Amathambo Tubular: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti. amathambo eside

Tubular amathambo yomuntu - ukwakheka thambo side cylindrical ukuma, okungenani esingunxantathu. Strictly ukucushwa echaziwe alikho. Njengomthetho, ubude ithambo ngokuphindaphindiwe obusa wonke. Nokho, ingxenye ngaleyo ndlela zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa nokukhula ithambo ijabulise ephelezelwa ezicini eziningana, main okuyinto khona calcium njengoba isici chemical wokwakha ithambo izicubu.

Inqubo kumiswa izakhiwo amaselula ngokwanele eside. Calcium ukuntula ngokuvamile kuholela ithambo ugobile. I ngokweqile lapho lesi sakhi esibalulekile ungase futhi ube nomthelela omubi ukwakheka skeleton ebuntwaneni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuvimbela ithambo sengozini e umzimba ezikhulayo, kubalulekile ukulinganisela amakhemikhali abahilelekile.

I eside futhi esifushane amathambo ijabulise

Uhlaka lwamathambo omuntu isakhiwo okunengqondo, wanika eziningi izinhlelo ezisebenzayo. Ngasinye somzimba lucwaningo umsebenzi walo, futhi yokuvumelana isiyonke ezigabeni ngabanye kuxhomeke kulokho okwenzeka esibalulekile wonke umzimba. amathambo abantu eside kukhona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu amathambo, basuke icala umsebenzi zemisipha. Kulokhu, umsebenzi umzimba engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma nokuxhumana bonke abahlanganyeli kule nqubo. Eminye imisebenzi ithambo izakhiwo kuthiwa zahlelwa ukuhambisa imodi njalo, ezifana ukuhamba noma ukugijima. ukuphindaphinda cyclical isenzo esifanayo kuyazenzakalela, pulses ikhiqizwa akuyona asebuchosheni hhayi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi imisipha izicubu abahilelekile.

amathambo Tubular axhunyiwe nomunye esebenzisa imisipha kanye nemisipha. Izingxenye ezihambayo skeleton isimiso uxhumana lomnyango indlela. Amadivayisi anjalo kukhona ngaphakathi umzimba womuntu amalunga omzimba, ngasinye sazo camera nge hyaline uqwanga ekhethekile, ekuvimbeleni ukuhilizisana. Ngesikhathi iphuzu contact phakathi ebusweni slide phezu amplitude ezithile, ukunyakaza kwabo kwenzeka kahle futhi umbuso ngokuqinile elinganiselwe. umzimba ijabulise ithambo sengozini, noma yimuphi ukuphambuka kusuka predetermined ezinyakazayo Vector okubangela ukungezwani futhi ubuhlungu. Esimeni i ukwephulwa okwedlulele we evamile motor imodi ngokuhlanganyela ungathola aphume ukubandakanyeka zemvelo, kanjalo dislocation kwenzeka.

amathambo Long ijabulise we skeleton zabantu main ukwesekwa imfundo, ngempela isikhathi eside futhi ethembekile. Noma kunjalo, kufanele bavikelwe, hhayi umthwalo ngokweqile futhi ngokuvamile iyophumula. amathambo eside zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ahlukene:

• tibia;
• a umbala elincane;
• ithanga;
• ngemisebe;
• ehlombe;
• ulna.

amathambo iDemo ijabulise:

• metatarsal;
• metacarpal;
• phalanges.

Ngokuvamile amathambo iDemo ijabulise kukhona phambili isikhathi eside.

Yini amathambo izingalo ijabulise, ngandlela-thile Kuhlanganisani ukunyakaza kwezitho zomzimba? Lona tibia futhi kunawo wonke. amathambo iDemo ijabulise ukunikeza umsebenzi isigwedlo movement in the ububanzi encipha.

isakhiwo

ithambo Tubular aqukethe ingxenye eyinhloko diaphysis elimelela i umgodi side kunqanyulwe isivumelwano se-kokubili uphela epiphyses. I diaphysis is ubuchopho ophuzi, epiphysis abe ukuthungwa okuqinile sithambile futhi izingqimba embozwe uqwanga.

I epiphysis - ekupheleni enwetshiwe wethambo ijabulise laphetha, kokuba umumo othile, eyenzelwe elihlangana ne ngokuhlanganyela eduze. Inhlanganisela izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu akha ngokuhlanganyela ephelele, ezisebenza uhlelo oluthile, umzimba motor. Imininingwane sele izinsalela esiphikisayo uhlobo ifomu, lapho ebusweni nengxenye eyodwa umumo convex, kanye nezinye - ngilugweda.

periosteum

Ngaphandle, amathambo eside embozwe periosteum, le zezinzwa izicubu ungqimba. Kuyinto ophilayo imfundo organic, injongo okuyinto imisebenzi zokuzivikela.

engokwemvelo

I ijabulise ithambo izidakamizwa siqukethe izinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili. Ingxenye okuqukethwe kwabo ayahlukahluka kulo lonke elase umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato. Wezingane yobudala - inkathi okulawula izinto eziningi eziphilayo emzimbeni enikeza amathambo nakalula. Njengoba bekhula, ukubunjwa izinto kancane kancane eshintsha indawo yayo efanele elalihlala izinto wezinto ezingaphili, okunikeza amandla. Lona mhlawumbe usawoti calcium.

