I-Belokrostie yiyiphi? Izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo

I-anemia igama lomlando we-leukemia, okuyinto isifo segazi esinzulu, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni. Lesi sifo azi ukuthi imingcele yesikhathi sini futhi kuthinta ngokungenasici kokubili abadala nezinsana. Cabangela ukuthi kungani kune- anemia, izimpawu, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo.

Okuyinhloko yesifo

I-leukemia ibangela ushintsho kumaseli amhlophe (i-leukocytes) equkethwe egazini, kokubili ngokweqile (izinombolo zabo zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu) futhi zifanekisela (ziyeka ukwenza imisebenzi yazo). Emuntwini onempilo, amapulelet, ama-leukocyte nama-erythrocyte akhiwa emnothweni wethambo. Esigulini esinomdlavuza wegazi, inani lokuqhuma likhuphuka ngokweqile egazini - amangqamuzana angaguquki okuguqula umzimba, okuvimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana aphilile. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuqhuma kuqhuma kakhulu kangangokuthi, hhayi kokufakwa emnothweni wamathambo, ukungenelela ekujikelezeni kwegazi, futhi ukusuka lapho kuya ezithombeni ezihlukahlukene. Yingakho i-anemia i-malaise, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni.

Izimbangela

Njengamanje, akakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi yini eyenza ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kwamaseli egazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-anemia yisifo, imbangela evame kakhulu yalokho okushiwo izakhi zofuzo. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi uma lo mndeni uneziguli ezine-leukemia, khona-ke lesi sifo sizobonakala kubantwana babo, abazukulu noma abazukulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singabangela ukungahleleki kwe-chromosomal kubazali bengane, okufaka phakathi ama- syndromes we-Turner, i- Blum ne-Down.

Ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa ze-leukemia namakhemikhali athile asetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke (izibulala-zinambuzane ne-benzene, isibonelo). Imithi ye-leucosogenic ihlanganisa i-Butadion, i-levomycetin, i-cytostatics, ama-antibiotic weqembu le-penicillin, kanye nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekhemotherapy.

Kuthiwa ukuthi ukushisa imisebe kungenye yezinto ezibangela amagciwane. Ngisho nangama-radiation amahle kakhulu, kukhona ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.

Ukuvuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia futhi bayakwazi izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo nezifo. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke iziguli ezine-leukemia zithwala ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

Izimpawu ze-anemia

Esikhathini sokuqala, ukubonakaliswa kwe-leukemia kufana nomkhuhlane. Kubalulekile ukulalela inhlalakahle yakho futhi uqaphele lesi sifo ngesikhathi, lapho izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyizici:

• Isigulane sibhekana nokukhathazeka nokubuthakathaka. Uhlale efuna ukulala noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulala ngokuphelele.
• Kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wobuchopho: isiguli esinzima kakhulu sikhumbula ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakhe futhi asikwazi ukugxila ngisho nasezintweni ezilula.
• Ngaphansi kwamehlo kukhona izivunguvungu, isikhumba siphahlakile.
• Isikhathi eside asiphulukisi ngisho namanxeba amancane kakhulu, ukuphuma kwamagundane nephunga kungabonwa.
• Ngaphandle kwesizathu, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, okwesikhathi eside lingagcinwa ku-37.6º.
• Isiguli siyaphazamiseka ubuhlungu obuncane emathanjeni.
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunyuke ema-lymph nodes, i-spleen nesibindi.
• Izinga lentliziyo lomuntu likhuphuka, ukuphelelwa amandla nokuzondwa kungenzeka. Lesi sifo siqhubeka nokujuluka okukhulu.
• Ngokuvamile kunezibandayo ezihlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, kukhona ukucindezeleka kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
• Isifiso sokudla ukudla siyanyamalala, ngenxa yalokho isiguli siqala ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha.

Izici zokwelapha

Njengoba kutholakala ukuthi "i-leukemia" (izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuchazwa kwayo kuxhomeke kuhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia), kuyadingeka ukuba uthathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. I-leukemia enamandla idinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, okungavimbela ukukhula okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana e-leukemia. Ngezinye izikhathi kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukuxolelwa. I-leukemia engapheli ngaphambi kokuthi isigaba sokuxoxwa siphulukiswe kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kokwelapha okuthile kuyadingeka ukulawula inkinga yesifo.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Uma umuntu ethola ukuthi une-anemia, ukwelashwa kwesifo kungabandakanya izindlela ezilandelayo eziyinhloko.

I-Chemotherapy

Uhlobo olufanele lwemithi lusetshenziselwa, ngaphansi kwethonya lokuthi kungenzeka ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa noma i-radiotherapy

Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe ethile akuvumela nje kuphela ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa i-lymph nodes, i-pleen noma isibindi, okwenyuka okwenzeka ngemuva kwezinqubo zesifo esibhekwayo.

Ukufakelwa kwe-cell stem

Le nqubo ivumela ukubuyisela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli anempilo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngcono ukusebenza komzimba womzimba. Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kabusha kungaba nomsakazo noma i-chemotherapy, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukubhubhisa inombolo ethile yamangqamuzana emnothweni wamathambo, buthaka amandla omzimba futhi wenze indawo yamaseli angama-stem. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhubazeka kokuzivikela komzimba kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho amasosha omzimba angase aqale ukwenqaba amangqamuzana asetshenziselwa isiguli. Ukukhuluphala yisifo esibulalayo, ukwelashwa okumele kuphathwe ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokutholwa kwesikhathi esifanele kwezinyathelo ezifanele, ungakwazi ukufeza ngokugcwele.