Lapho kumephu iyona River Yelena? Yelena River kumephu yeRussia. Lapho umfula ugeleza khona phakathi Yelena?

Yelena River (phezu Russia ibalazwe, lesi sici kwendawo ivelele ngokumelene isizinda nezinye) singesikhulu kunazo zonke e-Eastern eSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto okweshumi ohlwini imifula ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lapho kumephu iyona River Yelena? Ukuze kwezinye izindawo kwenzeka? Yini nemizana zitholakala kanye ke? Ngumuphi kubo kukhona ngobukhulu? Kuleli nezinye izinto eziningi Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi esihlokweni.

Uhlolojikelele

Le ndawo ebalazweni lapho kuyinto uMfula uLena, lufaka izifunda eziningana Russian. Ikakhulukazi, kuthatha indawo Irkutsk, lase-Amur Region, eKhabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk futhi imiphetho Transbaikal, kanye Buryatia futhi Yakutia. Yelena River, izithombe zazo ungabona ngenhla, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. pool yayo lingaphakathi ukuthi State. Bavelaphi igama emfuleni? Kukholakala ukuthi izimpande zayo amanga ngolimi Evenki kungokwalabo iqembu isiManchu-Tungus. Waba wamazwe iphayona demid pyanda. Yelena River esizalweni somfula wabiza "Elyuene". Ngemva kwalokho, igama sashintshwa, wathatha isimo walo wanamuhla.

geography

Yelena River kumephu Russia ubukeka enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Ubude kumayelana 4400 km. Lo mgodi ine indawo 2490 sq. M. m. Kuye uhlobo ukugeleza kukhona ingxenye ezintathu. Umthombo wokuqala kuhlanganisa emfuleni Yelena (ikhadi lakhe iyabonakala kahle) Vitim ngaphambi. Ngu ukuphela kwayo kuze kube seqophelweni uxhumano we Aldan - esigabeni sesibili. Ingxenye engezansi eyesithathu - kusukela Aldan endaweni lapho umfula uthululela ku Yelena (lena Sea Laptev).

Yiqiniso engenhla

Kuyinto endaweni kumephu iphi River uLena, kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izici zokuma kwezwe ukuthi zibhekene ngqo endaweni. Ikakhulukazi, ukugeleza iqala khona isuka kuleli chibi, etholakala eduze iChibi iBaikal (amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa). Itholakala endaweni engamamitha 1470 m. Ngo-1997, 19 Agasti, lapho uMfula Yelena kuvela, yesonto yakhiwa. Yonke ingxenye engenhla, isb empeleni ingxenye yesithathu ukugeleza ugijima obuphelele entabeni Predbajkale. Endaweni Kirenska amanzi ukusetshenziswa ungaphakathi isilinganiso 1,100 cubic metres. m / umzuzwana.

isilinganiso ngoba

Lokhu ingxenye emfuleni zihlanganisa ingxenye phakathi Vitim futhi Aldan. ubude bayo - mayelana 1415 amakhilomitha. Eduze confluence indawo Vitim Yelena ihamba ensimini Yakutia. Ihlala emkhakheni iyophela kakhulu. Ngokwamukela a Vitim emfuleni Yelena (kumephu Russia le ndawo ibonakale) iba namandla ephezulu kwamanzi. Ukujula kulesi sigaba ukwandisa kuze kufinyelele 10-12 amamitha, isiteshi siba banzi khona, kukhona iziqhingi eziningi. Isigodi umfula uvuleka ukuze 20-30 amakhilomitha. Kuyinto azilingani: emthambekeni kwesokudla lisetudlwana futhi steeper. Yena imelelwa umngcele osenyakatho weZwe Patom Highlands. Kwesobunxele - kahle. Kuzona zombili lezi emithambekeni uyakhula pine ihlathi obukhulu, kwezinye izindawo, edlelweni revocable. Isigaba kusukela Olekma kuze Aldana emfuleni Yelena ayinakho nemingenela abalulekile. amakhilomitha ayisihlanu, ukusika Prilenskoye ithafa, ukusakaza sidlula esigodini emincane futhi ezijulile, okuyinto linamathele namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Vele ngezansi, umfula Pokrovsk engena emathafeni ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho, isigodi siba banzi khona ngqo, futhi ukugeleza Isivinini is ehlile kakhulu. Ayidluli 1.3 amamitha ngomzuzwana (e iningi -. 0.5-0.7 m / sec). Nokho, Ububanzi kwimfunda, ifinyelela 5-7, kanti kwezinye izindawo - amakhilomitha 15, futhi wonke esigodini sonkana - no-20 km ububanzi.