kudivayisi bokuphila

• Ingqikithi compact siqukethe sebuningini ithambo amapuleti, ithambo esehlanganise ungqimba okuqhubekayo obukhulu. ishq Solid zenziwe amayunithi kwesakhiwo ngokuthi osteons. izingcezwana Kwakheka - ukwakheka cylindrical izakhiwo organic ngaphakathi ihlolwe nezinzwa nezitsha ezincane igazi.
• Ingqikithi kuyinto izingqimba compact cancellous uhluke isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kumiswa trabeculae ka cancellous abathintekayo - yasekuqaleni ithambo septum. Amandla abo kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi.
• Omnkantsha - main isitho hematopoietic emzimbeni womuntu, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi amathambo eside. It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: phuzi futhi zibe bomvu. Kumiswa wokuqala ngu amaseli fat futhi agcinwe diaphysis - ingxenye eyinhloko ithambo ijabulise. Red umnkantsha itholakala engxenyeni ukungena nakwamanye amazwe we ndlala pineal futhi yindwangu reticular, ezinabantu kwakwande izitsha ezincane igazi. Amapayipi zale amaseli elalisanda kumiswa faka kuqhakanjiswe. Qalisa amangqamuzana amasha igazi ngenxa abahlala umnkantsha stem cells. Inqubo akagcini ngisho yesibili. Nakho lapho okhona osteoclasts futhi osteoblasts, okuyinto buyekeza izakhiwo bony, wabhubhisa akusebenzi.

ukukhula

amathambo Long sikhule kakhulu ekuthuthukeni epiphyseal ipuleti ekhethekile. Uqwanga ungqimba phakathi epiphyses futhi diaphysis angakhula ngamandla yobuntwana zikhule phakathi nenkathi yokuqhuma kobusha, futhi ukuvuthwa bese. Inqubo kulawulwa hormone futhi akagcini saze saphela bokuphila.

I amaningi asebenzayo bone ukukhula kwembewu kwenzeka ngesikhathi traction bokuphila. Isikhathi sokuqala Uthatha 5 kuya ku-7, owesibili - kusuka 11 kuya kwengu-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwamathambo kumiswa uyaqhubeka, kodwa ngokunensa. Ekugcineni, ukwakheka esigabeni skeleton eqeda iminyaka engu-20.

Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu

ukwephulwa sokugembula ubuqotho izakhiwo lwamathambo ngabanye lingachazwa ngokuthi bone waphuka ngenxa umthwalo ngokweqile.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu of waphuka:

• ukulimala ngemishini;
• izifo ezehlukene okubangela ukwehla enamandla (osteomyelitis, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo).

Izinhlobo waphuka:

• metaphyseal;
• epiphyseal;
• diaphyseal.

Izimpawu ukwa:

• ubuhlungu inyuka kakhulu lapho umthwalo;
• ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi esithile iphutha;
• hematoma olubanzi, kokuvela imizuzu 90 ngemuva ukulimala;
• ukwehluleka umsebenzi esitho obonakele.

Izimpawu uhlamvu ngokuphelele:

• isikhundla okungesona esingokwemvelo nemilenze;
• ukuhamba esingalawuleki ezingxenyeni ezihlukene;
• Crackle ejwayelekile (wokuqhuma) endaweni ukulimala;
• ithambo kokuhlukana isilonda eyembulwe waphuka evulekile.

yokutakula

Dor nokwelashwa ithambo izicubu kwenzeka ngo ukwakheka kwamaseli amasha endaweni ukulimala. Ukubuyiselwa ithambo ijabulise angase athathe amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Inqubo ukuphulukiswa kudinga lonke eliphelele.

Dor abathintekayo cambium ungqimba we periosteum yellow nomnkantsha stem cells.

Inqubo yokwelapha ihlukaniswe izigaba ezine:

1. Autolysis - lokuhlushwa asebenzayo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngesikhathi indawo ukwa kanye Ukuqedwa efile izicubu izinsalela.
2. Proliferation - esiphelweni ithambo amaseli ekuphenduleni ukulimala nesizukulwane kanyekanye kwezicubu cartilaginous okuyinto ke amalutshwana.
3. Ukubuyiselwa liningi igazi, balimala kahle, ekwakhekeni impahla ezihlangene.
4. babuyele ngokugcwele umsele medullary, ukubuya ikhono sokusebenza.

ukuhlola

Ukuxilongwa waphuka kufanele kwenziwe esibhedlela. Ukuze siyiqonde kahle umonakalo esifundweni-X-ray ukuze kutholakale izimpawu ngokuphelele futhi eyisihlobo ukwa.

Ukuhlahlwa Kwenziwa ukwelashwa, esakhiwa manipulation Imbondela Gypsum ukulungisa isondo. Uma kudingekile, faka i-traction izindlela isizinda. Lokhu kulandelwa inkathi ende okwashiwo isimo lesiguli kanye nemithi.