I-nucleus kwamaseli womuntu: isakhiwo, umsebenzi kanye nemvelaphi

I kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana - isakhiwo kudingekile ngayinye umzimba eukaryotic. Lokhu organelle zenza imisebenzi, kodwa injongo yayo eyinhloko - iyona isitoreji futhi ukudluliswa impahla lezinceku zofuzo.

Cishe kuwo wonke amangqamuzana umzimba womuntu core. Okukhishwayo kuphela kukhona zegazi kanye amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Iningi amaseli mononuclear, kodwa, isibonelo, imisipha zemicu izinzwa kungase kudingeke abaningana kulaba organelles. I-nucleus kuseli ungase ube usayizi ezahlukene - isakhiwo enkulu zenuzi iqanda lowesifazane.

Cell nucleus: isakhiwo

Ikhenela has a isakhiwo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqukethe wocwaningo lwezindaba zenuzi imvilophi, chromatin, nucleolus futhi nucleoplasm. Ake sibheke ingxenye ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

• Karioteka noma ulwelwesi yenuzi - isakhiwo ehlukanisa imvelo sangaphakathi nucleus kusukela cytoplasm. Ehlanganisa lo igobolondo nolwelwesi yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi, phakathi lapho kukhona okuthiwa isikhala perinuclear. Ngokuthakazelisayo, yangaphandle ulwelwesi emgodleni sihamba ngqo ulwelwesi of luyimbudumbudu reticulum endoplasmic, ngakho ESR umgodi futhi core amathangi oxhumene. A igobolondo has ikhule ezimbotsheni zenuzi, beso avaliwe. Basuke eyenzelwe Ukungena zishintshe esikhulu, kanye exchange of izinto phakathi karyoplasm futhi cytoplasm.
• Karyoplasm - impahla eyohlobo okuwugcwalisile ngalo ingaphakathi langaphakathi nucleus. Liqukethe nucleolus futhi chromatin.
• Chromatin - impahla seli zofuzo. unit Its kwesakhiwo kuyinto nucleosome okuyinto isilonda DNA Strand ku amaprotheni ethize - histone. Kuseli, kukhona ezimbili zithi zofuzo. Heterochromatin a emele elincane, elicinene elimbudumbudu osmophilic. Euchromatin noma chromatin Uzithukululile - kukhona izindawo lapho ukugeleza asebenzayo zokwenziwa izinqubo. Phakathi cell division the chromatin ejiya chromosome.
• Nucleolus - encane isakhiwo okusaqanda ukuthi siqukethe zingu-RNA namaprotheni-molecule. Kulapha lapho kumiswa subunits ribosome. Umnyombo kungaba nucleoli eyodwa noma amaningi, kodwa kuyabonakala kuphela kumaseli non-sokuhlukanisa.

Cell nucleus: Umsebenzi

Umsebenzi we kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana kungaba azimisele ngokufunda isakhiwo. Okokuqala, ikhenela unesibopho yokudlulisa ulwazi lezinceku lishone ezikhathini cell division, kokubili mitosis futhi meiosis. Phakathi mitosis, amaseli indodakazi ukuthola isakhi sofuzo, okuyinto nsé iseli umzali. Phakathi meiosis (kumiswa ocansini amaseli kwabantu), ngakho isitokisi ngasinye uthola ingxenye kuphela kuma-chromosome - akha isethi ephelele wama-chromosomes kuphela ngemva kokuhlangana nge amaseli ngokocansi ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nucleus yengqamuzana unesibopho omunye izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba - amaprotheni zamagama. Iqiniso ukuthi ikhiqizwa umnyombo ulwazi, noma isithunywa RNA. Wabe engena reticulum endoplasmic, unamathele ribosome futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi imodeli for kumiswa peptide molecule ukulandelana acid acid.

Futhi njengoba kuye kwashiwo, e umnyombo synthesis subunits ribosomal.

Cell nucleus: umsuka

Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziningana imibono eyayisinesikhathi ezihlukene kakhulu, ngawo ososayensi bazama ukuchaza kanjani umnyombo kwamiswa kuseli. Kodwa, ngeshwa, akukho neyodwa kulezi zinkolo izinsolo akakamtholi isiqinisekiso langempela.

Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi ingxenye eyinhloko njengoba isakhiwo cell kwakhiwa ngenxa Symbiosis of amaseli webhaktheriya futhi archaea. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi core - kuwumphumela ukutheleleka igciwane cell eqondene.

Incazelo ephelele kunazo iqukethe okuthiwa ekzomembrannaya hypothesis. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngokuhamba kwemvelo kuseli kwakunomuntu yangaphandle cell ulwelwesi. Kulokhu, elidala, ulwelwesi kwangaphakathi isibe igobolondo core - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ke usungule isimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi, sabe ingaphakathi aso eqala ukuba agxilise chromatin-molecule.