Lokho kuhlanganisa ibhande womuntu esitho elingenhla

uhlelo zemisipha zomzimba womuntu - kuyisimangaliso bemvelo. Isekela zonke izingxenye zomzimba sisendaweni ekahle, ivikela izitho ezibalulekile futhi inikeza ukuhamba emangalisayo wonke umzimba. Ziyisivikelo wemikhawulo engenhla unesibopho izingalo obandayo ukuze lwamathambo Axial.

Umklamo izindwani futhi clavicles

Ukwakheka esitho elingenhla ibhande kuhilela Umklamo izindwani ezimbili, clavicles ezimbili nezitho zomzimba lwamathambo uqobo. Lokho zone yezingalo nemilenze elingenhla kudala uhlobo emahlombe abantu. Izandla uxhumano nomsebenzisi isiqu izindwani futhi clavicles akha ibhande wemikhawulo engenhla. Izindwani ahlelwe phezulu ngemuva, abe ukuma elingunxantathu, babopha nomgogodla izimbambo nge ezicutshini. Ikhaba ibhangqwe ne clavicle, ingqwababa futhi uxhumeke kwi-sternum kanye nezimbambo. Clavicle has ithambo lwalugobile, edlulisela phakathi sternum kanye yangaphandle blade engela.

ibhande Skeleton esitho elingenhla yakhiwa kusukela izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• 2 clavicles;
• 2 blade;
• humerus;
• ithambo osabalalayo;
• yizingalo;
• esihlakaleni;
• amathambo metacarpal;
• phalanges.

esitho elingenhla ibhande umsebenzi

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ezenziwa yibhande esitho womuntu engenhla - ukwakha oqinile futhi beshesha ukwesekwa izingalo. Ngokungafani kwebhande okhalo, it is hhayi isandla exhunywe kwi- skeleton Axial. Amathambo eyinhloko elingenhla esitho ibhande: clavicle, okuyinto yakha breastbone ngokuhlanganyela njalo futhi scapula lihlotshaniswa amathambo emzimbeni imisipha enamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, emahlombe ezizibandakanyile kulengqungquthela izingalo, okwandisa amplitude kanjalo kahle ukusebenza.

Amathambo ibhande engenhla x nemilenze womuntu akheke efana skeleton yezilwane ezinomgogodla, futhi yakhiwa 3 neminyango - ehlombe, ibhodi lemisindo futhi esihlakaleni. Imisipha ezihlobene nale ibhande, uqinise joint ehlombe futhi unesibopho kakhulu nokuhamba kwezindikimba izandla. Paddle - ipuleti ububanzi njengoba unxantathu esemva thorax ngengxenye ngemuva elingenhla esitho ibhande. It has a flat ehlombe ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela, kulo ikhanda we humerus. Joint ehlombe is kuqhathaniswa engazinzile, inikeza ububanzi esiphezulu motion, kodwa ukungenwa Ukwenyela nezinye ukulimala.

Amathambo eyinhloko ezandleni

I humerus umelwe ngesimo ende ijabulise ithambo yibhande nasemilenzeni engenhla, kuthiwa nasezinsikeni ke amabili ulna sasivumela eside kanye engaba. Humerus yakha endololwaneni ngamathambo ezimbili, kanye ibhulashi ixhunyiwe kuphela omunye wabo - we ngokuhlanganyela esihlakaleni. I ulna isendaweni ngaphakathi. Wonke amathambo akhe ezandleni axhunyiwe nomunye ngokusebenzisa amalunga omzimba.

Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko:

• ehlombe;
• esihlakaleni;
• ulna.

Amalunga zahlukahlukene kakhulu iragela phambili, ukuhamba asebenzayo, esiye saholela ukuguqulwa forelimb, izandla ie ngokuhamba kwemvelo igunya zabasebenzi. Ulnar ithambo nemisebe humerus ezinzile, ngokulandelana, ukunyakaza kancane khulula. Ngisho namandla knuckles yakho. Ngokusho isakhiwo esandleni skeleton kanye unyawo zifana kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo - kudivayisi ibhulashi, lapho uzwane enkulu ahlukaniswa abanye, okuvumela isandla sakhe ukwenza ukunyakaza ukuziqonda. Phakathi esihlakaleni bese ithambo metacarpal we isithupha - kuphela sehhashi ngokuhlanganyela emzimbeni womuntu, lapho Umbutho yayisikhululeke kakhudlwana kakhulu kunezinye kumila uzwane kuqala.

Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela indololwane

Ziyisivikelo esitho elingenhla ihlanganisa ngokuhlanganyela indololwane, okuyinto liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: a trochlear futhi eyindilinga. I protrusion lokuqala ixhuma notch humerus ulnar, futhi inikeza ukunyakaza flexor-extensor ngezandla zakhe. ingxenye eyisiyingi lebhokisi ikhanda humeral nge fossa ngemisebe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukusonta ibhodi lemisindo. Ngokuvamile joint ngokwanele esitebeleni ngenxa surface enkulu compounds kanzima nemisipha. Ububanzi - the ibhodi lemisindo main. It yakha ezikanye esihlakaleni. I ulna kanye ugongolo obumba indololwane.

Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe

engenhla esitho ibhande kufaka ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe. Ehlombe ibhola ahlangene mobile kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Kuyinto esigodini cishe flat ikhaba is okushiwo enekhanda hemispherical we humerus. Le divayisi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngokukhululekile ukushintshanisa ingalo kuzo zonke izindawo. Bone cishe uzungeze, phezulu, phansi. Ngo ukuhamba okunjalo nemibi yayo, ngenxa yokuthi amandla isibopho kuyehla, kule Ukwenyela ngokuhlanganyela ngokuvamile zenzeka. kwakhiwa scapula futhi clavicle joint wesibili. Kaningi kuyenzeka enyelisa lapho ehlela phezu ngesandla eseluliweyo noma hit phambi ehlombe.

isandla

Le ngxenye esandleni likwazi isakhiwo kunalokho xaka. Shayela siqukethe ukwahlukana 3, okuyinto yena, kufanele amathambo 27. At inhliziyo entendeni 5 metacarpals futhi 8 amathambo carpal. Uhlaka lwamathambo neminwe ngokwabo bakha 14 phalanges, 2 amathambo isithupha futhi 3 - e ngayinye yalezi zinsizwa ezine. Hand has a isakhiwo ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngo izinsana, basuke ezikhonjwe kancane kancane kuphela siyaqoqwa, bayoba ebonakalayo kahle kuphela engu-eziyisikhombisa, futhi Ukuqina sekuyenzeka bangene ukuba igcwale indlu ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu, emhlabeni iminyaka 10-13. Kungokufanayo nkathi iphela futhi Ukuqina sekuyenzeka phalanges.

Nemisipha nemisipha elingenhla esitho ibhande

Kusukela ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe kukhona mobile ngokwanele, futhi ibhande lamahlombe akuyona isandla unamathele skeleton Axial, engenhla imisipha esitho ibhande abe umsebenzi othize. Imisipha ukuxhuma ingalo emzimbeni futhi kukhona ama-shock absorbers. Imisipha deltoid mkhulu kakhulu nesiphanga esiqine lebhokisi scapula futhi humerus. Kuyinto sibonga isandla sakhe liphuma iqhubekela phambili futhi emuva.

Rotator cuff siqukethe imisipha ezine ezincane:

• infraspinatus;
• supraspinatus;
• round encane;
• subscapularis.

Futhi ukulawula ukujikeleza izandla futhi uqinise joint ehlombe.

Imisipha core elingenhla esitho ibhande

Esitho elingenhla has a pair of imisipha ezinkulu: biceps futhi triceps, akha i-pair of abaphikisi, uma omunye kuyehla, lo omunye ephumula. Biceps, noma izikhwepha zomfana livela izindwani ukuze engaba. Uma bend kakhulu ingalo, kungaba uphenyo ezinhle. Triceps, triceps nemisipha ehlombe, isiphanga ixhuma ku-ulna. Akayena lubonakale, kodwa biceps ezinkudlwana. Noma kunjalo, benza njengeqembu elilodwa kwemisipha. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho nokuphakamisa ibhodi lemisindo mfushane biceps - imisipha ukuthi Uphakamisa ingalo eliphezulu afike emahlombe. Kanyekanye welulela futhi triceps, imisipha extensor, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba kabusha ukuqondisa ingalo.

Extensors futhi flexors

ukunyakaza Complex of esihlakaleni futhi isandla zinikezwa ukusebenza kakhulu ehlelekile sebuningini izicubu ukuhamba ibhodi lemisindo. It flexors futhi extensors. Flexors ukuletha isandla sakhe ibhodi lemisindo yakhe ngawakhamela iminwe yakho. Ziyakwazi ngaphakathi yengalo. Extensor qondanisa esihlakaleni neminwe, azibuyisele endaweni ibhodi lemisindo. Ukuze unclench isandla sakhe athathe ke kuncike kudinga umsebenzi ehlelekile 35 we ibhodi lemisindo futhi isandla imisipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisipha ibhodi lemisindo azingenwa shayela kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele, usijikeleze, ujike entendeni futhi esihlakaleni neminwe iqinile endaweni. Buthule umunwe ukunyakaza zilawulwa imisipha bebodwa amathambo esukela amathambo esihlakaleni ukuze kumila ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu kuqala. Umsebenzi esisele phalanges enikeziwe imisipha eside flexor futhi extensor imisipha, ise ibhodi lemisindo.

Ubudala bone ukuguga zokuvimbela

Ziyisivikelo womuntu esitho elingenhla abadinga anti-ukuguga zokuvimbela. Njengoba bekhula, kwehle kuqinise amathambo futhi anda ingozi waphuka. ezihlobene ubudala amathambo ewohloka cishe engelapheki, kodwa angakwazi futhi kufanele kuvimbele noma kakhulu alibale. Overstrain imisipha emahlombe futhi ngemuva igcwele yisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu. Abantu kokuchitha usuku lonke at computer nomshini edeskini, ngokuvamile slouch noma owayesekhokhoba indlela omi ngayo. Yingakho ukuqina njalo imisipha esishubile futhi ngilulekela imisipha emahlombe futhi emuva, okuyinto okusongelayo ukuvela buhlungu imisipha ifindo nezingxabano wezakhiwo.

Kuyadingeka ukuba uqinise ibhande wemikhawulo engenhla, okungukuthi imisipha emahlombe futhi emuva, ngokusebenzisa umzimba ukuthi qondanisa esifubeni bese ethula imisipha nemisipha. imininingwane ewusizo kakhulu futhi ezifanelekayo ukufuya emahlombe, kanye bayaphikisana. imfundo Physical aqede ubuhlungu, kuqinisa imisipha namathambo, ngcono nezimo of umzimba, futhi kungakho ukuhamba, futhi umuntu ophilile azenzela zona.