Thermocouple: isimiso wokusebenza, idivayisi

Kukhona ezihlukahlukene kumadivayisi netindlela ukukala izinga lokushisa. Ezinye zazo ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, abanye - izindlela ezehlukene zocwaningo ngokomzimba, e izinqubo zezimboni kanye nezinye izimboni.

Omunye kudivayisi esinjalo thermocouple. Umgomo we operation zedivayisi kanye wesifunda kuzoxoxwa ngakho izigaba ezilandelayo.

Ngesisekelo ngokomzimba imisebenzi thermocouple

Isimiso ezisebenza ka thermocouples kusekelwe izinqubo evamile ngokomzimba. Ngokokuqala ngqá umphumela, ngesisekelo okuyinto iyunithi usebenza, iye liphenywa usosayensi German Thomas Seebeck.

Ingqikithi yalo mkhuba, elibamba thermocouple isinyathelo isimiso kanje. Esikhathini avaliwe wesifunda kagesi ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene babashayeli, lapho zihlatshwa ezithile kuphakama lokushisa kwemvelo ugesi.

I kwaphumela zamanje kagesi kanye lokushisa kuma ayisukumele babashayeli ku kwencika komugqa. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana Ayanda lokushisa, aba maningi zamanje kagesi eyenziwe a thermocouple. Futhi ngokusekelwe lesi simiso okusebenzela kuyo thermocouple nokuzabalazela thermometer.

Kulokhu omunye contact thermocouple kuyinto endaweni lapho kuyadingeka ukukala izinga lokushisa, ubizwa ngokuthi "ashisayo." Eyesibili contact, ngamanye amagama - "abandayo" - kolunye uhlangothi. Isicelo ekulinganiseni thermocouples kuvunyelwe kuphela esimweni lapho izinga lokushisa Igumbi ingaphansi kwe-site nesilinganiso.

operation short circuit Lezo thermocouple, isimiso yokusebenza. Izinhlobo thermocouples kuzoxoxwa ngawo kulesi sigaba esilandelayo.

izinhlobo thermocouples

Ngo umkhakha ngamunye, lapho izilinganiso lokushisa ziyadingeka, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa thermocouple. I-apharathasi begodu nomsebenzi we izinhlobo ezahlukene iyunithi aboniswa ngezansi.

Aluminium-Chromel thermocouple

Lezi thermocouples schema esetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene izinzwa iphenya ezenza control lokushisa kwezinga lemikhiqizo yezimboni.

sici yabo ehlukile yinani iphansana futhi eziningi ezihlukahlukene izinga lokushisa kukalwa. Bavumela ukulungisa lokushisa kusuka -200 kuya ku-13 000 degrees Celsius.

Kuyinto okungalungile ukusebenzisa thermocouple ukuze Alloys ezifanayo ezitolo nesibabule okusezingeni eliphezulu izinto emoyeni, ngoba lokhu isici chemical kubathinta kabi kokubili chromium kanye ne-aluminium, okubangela ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza idivayisi.

Chromel-Copel thermocouple

Umgomo we isenzo thermocouple, iqembu lokuxhumana yakhiwa lezi Alloys uyefana. Kodwa lezi amadivaysi usebenze ikakhulu imvelo liquid noma gaseous kokuba hlangothi, izakhiwo ze-non-ezonakalisayo. I engenhla lokushisa inkomba ingeqi 8000 degree Celsius.

Kusebenza thermocouple ezinjalo, asebenzisa isimiso wokusebenza ivumela wawo ukuze awumise degree of Ukushisa iyiphi indawo, isb, nxa uzingela izinga lokushisa avulekile kwemizi esithandweni noma yimuphi omunye izakhiwo efanayo.

thermocouple Iron-constantan

Le nhlanganisela koxhumana nabo thermocouple kuyinto akuvamile njengoba owokuqala kwezinhlobo enixoxa ngalo. Isimiso ezisebenza ka thermocouples kuyafana, kodwa le nhlanganisela kahle emkhathini rarefied. Umkhawulo ezingeni izinyathelo izinga lokushisa kumele singeqi 12.500 degrees Celsius.

Nokho, uma izinga lokushisa liqala ukuphakama ngaphezu degrees 7000, kukhona ukwephulwa ingozi ukunemba nesilinganiso ngenxa yezinguquko Izakhiwo namakhemikhali yensimbi. Kukhona ngisho izimo ukugqwala we thermocouple yensimbi Ixhumana ne ebukhoneni ambient umhwamuko.

