Ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua. Yini eza ingxenye ekwakhiweni Russia?

Ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua - uhlobo elinye ithuba Panama-umzila wamanzi oxhumanisa ulwandle i-Atlantic iPacific. Umqondo ngokuhlanganisa amadamu amabili omkhulu uvele ekhulwini XVI, kanye nokuqaliswa kwalo langempela waqala kuphela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze esifundeni ye-Isthmus of Panama. Eyokwakha ucezu encane ezweni sikhethwe kanjani, okuyinto kwakhiwa Ukunqamula amanzi. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi izingidi, okuyinto ephethwe ukukhulisa izitsha esikhulu ukuphakama 26 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle iye yasetshenziswa. Ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua limise ngo-December 2014, futhi inkathi yephrojekthi balinganiselwa ku iminyaka eyishumi.

Nicaragua Canal emlandweni

Izingxoxo baba ekuqaleni wokwakha esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ekuqaleni zigxile ukuvuselelwa kwe-umzila wamanzi oxhumanisa endaweni Nicaragua. Wakhulelwa uvinjelwa yokuthi ububanzi Panama Isthmus 4 Ezikhathini ezingengaphansi kwezingu-ingxenye esenyakatho San Juan del Norte, lapho kudlula pre-okuhleliwe ezitsheni eyodwa kuya kwenye ichibi elikhulu. elikhangayo yephrojekthi kwakuwukuthi nhlobo izintaba omkhulu egwadle amadwala endaweni baseNicaragua. River iSt John, okuyinto ngaphambili egcwele bano esikhathini esidlule kabusha ngokuphelele baseMelika futhi ayisekho into ethile ebiyisithiyo ukwakhiwa, kunalokho, babehamba naye.

Ukukhanga kwezomnotho wesiteshi

isiteshi Interoceanic eNicaragua yabangela isithakazelo ekhulwini le-19, lapho oyiyo lobuchwepheshe iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu ngokuningiliziwe ngu-Louis Napoleon. Umqondo yathathwa ngu amaMelika ke kwawona French, eyayinecilongo igunya ngokusebenzisa Suez Canal. iphrojekthi French kuhlulekile. Lapha indenti futhi uqaphele ukuthi zokugcina umzila ezimbili isiteshi kubhekwe, ekugcineni Panama uMzila wabonakala ngo-1914. Isifaniso lakhe - Nicaragua Canal wakhela kuze kube sekupheleni 2014. Ukukhanga kwezomnotho kwamuva e yokuthi umfowabo ngenkuthalo esichumayo.

Inzuzo kukhuphuke ngendlela ehlelekile. Le phrojekthi ihlose kokulondoloza. Ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua, ngeke unciphise ibanga phakathi izikhungo eziningi kwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi, phakathi New York-San Francisco, indlela kuyehla amakhilomitha 800. Emuva ngo-2006, u-Enrique Bolaños, uMongameli Nicaragua ngesikhathi, emazweni isiqongo wathi izwe lakhe ilungile ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele lo msebenzi.

Isitimela wathutha

Elikhulu Nicaragua Canal iminyaka abaningi baqhubeka kancane kungaphezu nje kokuxoxa. Kuphela 2012, uhulumeni omusha ukuthi uthatha izinyathelo ezingokoqobo kulesi siqondiso. Ngo-July 2012, inkontileka esayinwe sokuthuthukiswa lobuchwepheshe kanye abheke ukuthi kungenzeka kwezomnotho yokwakhiwa nge intengo ayizinkulungwane 720 zamaRandi. Kakade ngo-September 2012, incwadi yezikhalazo sisayindwe e Hong Kong, ekhombisa zibheke isakhiwo nokuchaza imiphumela komnotho, imvelo nempilo zobuchwepheshe. Anakekele izindleko zalo msebenzi kuhlelwe ngezithukuthuku zimali kusuka emhlabeni wonke. Okwamanje, yomnikeli eyinhloko umbono uhlala China. Nicaragua Canal yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukudalwa lenqwaba imisebenzi, hhayi kuphela ezakhamuzini isimo, kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe ziye eCentral labantu American.

