Umthetho Ohm analo somshini esivalekile

Noma ubani wakhetha ukukhanda kanye nokugcinwa ukufaka kagesi okukhethekile yami, isitatimende owaziwa yothisha: "umthetho Ohm analo somshini esivalekile odinga ukukwazi. Ngisho uvuka ebusuku, kubalulekile ukwazi ukusungula ke. Ngoba ngesisekelo zonke Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. " Ngempela, njalo wathola i-physics oluvelele German Georgom Simonom Ohm badukiswa ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela yesayensi ye ugesi.

Ngonyaka 1826, ucwaningo ukufunda ukudlula kagesi ngokusebenzisa umqhubi, Ohm wembula okusobala phakathi wamanje amandla yanikezwa amandla wesifunda supply voltage (nakuba kuleli cala ngaphezulu efanele ukukhuluma bebutho electromotive EMF) kanye ukumelana umqhubi uqobo. Ukuthembela iye babecabanga ngenxa uvele umthetho Ohm analo ngesimiso somshini esivalekile. Isici esibalulekile: ukuhlobana emthethweni oyisisekelo ezikhonjwe isebenza kuphela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi amandla zangaphandle kokuphazamisa. Ngamanye amazwi, uma, isibonelo, umqhubi ungaphakathi inkambu kushintshana kazibuthe, kusetjenziswa okunqophileko ekwakhiweni engenakwenzeka.

umthetho Ohm sika ngenxa somshini esivalekile sekutholakale ekuhloleni amaqhinga elula: a (EMF kokuba) umthombo wamandla terminals yayo emibili kuya Resistor kukhona babashayeli, lapho kukhona ukunyakaza iqondiswe izinhlayiya aphansi abathwali kwenkokhelo. Ngakho, lwamanje isilinganiso amandla electromotive ukuze ukumelana ingqikithi circuit:

I = E / R,

lapho E - amandla electromotive ka amandla supply, ulinganiswa volts; Mina - zamanje, ngo amperes; R - Resistor kagesi, e ohms. Qaphela ukuthi umthetho Ohm analo ngesimiso somshini esivalekile uyakucabangela zonke izingxenye R. Ngaphezu izibalo ukuqedela somshini esivalekile yi Resistor R bona lemali resistivity umqhubi (r), umthombo wamandla (R0). Lokho:

I = E / (R + r + R0).

Uma ukumelana sangaphakathi le R0 umthombo enkulu kunemicebo R Isamba + r, lamanje akuxhomekile izimfanelo umthwalo axhunyiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lo voltage umthombo kuleli cala kuyinto umthombo zamanje. Uma ukubaluleka R0 lincane R + r, lwamanje inhlukanozigaba ukuze ukumelana Imininingwane yangaphandle, futhi umthombo wamandla yakha voltage.

Nawubalisisako olunembile acabangele ngisho nokulahlekelwa voltage emalungeni. Kuvele amandla electromotive is latholakala ngokulinganisa indawo umehluko ezingaba yonkana ezikhumulweni amandla at umthwalo unqamukile (wesifunda evulekile).

umthetho Ohm analo subcircuit esetshenziswa ngokuvamile ngokulinganayo njengoba iluphu avaliwe. Umehluko wukuthi ukubala akusho acabangele EMF, kodwa kuphela ezingaba umehluko. icebo okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi eyohlobo. Kulokhu kukhona icala ekhethekile, okuvumela ukuba abale izici circuit kagesi ngasinye izakhi zalo. Sibhala ke ngesimo ifomula:

I = U / R;

lapho U - voltage noma umehluko okunamandla volts. It is kulinganiswa nge voltmeter ixhumeke kuhambisana terminals iphenya kwanoma iyiphi isici (ukumelana). I kwaphumela U-value uhlale esingaphansi EMF.

Empeleni, kwaba kule formula iyona edume kunayo. Ukwazi iyiphi izingxenye ezimbili ifomula, ungathola lwesithathu. Ukubalwa izifunda izakhi usebenze esebenzisa umthetho engxenyeni chain.

umthetho Ohm sika ngoba isifunda kazibuthe ngokuyinhloko efana nencazelo yalo kwe-circuit kagesi. Esikhundleni evaliwe kazibuthe wesifunda umqhubi isetshenziswa, umthombo ikhoyili emazombezombe ne ngokudlula wamanje ngokusebenzisa Windings. Ngakho, kukhona a ecucuza kazibuthe uvala ngesikhathi wesifunda kazibuthe. ecucuza Magnetic (F), afundwa ngokusebenzisa indlela kuncike ngqo value MDS (amandla magnetomotive) kanye ukumelana we indaba edlulisa ecucuza kazibuthe:

F = F / Rm;

lapho F - ecucuza magnetic Weber; F - MDS e amperes (ngezinye izikhathi Gilbert); Rm - Ukumelana, okubangela attenuation.