Platinum--platinum thermocouples

Eqolo womshini thermocouples. Umgomo we operation kuyafana, kodwa kuhlukile nozakwabo asishintshi neze futhi okuthembekile lokushisa ukufundwa. It has a ukuzwela encishisiwe.

Izinhlelo main yalezi amadivaysi - ekulinganiseni amazinga okushisa aphakeme.

thermocouple Tungsten-rhenium

Iphinde isetshenziselwe sokulinganisa okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Umkhawulo ophezulu okungase ikhiyiwe esebenzisa wesifunda ifinyelela izinkulungwane 25 degrees Celsius.

Ukusebenzisa kwabo kudinga nezimiso ezithile. Ngakho, ngesikhathi lokushisa nesilinganiso kuyadingeka aluqede ngokuphelele emkhathini ezungezile, okuyinto kunomthelela omubi izikhonkwane enqubeni namachibi.

Ukuze lokhu tungsten-rhenium thermocouple ngokuvamile ibekwe ku housings egcwele igesi inert ukuvikela izakhi zabo.

Ngenhla ngamunye thermocouple olukhona ngihlola ezinye, ama-apharathasi, isimiso ke kuncike Alloys esetshenziswa. Manje sibheke ezinye izici design.

ukwakhiwa thermocouples

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngamacebo thermocouples.

• Nge isicelo ungqimba olubamba ukushisa. Le ndlela yokwakha yenza i thermocouple yokusebenza kudivayisi ngabodwa sendlalelo kagesi. isikimu okunjalo kwenza ukusetshenziswa thermocouple enqubeni ngaphandle ngabodwa esuka emnyango phansi.

• Ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa ungqimba olubamba ukushisa. thermocouples ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza exhunywe kuphela izifunda wokulinganisa, lokufakwako zazo abanalo nabo emhlabathini. Uma lesi sifo hhayi wahlangana, idivayisi kukhona wesifunda ezimbili ezimele avaliwe, lapho ukufundwa etholwe usebenzisa thermocouple ngeke olunembile.

Running thermocouple kanye nokusebenza kwayo

Kukhona zinhlobo ehlukile kule divayisi, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda ukuhamba ". Umgomo we operation ye thermocouple wokujikeleza manje sicabanga kabanzi.

Le design ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa sokunquma lokushisa steel billet phakathi kwenqubo yalo ngokuyeka, Milling nezinye machining ezinjalo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli cala kungenzeka Nokho ukusebenzisa thermocouple ezivamile, uma senqubo yokukhiqiza kudinga ngokunemba high lokushisa isilawuli, a thermocouple egijima babenesibindi esikhulu.

Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela ukuze workpiece kusengaphambili izakhi zalo contact selinqunyiwe. Khona-ke, ngo-ngokucubungula billet, laba oxhumana nabo babizwa njalo obala ithuluzi sokusebenza noma ezinye ithuluzi umshini, lapho kuhlangana (okuyinto element main ngesikhathi ukususwa lokushisa izici) njengoba "iphelela" othintana.

Lo mphumela is kabanzi embonini yensimbi.

izici kwezobuchwepheshe imiklamo thermocouples

Ngo womshini ukusebenza spike thermocouple wesifunda senziwa othintana ezimbili metal aziwayo ukuthi kwenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Kwalapho ibizwa ngokuthi "rockstar".

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwenza enkompolo ngokuzikhethela nge spikes. Vele ukusonta ndawonye oxhumana ezimbili. Kodwa abanjalo indlela yokukhiqiza ngeke ibe ezingeni ezanele nokwethenjelwa, futhi zingase zinikeze umfundisi iphutha ngenkathi kususwa izici lokushisa.

Uma udinga okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa nesilinganiso, metal nokunamathisela ngomthofu kufakwa Welding yabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezimweni eziningi, le solder esetshenziswe kweyabase uxhumano, has a ongaphakeme ukuma futhi wabhubhisa lapho level yayo weqiwe.

