Paleontology: lokho yena lapho utadisha?

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa isayensi ezifana paleontology - lokho akufundayo, kungani futhi kungayiphi indlela ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.

I Endulo

Ngokuvamile, lapho ebhekisela ezinhlekeleleni izinhlobo zokuqala eziphansi zokuphila emhlabeni, abantu beze engqondweni izibankwakazi. Kodwa umbono wokuthi izakhamuzi zezwe lethu zasendulo impela, incwadi isikhathi kusukela zinyamalala wathatha kakhulu ngendlela 65 Ma akulungile. Ngokusho izibalo abanye ososayensi ', impilo emhlabeni yazalwa eminyakeni 3.9 billion edlule, futhi leli nani ukuqaphela kunzima kakhulu.

Phakathi nalezo zikhathi Umhlaba kuqala yibona amagciwane namanye amagciwane, kodwa kakhulu kamuva kwakungamadodana ezingenamgogodla lokuqala, izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo.

Ngisho eGreece yasendulo, ososayensi bathole izinsalela zamathambo ezinhlotsheni zokuphila ezihlukahlukene, kodwa yebo, ngobudala bayo futhi imvelaphi mbibi bafunde, njalo ngenjongo esifundweni sawo ayengazikhonzi. Kodwa kakade Ephakathi, Yempucuko, isithakazelo abakhileyo ezweni lethu lasendulo kwabheduka ngamandla kuqale. Futhi igama elithi "i-paleontology nesayensi" kwahlongozwa ngasekuqaleni XIX leminyaka. Yini yena ukutadisha futhi kungani?

isikhathi sethu

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana definition olusemthethweni, i-paleontology nesayensi iye ukutadisha izinhlobo lasendulo zokuphila ezazikhona esidlule nezikhathi Geological futhi esekhona namuhla ngesimo zamathambo cezu yalo. Libuye ephawulekayo ukuthi lo mshumayeli isayensi ukhiqiza ushintsho zinhlobo esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ucwaningo amathambo phansi, ukuhlaziywa iminonjana nezinye kufakazela ukuba khona izinto eziphilayo - konke lokhu kuyingxenye endaweni isithakazelo ezifana isayensi-paleontology. Lokho isifundo esinjalo angasinika? Ngaphezu ulwazi theory kanye nokuqonda Yiqiniso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kancane. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi humanities eziyisisekelo musa azilungiselele inhloso ukushushiswa noma iyiphi inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo.

Mhlawumbe ingxenye edume kakhulu izinjongo cwaningo efana isayensi, sibonga ngalo ngamunye okungenani kanye, kodwa uke wezwa ngawo - isifundo esiphathelene izibankwakazi zonke izinhlobo kanye ubudala. Kodwa umkhuba wonke prosaic ngaphezulu - izinsalela zabo ezingajwayelekile hhayi ngaso amandla egcwele, ukuze ngisho iminyuziyamu, ungakwazi kuphela ubone ukuvuselelwa skeleton lapho amathambo ala kuphela encane ingxenye.

Ekuphenduleni umbuzo wokuthi ukufunda paleontology, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma abakhileyo izilwandle lasendulo - trilobite ahlukahlukene kanye nabanye. izidumbu zawo ziye zalondolozwa kahle ku-rock inhlabathi kanye okwakheke sandstone. Nokho, laba bameleli "omncane engenathi" ka nezilwane zomlando - woolly. Ngenxa eyiqhwa eSiberia, izinsalela izici ovelele futhi okumangalisayo ukuphepha.

Indlela i-paleontology nesayensi ewusizo

Lokho okuchazwe, singakunikeza isayensi nokuthi ukusisebenzisa ngokwenzuzo kwezinye izindawo? Iqiniso lokuthi la eyala, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nezinye, abakwazi ukuqhosha izindlela umbukwane ucwaningo nemiphumela, okuyinto kakhulu okuthinta ukuphila kwethu, ezifana-physics, i-engineering noma imithi. Kodwa ngesisekelo ulwazi oluqoqwe bit by bit, ososayensi bayofunda okuningi mayelana emlandweni wamazwe ethu kuze indoda nigcwalise amagatsha Lesisemkhatsini imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo Radiocarbon ukuhlaziywa yezinsalela esingasifunda kulokho yayinesimo sezulu eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule, kwafika othileko avela yenkukhu noma ezinye izilwane, futhi ukwenza izibikezelo, bona zizoshintsha ngisho nangemva abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka.

Iqiniso lokuthi ukutadisha paleontology, ngokomthetho olufana game ethokozisayo, kodwa inselele enkulu lapho kulula ukwenza iphutha noma izifiso ezingasho lutho, ngoba ngaleso nokulahla abacwaningi impahla kakhulu esingaphansi singathanda.

imivubukulo

Kodwa uma izinsalela eziphilayo ngakho iminyaka eminingi, kungani abazange ibolile ezikhathini zabo? Njengoba walondoloza emva izigidi zeminyaka, futhi isizathu rarity zabo?

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-paleontology nesayensi - yezinto eziphilayo lasendulo, futhi nathi, waluthola zamathambo. Futhi into, ukuthi imfundo yabo, izimo ezifanele kudingeka. Ngokuvamile ziseZwini sandstone, futhi lokhu akukho ngozi. Petrification - inqubo ekhethekile ka ezilamatshe aligugu we izinto eziphilayo azithathe ngokuhluzekile lapho sicindezelekile, ngokungabi bikho emoyeni eyanele futhi umswakama, ithambo amaseli noma "isisulu" kancane kancane ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali compounds amaminerali. Futhi ekugcineni, waphendukela itshe.

Le nqubo lide kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ke ephazanyiswa kokungenela obuthile emzimbeni, ngoba kuze kube manje izinsalela zamathambo weza esingaphansi ayengakwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala udinga ukuthola, futhi zingekho ngesimo skeleton ephelele njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kwezazi ukuchitha izinyanga ezimbalwa nje ukuqoqa kwabo ngendlela efanele.

Izindawo ethembisayo - lokhu emihosheni kwemihosha, lasendulo sandstone imali, lapho, isibonelo, ngenxa wokugoqa ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka, kanye nezilwane ahlale ngaphansi multimeter ungqimba edwaleni.

streamers

Ngo-paleontology, kukhona amagatsha amaningana main - ke paleozoology futhi paleobotany. Izifundo zokuqala yezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingenamgogodla, kanti eyesibili - izitshalo lasendulo futhi konke okuphathelene nazo. Futhi, yena, zihlukaniswe eminye ibe sebuningini izingxenye esingakwazi yisho paleoanthropology esibheka okhokho babantu. Ngakho-paleontology, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo olwalukhona iyonke.