuphumula, ngisho sazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani kuyingozi! .. umkhiqizo Moldy akufanele lidliwe. Ukuphuca endaweni ethintekile ngeke ukuxazulula le nkinga, njengoba kakade sekungene wonke umkhiqizo. Akunakwenzeka ukuphila lapho isikhunta uhlala.

Ulwazi mayelana izingozi isikhunta akufanele bangene ube ukwethuka. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lo mqedazwe amanga ngenxa yokwesaba. Ubuchopho ithumela ngokubhuduzela ukuze yesabe umzimba, amaseli uqale ngokuthi "ukwesaba", cortisol ekhiqizwa, i-hormone okuthiwa sokufa. Vikela kungaba imizwa olunesivunguvungu omuhle kuphela. Ngaphandle isikhunta izwe ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuphila. Emvelweni akukho ngokweqile, ngakunye isixhumanisi ku-line ngokungenamkhawulo eside. Futhi ukuze sikwazi ukukhumbula indlela ethambile kuleli zwe, nemvelo usinike isikhumbuzi, njengoba isibusiso nesiqalekiso ngesikhathi esifanayo. Igama lakhe - isikhunta ...