Isikimu, womshini okuyinto Welding isetjentiswe, ekwazi ukumelana ububanzi lokushisa ububanzi. Kodwa le ndlela uxhumano has nezihibe. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi metal lapho zizwa lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi Welding zingashintsha, okuyinto sizothinta izinga idatha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele iqaphe isimo othintana thermocouple ngokuhamba ukusebenza kwawo. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukushintsha izici insimbi circuit ngenxa amathonya nolaka kwemvelo. Namachibi singenzeka noma interdiffusion materials. Esimweni esinjalo kubalulekile esikhundleni umsebenzi wesifunda thermocouple.

Izinhlobonhlobo okuhlangana thermocouples

umkhakha Modern ukhiqiza imiklamo eziningana, ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-thermocouples:

• kwalapho evulekile;

• Ngci kwalapho;

• a yokuhlangana lusekelwe.

sici thermocouples ka kwalapho evulekile ukumelana abampofu amathonya zangaphandle.

Laba ababili zinhlobo ezilandelayo izakhiwo ingasetshenziswa ekulinganiseni amazinga okushisa ezindaweni nobutha, kungadala umonakalo ku Oxhumene naye pair.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengamanje umkhakha ethuthuka izifunda ku thermocouples ukukhiqizwa Semiconductor ubuchwepheshe.

iphutha nesilinganiso

Ukunemba lokushisa izici etholwe a thermocouple incike impahla leqembu contact, kanye izici zangaphandle. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama ingcindezi, emisebeni yangemuva noma ezinye izizathu ezingase zithinte Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali izinsimbi, ezivuma oxhumana.

Ukunemba yokukala siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Iphutha okungahleliwe kubangelwa izici thermocouple yokukhiqiza;

• amaphutha okubangelwa lokushisa ukuhlukumeza "abandayo" contact;

• ngephutha, imbangela eyasebenza njengodonga umsindo wangaphandle;

• isilawuli iphutha kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa thermocouples

Izinzuzo usebenzisa amadivaysi ezinjalo ukulawula lokushisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isicelo, yilezi:

• izinkomba ezinkulu igebe ukuthi kungenziwa iqoshwe ngumuntu thermocouple;

• spike thermocouple, okuyinto ngqo iqhaza ekususweni ukufundwa ingabekwa ukuthintana ngqo ne iphuzu wokulinganisa;

• inqubo elula yokukhiqiza thermocouples, amandla abo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside wokusebenza.

Nemibi nesilinganiso lokushisa usebenzisa thermocouple

I yokuntula yokusebenzisa thermocouples zihlanganisa:

• Isidingo kubhekwe lokushisa "abandayo" thermocouple contact. Lesi isici esasenza design zomculo wokulinganisa, okuyinto zisekelwe thermocouple. Umgomo we operation kohlelo unciphise nobukhulu bayo. Zingase ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma izinga lokushisa ambient ngezansi izinga lokushisa endaweni wokulinganisa.

• Ukwephula isakhiwo engaphakathi izinsimbi asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni we thermocouple. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa imvelo bangaphandle oxhumana ulahlekelwe ukufana kwabo, okubangela amaphutha ukufundwa lokushisa kukhiqizwa.

• Phakathi yokukala iqembu thermocouple contact ngokuvamile bachayeka emathonyeni okungamhloniphi kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu, okubangela ukuphazamiseka msebenzi. Lokhu futhi kudinga ukubekwa uphawu kwabangu-oxhumana nabo, elibangela ezengeziwe nokugcinwa izindleko izinzwa enjalo.

• Kukhona kunengozi yokuthola amagagasi kagesi ngumuntu thermocouple kabani ukwakhiwa ihlinzeka contact iqembu isikhathi eside. Iphinde kungathinta imiphumela izilinganiso.

• Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka ubuhlobo komugqa phakathi kagesi zingaveli thermocouple futhi izinga lokushisa endaweni nesilinganiso. Lesi simo sidinga ukuthi kube khona ama-apharathasi ukulawula Samandla.

isiphetho

Naphezu kokushiyeka yayo, indlela yokukala lokushisa nge thermocouples, yakhishwa okokuqala yasungulwa futhi ihlolwe ekhulwini le-19, wathola isicelo kwayo kabanzi e wonke amagatsha umkhakha yesimanje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izicelo lapho ukusetshenziswa thermocouples yiyona kuphela indlela yokuthola idatha lokushisa. Futhi ufunde lokhu okuqukethwe, ngokwanele ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo umsebenzi wabo.