esezansi

ngezansi nje Yakutsk e ukugeleza komfula kukhona nemingenela ezimbili eziyinhloko - Viluy futhi Aldan. Kuleli qophelo ukugeleza iba elikhulu. Ngisho endaweni lapho kukhona umzila owodwa kuphela, ububanzi amakhilomitha abafinyelela kwabayishumi kanye nokujula - ezingaphezu kuka 16-20 amamitha. Esiqhingini ingxenye Yelena kuba kuze kube 20-30 km. Zimbalwa kakhulu nemizana - ogwini cishe washiywa. Yiqiniso Lower libhekene pool emincane. Esempumalanga kwegatsha ekuthuthukiseni le Verkhoyansk Range - eyayiwuphawu we Yelena kanye Yana. Ngecala lasentshonalanga kukhona awalethe kancane Central laseSiberia Plateau. Bahlanganyela Olenek noLena. Vele ngezansi nge. Bulun onomfutho ekusakazeni onjengaye amabanga eduze kakhulu: empumalanga - Haraulah, entshonalanga - Czekanowski. Cishe amakhilomitha angu-150 ukusuka Laptev ubabonisa olubanzi Yelena umfula i-delta.

Hydrology

Idatha vodoraskhodu at umlomo Yelena ziyangqubuzana ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ngisho nabo zingatholakala ezinganembile. Ukungaqiniseki is banezelwa yokuthi emfuleni has a delta esikhulu Amapayipi eziningi. On kule nsimu uwela pool kwesigaba, okuyinto ndawo -. Ayizinkulungwane 60 sq M. km. izilinganiso abahlukahlukene ukugeleza kwamanzi ngonyaka kule ezahlukene sq 489 kuya 542. km. Lokhu kuhambelana ngokwesilinganiso ukugeleza yonyaka ekupheleni ukugeleza elilingana 15 500-17 175 m3 / yesibili.

Njengoba amandla esemqoka yalolu ingxenye Eqinisweni, iningi nemingenela, futhi yancibilika amanzi emvula isenzo. Irisidi komhlaba izinsiza sebehlushwa eyiqhwa okwandile ngaphakathi okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Okuwukuphela komhlaba.

izinguquko ezithile zonyaka ezingeni namanzi ukugeleza

Ukuze umfula libhekene ezinye izikhukhula ngempela high ehlobo, entwasahlobo izikhukhula ongaphakeme isikhathi amanzi esikhathini ekwindla-ebusika (kufika ku 366 m3 / s). Zonke izinkomba emanzini ukusetshenziswa kuncike imodi evamile kwezulu. Ngesikhathi izikhukhula entwasahlobo phakathi no-June kuze kube u-40% abakhwabanisi, kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-October - 91%. Ngomlomo kwekulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokwesilinganiso ngenyanga yabhaliswa ngonyaka 1989. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-June, kwaba 104 000 m3 / yesibili. Phakathi uzamcolo endaweni lomfula ekupheleni ukugeleza esiphezulu lingadlula 200 000 m3 / s.

ice umbuso

Lo mfula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni izimo ezinzima zezulu. Ukugeleza ihlukile kwezinye anamandla yabo ukuminyana ice neqhwa umbuso bebonke. Winter kubanda kakhulu, nesithwathwa kancane futhi isikhathi eside. kwakhiwa Ice is uqweqwe oluqinile ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Spring ice drift libhekene amandla aphezulu. Wort amabhlogo eqandisiwe nezikhukhula izindawo ezinkulu - mkhuba ngokwanele njalo ngoba ULena. Spring uzamcolo ngaphambi nje (ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli) lugujwa ku Kirensk wesifunda - e sifinyelela engenhla. Kancane kancane ezihambayo kuyo inyakatho, ukugeleza kuziwa untroubled ngaphezulu eqhweni emfuleni. Ngaphambi kokuwa esezansi ifinyelela mayelana maphakathi no-June. Phakathi nale nkathi, amanzi kunqoba ezingeni eliphansi 6-8 amamitha, futhi yokutakula esezansi bengase bazikhandlele 18 m.