Wathintwa yini ukugcwaliseka iphrojekthi eminyakeni eminingi edlule?

Ukwenza kusebenze ukwakhiwa eside yephrojekthi kwakubangelwa ukukhula zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke ukuhweba uhlelo. Uma ungenalo ukunweba noxhumo lenethiwekhi amanzi kakade iminyaka engu-15 kamuva kuyoba nezinkinga nge traffic ngokusebenzisa iPanama Canal. Ochwepheshe ukunikeza umhlahlo ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2030, ulwandle yizimpahla kuzokwanda okungenani 240%. Ngo-June 2013, Nicaragua yokutholwa bill ngaphansi lapho imvume sivunyiwe inkampani HKND Group. Lokho-ke uzoqalisa ukusebenza umqondo kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Kusukela ukudluliselwa ilungelo ukugcwaliseka yephrojekthi kanye nezindaba zezimali zalunga ngaphambi kokuphela 2014.

Izinkinga

Ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua wethulwa ngemva ekuxazululeni inombolo ngokumangalisayo kwezingqinamba unqobe izithiyo eziningi. Kuwo wonke umlando we yentuthuko yomklamo ngokumelene naye babekhona PR yempi nangokunqoba Melika. Lutho bathi kwaba isizathu ukuziphatha okunjalo futhi isimo enkulu yentukuthelo, kuyinkinga, kodwa kuyafaneleka amaphuzu amaningana. Mayelana nami concessionaire njalo namahemuhemu. Van Tszin wasolwa kwekhono lakhe. Ukuze ngenkuthalo zokusakaza ulwazi ukuthi ukwakhiwa umsele eNicaragua ngeke abalethanga inzuzo kwezomnotho. amelela Kusobala amaqiniso ukunciphisa ivolumu lokuthumela. Impi PR iqhaza ezinhlanganweni kwemvelo ngisho owaziwa. Akekho ukucunula sikhathi kuhlulekile futhi iphrojekthi usethule ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 22, 2014.

Izithakazelo amazwe emhlabeni

Ukwakhiwa umsele entsha eNicaragua, exhasiwe kakhulu yi-China, njengoba into isimo kubaluleke zamasu. Lokhu kungenxa lalidinga izimpahla enkulu uwoyela nezinye izinto eziya endaweni ka-Ningizimu Melika. Ukuze Chinese umnotho isiteshi kwethulwa kuyoba intuthuko yangempela. Emazweni amaningi, iphrojekthi uyokuvulela amathemba enkulu ekuthuthukiseni. UMongameli akushilo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi entsha canal iphrojekthi eNicaragua uzobe ephelezelwa ukwanda lengenako GDP kuze kube isikhathi lapho isimo akubi omunye ngisho nabantu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba-Russia, uhulumeni walo uyazicabangela iphrojekthi njengenhlangano umzila kwenye indawo isuke esikhungweni zasePacific Atlantic, kodwa engasekho.

indima waseRussia ekwakhiweni emseleni

Uma uthi nhlá, Russia sithakazelo esitheni isiteshi uqobo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, akulutho ezingaphezu kuka esikhundleni lizwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusekela ukwakhiwa isimo izodlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezepolitiki. Njengoba ayezithathele ingxenye ukuqaliswa imibono, Russia kuqinisekisa ukuthi izibophezele ekutheni kube izwe multipolar, okuyinto ivaliwe kuya monopolization kanye ombaxambili. Ngo-November 2013, i-Government ngokusemthethweni abamenyiwe Russia ukuthatha ingxenye futhi ukutshala amafa ukuze kwakhiwe umsele eNicaragua. iqhaza Russian kuphrojekthi namuhla, ukukhomba okuyinkinga ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi, kodwa futhi ngo-2013, abameleli uhulumeni wavuma lapho esikisela futhi athi ngawuthatha supply ezikhethekile imishini, ukwakhiwa kanye izinto zokwakha.

