Ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane emkhakheni wezomthetho. Izibonelo zolwazi nobuchwepheshe

I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 imakwe ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwabantu embonini yesimanje ulwazi nobuchwepheshe. Namuhla, imikhiqizo yalesi umkhakha ingatholakala cishe yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi.

Izibonelo zolwazi ubuchwepheshe ehlukahlukene. Thatha zobuchwepheshe. Lezi impumelelo ubuchwepheshe besimanje lizimelele e ekuphileni kwansuku zonke noma yimuphi umuntu. Kunzima namuhla ukucabanga umsebenzi noma usomabhizinisi, noma ukusebenzisa i-computer noma iselula ukuze bafeze imisebenzi yayo.

Inchazelo

Ngakho-ke yini IT? Ezincwadini zamuva zingatholakala ambalwa izindlela ezahlukene kwencazelo umqondo. Omunye wabo, ngokuvumelana izazi eziningi kuyiqiniso inikezwa imisebenzi E. Nadyginoy. Ngokusho lo mbhali, ulwazi kanye computer nobuchwepheshe kukhona ubuchwepheshe esekelwe impumelelo computer, kanye zokuxhumana. Ngakho abakubonisayo iqoqo nezinhlelo ezithinta idatha, futhi zingamathuluzi ukulungiswa yalo. Lezi ubuchwepheshe uvumele ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ayindlela yokudala umthetho, ngokuhlanganyela ekuthathweni nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lomthetho isimo.

Imisebenzi kolwazi nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezomthetho

kwentuthuko kwakamuva kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe asetshenziswa ahlukahlukene imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi. Futhi wathola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kolwazi nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezomthetho. Lapha bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile ezivela ekwenteni imisebenti okhokhelwayo.

Okokuqala, lokugcinwa nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi imisebenzi yezomthetho asiza kakhulu kusheshiswe search, kusebenziswe futhi kuhlaziywe okwalandela ulwazi oludingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa i-exchange okusheshayo ulwazi ahlukahlukene, futhi ukunikeza ulwazi efunwa ngabakwa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nemingcele izinqubo zokwahlulela.

ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane emisebenzini zomthetho zihloselwe ukusiza ekutholeni umsebenzi ulwazi lomthetho hhayi kuphela. Bavumela ukuthola ezihlukahlukene idatha kohlaziyo futhi kwezibalo kudingekile ezibhalwe phansi ngesinqumo umbuzo. Ummeli futhi itholakala futhi ulwazi kunoma yiziphi nemikhakha ehlobene of umsebenzi womphakathi. idatha okunjalo ingatholakala yolwazi ezikhethekile kwemininingwane, izinhlelo inkomba zomthetho noma kuyi-Internet.

Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe ivumela ummeli ukuze kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi sihlaziye izinketho eziningi ukuthi uyakuvumela ngezimo icala, ukuzikhethela phakathi kwazo kweqiniso kuphela. Lokhu kunomthelela unolwazi okwengeziwe ekuthathweni kohlaka endabeni ethile engokomthetho.

Namuhla, wonke emsebenzini Ummeli Corporate noma nommeli Inama-computer, okuvumela ukuba enze search real-time in isimiso somthetho esithile. Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ungaphazanyiswa kumasistimu enjalo ukudala i umnyango yelwati. Ithimba lakhe ahambe hlelo lomthetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa elinobunye izikhungo Inqubomgomo yezobuchwepheshe.

SPS

Ipumelelo wokuqala futhi ovelele kunayo yonke kolwazi nobuchwepheshe ukuze kube lula ukuphila ummeli ngamunye, ukudalwa zomthetho-inkomba uhlelo. Ngeminyaka 60-70 kwekhulu elidlule ke ababekuqongelele okuphawulekayo umthamo yayo kolwazi isitokwe eziphathelene imibhalo yangaphakathi, kanye umthetho wamazwe, nabanye abaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaningi kuyinkimbinkimbi waba systematization leliphepha.

Esikhathini esifanayo, yaqala ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, okuyinto utshelwa abameli ukubhekana ukuze ochwepheshe emkhakheni wama-computer, asebeqedile umsebenzi wabo ngokuphumelelayo. Kakade 1967 uhlelo usesho kukhompyutha kolwazi zomthetho yenziwe itholakale e-Europe. Ezweni lethu, i-ATP yethulwa ngo-1975, kodwa lapho besanda kuqala lokufinyelela yayo ulwazi wawumncane. Kuphela 80-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, izinto zashintsha kakhulu. Kwakukhona ezomthetho eminingi eyenzelwe anhlobonhlobo abasebenzisi. Kusukela 2011 waqala ukusebenzisa PCA neselula. Ukusebenza nabo kungenzeka ne-PDA kanye namadivayisi eselula.

AIS

ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane emkhakheni wezomthetho ziye athuthukiswe lapho umuntu eba ezenzakalelayo zezokwazisa. Kuze kube manje, AIS isicelo emkhakheni yokuphathwa komphakathi, zomthetho, uchwepheshe, komthetho kanye neminye imisebenzi ngempumelelo. Izibonelo zolwazi nobuchwepheshe ohlelweni oluhlukile. Ngakho, kukhona AIS:

• ukuze isetshenziswe komthetho;
• kwenza ubufakazi electronic (AGIPS, AFIS, njll ...);
• semisebenzi okuphenya (AGIPS "Owl", "Mirror" GIS);
• ngokuvumela ukuba lenze ucwaningo;
• ngoba isimiso sokwahlulela.

Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa AIS kusukela 2005 wayo wezomthetho yaba esakazwa workstations (AWS). Lokhu kwenza ukuba kube sekupheleni 2006 kwenqubekela phambili enkulu ekwakheni ulwazi olulodwa kanye nezokuxhumana simiso Ministry Interior. Nge sekungenzeka ezishintshayo isiyonke imisebenzi abaphenyi kanye abaphathi ejensi okuphenya.

isofthiwe Embedded isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthola ulwazi nobuchwepheshe, uhlelwe basekelwe ukuze abasebenzi kuwowonke amazinga uphenyo yezenzo zobugebengu ezihlukahlukene.

ukuphathwa electronic mbhalo

Iqhaza kolwazi nobuchwepheshe emsebenzini abomthetho ikhuphuke kakhulu emva kusungulwa EDI. Electronic Ukuphathwa kwabuye isisayine electronic (ES), kuye kwakhiwa futhi lwenteke ngenxa ohlelweni okubhekiswe "Electronic Russia".

Kuze kube manje, EDC is njalo ngcono, siguqulelwa ubufakazi ngogesi kanye isimiso kokuhlaziywa. Lokhu uvunyelwe mithetho efana CCP, le CCP, kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi Agro-yezimboni Russia.

Electronic umculu ukuphathwa emkhakheni wezomthetho ungaphakathi ifomu:

• ubufakazi ngogesi;
• uhlelo electronic ukuthi ihlola ubufakazi.

ubufakazi Electronic kukhona umsindo, ividiyo, e-mail, i-SMS imiyalezo nokunye. D. Ukubheka ezithathwe esimweni lapho ibhere iminonjana yimuphi amacala. Singasho okusongela izincwadi, i-SMS ukukhwabanisa nokunye. D.

Ezokuphepha kwemibhalo electronic

EDC kanye VC kukhona izakhi ukuthi ukudala amvikele kolwazi nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu phambili kuya sivala inhlanganisela -anti-virus izinhlelo, uhlelo ungene kanye namaphasiwedi, nokunye. D.

amadivaysi Technical

Amanye amathuluzi yelwati yaba negalelo elikhulu phezu sphere zomthetho, ukuhlinzeka kungenzeka ukulungisa, ukuthola futhi kokuhlola ubufakazi. Ohlwini yabo inqubo ukwenza umsindo, ividiyo, nokunye. N. Ngemizimba zindlela nokuvikeleka asetshenziselwa kusukela icebo yabo. Ukukhiqiza ubufakazi ukusiza idivayisi yeselula Imininingwane nezokuxhumana. Lezi zihlanganisa i-tablet PC multimedia smartphone.

It has entsha amathuba technical izindlela ephathekayo Ukuvikelwa kofakazi. Kuyinto lonke setha amadivayisi lobuchwepheshe, okubandakanya:

• web-ikhamera;
• plasma;
• izikhulumi;
• umbhobho;
• ithuluzi, ukushintsha izwi ngokufakaza.

ezokuxhumana ezinjenge-skype

Isiqophi umhlangano libhekisela ubuchwepheshe ulwazi, okuyinto abameli ukuthi ubusebenzisa i-isikhathi eside. Kuze kube manje, ezokuxhumana ezinjenge-skype anganikeza enkantolo endabeni indawo akude lofakazi, izisulu noma enecala. Ukuphumelela kwalo buchwepheshe zisobala.

Bona nokugcina isikhathi, imali nokuzikhandla. Isiqophi umhlangano aqede kokukhipha i ummangalelwa ubani kwelinye idolobha, ngenxa ukucaciseleka kuphela wavula Kwezinye izimo.

inthanethi zomthetho

Namuhla, kunamabandla amaningana ezithandwayo ze-Internet eziqukethe ulwazi uhlelo lomthetho. Inani inthanethi ezinjalo sitholakala e ukutholakala kubo ezenzakalelayo tekusebenta zezokwazisa (imibiko), izenzo zokwahlulela, nokunye .. Emazweni Western, isimiso esikhethekile seyenziwe khona, ngokuba phezu zomthetho uhulumeni inthanethi. It ikuvumela ukuba afake isicelo enkantolo ukulamula umbango ukuze amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye.

Ukusetshenziswa kolwazi digital

Isethi ku operation okuzenzakalelayo njengobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwesihluku amadivayisi icala idatha ukuqoshwa ngokuvamile uyawasebenzisa. Kungaba:

• avtoregistaratory ezitholakala izimoto;
• isiqophi amakhamera efakwe endleleni eduze ATM, e lemigubazi nokunye. d.

Lonke ulwazi etholakala ezifana yasebhange idatha kuthathwa njengobufakazi bokuthi.

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba njalo ngcono izindlela kanye esebenzisa ubulelesi. Ngakho, uxhumano amadivayisi zokubhalisa Ungasavele kucatshangelwe for kuvulwa icala lobugebengu. Ukuthola ubufakazi obuphathekayo kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva isinqumo esithethwe yikhotho. nophenyo lawo magatsha kungenzeka emva ukwamukelwa zoMthetho Federal № 143-FZ ka 01.07.2010

ezimali

Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe ivumela emizimbeni komthetho sifeze ukubhaliswa wathola ulwazi kokuqala mayelana namacala ubuso babo. Lolu hlelo ikuvumela ukuba liyobamba 95% iziqephu isigebengu ukuthi yena, ephawula isimo tekusebenta ezindaweni nasemaphandleni.

Ulwazi oluqukethwe kulesi akhawunti, eminyakeni yokugcina uye abavumelekile ukudalula 19 kuya 23 amaphesenti amacala. Lokhu oyedwa amane kulawo amacala asebenzelana ngayo Oluphenya Amacala Obugebengu uMnyango.