ziyamaniswa nokungangeni

Le ndawo lapho imephu Yelena River, kuhlanganisa sebuningini amanzi notshwala. Awela siteshi. Phakathi nemingenela kufanele Tea esabiwe, Big Pat, Kuta, Vitim Viluy, Olekma, Aldan, intsha izizwa, Kirenga, Lunghu, The Bear. Ezinye zazo yilezi mikhulu. Onjalo, isibonelo, Batamay. I ukusetshenziswa isilinganiso emlonyeni wakhe - 5060 m3 / s, futhi endaweni pool - 729 000 sq. km. Four owumthelela main - Vitim, Aldan, futhi Olekma Viluy - ngokucacile ivelele kunomzimba waso, phakathi kwabanye.

wemikhumbi

Yelena River kumephu Russia uzungezwe kwezinye izindawo izinto mikhulu. Phakathi kwabo, imizana nesibopho value ekhethekile. Kufanele ukuthi umfula kuze namuhla ezinkulu lokuthumela Umthambo Yakutsk. Lo mugqa ezokuthutha exhumanisa endaweni ngale ndaba ezinye izigceme olubaluleke sikahulumeni. Yelena olwandle eyenziwa omningi walo "ukungeniswa enyakatho." Kukholakala ukuthi Kachug pier - ukuqala lokuthumela. Nokho, kusukela ethekwini Osetrovo umfula kuphela ezitsheni ezincane. ngezansi edolobheni Ust-Kut nje futhi confluence we Vitim kuthatha impela eningi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi lokuthumela izindawo nezindawo elincane. Ukuze uthuthukise inethiwekhi ezokuthutha endaweni yomsebenzi ngonyaka, sandla Dredging. Navigation Kwenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-125 170.

nemizana

Kumele ukuthi endaweni lapho umfula ugeleza khona, kuhlale kuqhathaniswa ababuthakathaka. Kukhona amadolobha ayisithupha. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Yiqiniso, Yakutsk, nakuba abantu bakhona - kancane abantu abangaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane. Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1632, unyaka.

Umuzi omdala phezu Yelena kubhekwe Kirensk. It yasungulwa ngo-1630. Ibanga phakathi ezindaweni ngokuvamile (ngaphandle endaweni eduze Yakutsk lapho kukhona kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwanda kwabantu) ongafinyelela amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana. Kulokhu, phansi ukusakaza ehlathini. Isikhathi esining impela ungathola nemizana abalahliwe, kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngezikhathi zikhona ekamu ndawo zesikhashana. Phakathi izingosi mlando ka inothi Zhigansk. It yasungulwa ngo 1632, unyaka, futhi kusukela 1783 kuze 1805 th kwadingeka isimo County edolobheni.

Enye indawo mlando - Sottintsy. Nansi kukaLenin Museum-reserve yomlando kanye izakhiwo "Ubungane". Sottintsy - endaweni kwesisekelo yokuqala Yakutsk.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

UMfula Yelena kubhekwa omunye ehlanzeke kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nomthombo engashintshwa ngumuntu. Kuze kube manje, ngomfula, azikho amadamu, Hydropower kanye nezinye izikhungo. Ezindaweni hhayi uhlalwe abantu, ungakwazi uphuze amanzi ngokuqondile kusukela ekusakazweni. Ngenxa yokuthi eduze Yiqiniso akuyona eziningi zokuhlala, nokunyakazisa umnotho akuyona elinesimo umfutho high. Kubhekwe wemizi emikhulu port ezifana Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk Sturgeon.

ngemvelo

Njengoba kufakazelwa imiphumela ososayensi ucwaningo ezivela emazweni ehlukene (University of Alaska, National Center for French Studies, i-Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences), nomthelela ongemuhle isimo ukugeleza ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungenzeka kuthinta. Amazinga esifundeni lapho umfula sokususwa khona ebusika amadigri ayisikhombisa. Ngakho ungqimba eyiqhwa sitholakala ikhilomitha nengxenye. Njengoba ososayensi, ama-lokushisa kuma mashumi ibe yiminyaka engamashumi amane uvukile nge-avareji ka-degree amane. Futhi ngaphandle lokhu izikhukhula ngokwanele ezinzima bathola amandla unyaka nonyaka. Lena elimazayo esimweni ogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iziqhingi ezinyakazayo nomfula. Ngonyaka wezi-2009, unyaka izinga lapho ukwehla bafika amamitha amabili nesikhombisa ngonyaka.