Ukwakha i-canal inter-wasolwandle eNicaragua, njengendlela eChina naseRussia melanani US ukuthuthukiswa okunye

Ochwepheshe cabanga inguqulo okuthakazelisa kakhulu isizathu sangempela ukwakhiwa kwalesi siteshi. Zigutshuzelwe, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekwe yokuthi sobala ukuthi Melika elawula iPanama Canal futhi Panama uqobo uba protectorate yayo. Indlela phakathi izilwandle ezimbili ezinkulu kubhekwa kumaphesenti athile ochwepheshe njengoba inyunyana Russia nase China ku ngemuva kwempi oluzayo United States ngokuqondene ngentuthuko yakamuva kwezomnotho emhlabeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi China unikezwe imvume, hhayi kuphela kwi ukwakhiwa emseleni, kodwa futhi ukuyisebenzisa eminyakeni engamakhulu ezayo. Kuze kube manje, isakhiwo is hhayi ngokusemthethweni iqhaza egatsheni Russian lenkampani, kodwa lo mkhuba namanje ekuthuthukisweni. Kanjani iqhaza emazweni anjalo isisusa 'ekwakhiweni kweqiniso, ukwahlulela eziyinkinga. I esobala kuphela umnotho iprojekhthi anhlobonhlobo uthi izwe.

Ukuzibophezela waseRussia ukuba

Ukuzibophezela waseRussia ukuba zezomnotho eziningi ukuchaza hhayi kuphela izindleko okusezingeni eliphezulu yephrojekthi (40 amaRandi ukuthi izindlebe ku ukwakhiwa iPanama Canal). Ingqikithi yalo ngokubambisana ukuthi isekelwa izwe LaseNicaragua futhi agqoke uhlu lamazwe 11 ukuthi ezathi aziwuthandi isikhundla waseRussia ku nezindaba ezihlobene-UN-of inhlolovo eCrimea. UN General Assembly antjintje isinqumo ngesikhathi, owawuthi inhlolovo ensimini ka eCrimea kwathiwa emthethweni. Ngokusho imiphumela yokuvota, emazweni angu-11 kuphela asekelwe umhlangano, 100 wavumelana nalokho futhi 58 babezithiba inhlolovo. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo sokubambisana obuseduze obukhona phakathi komhlambi 11 uthi ababemelene iningi: Belarus Armenia, Syria, Cuba, North Korea kanye Sudan, Zimbabwe Bolivia, Venezuela futhi Nicaragua.

Yiziphi izinzuzo esizithola partnership Russian?

Ngemva kokuqala ukwakhiwa ngoDisemba 22, eRussia sathola imvume indawo yempi yabo emanzini indawo ye-State ne ekwakheni izakhiwo amasu, ukuze bakwazi ukubona indlela isiteshi Kwakhiwani eNicaragua. iqhaza waseRussia ekwakhiweni ekhulwini Kulinganiselwa edidayo. Kukhona inguqulo, owawuthi China uxhasa ngokugcwele ukwakhiwa umsele entsha eNicaragua. Izwe linikeza nomkhawulo walo, ne Russia oba kuphela nge ukuvikela umsebenzi into. Ijaji kulesi simo kusobala akunakwenzeka, ngoba kukhona cishe ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo ulwazi, kanye umnotho kanye nezombusazwe ochwepheshe umphakathi enguqulweni yawo kuphela oqanjiwe ukuthi kwenzekani.

Lesi sakhiwo eyingqopha

Ukwakhiwa isiteshi esisha eNicaragua kuyoba izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke project kula mashumi eminyaka amuva. Intengo izindleko umqondo onjalo balinganiselwa ku $ 40 billion. Qalisa iphrojekthi ukusebenza paneer kakade 2019, futhi ukuphothulwa yokugcina kuhlelwe ihlelelwe 2039. Njengengxenye wokwakha ihlela ukwakhela emachwebeni amabili ezintsha, izikhumulo zezindiza, uwoyela nezinye izakhiwo kwezohwebo. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project uzokwenza neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe, lizokhuphuka emazweni amaningi ukuba ukuchuma ukuletha imivuzo emikhulu izigidi. Kodwa kuthiwani iPanama Canal? Nicaragua uzama ukwakha umfuziselo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo ngeke alingane. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa sizobona ukuthi lo mbono kuhlulekile.