Inqubo ephathekayo: kuyini?

Inqubo evumelana nayo iyinkimbinkimbi, eyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo ehlanganisa ukusebenzisana kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamagciwane ezithathelwanayo nomzimba womuntu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubonakala ekuthuthukiseni ukusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukushintshwa okuhlukahlukene emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zegciwane, ukuguqulwa kwesimiso se-hormonal, kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuzivikela ze-immunological kanye nezimo zokuvimbela (nonspecific).

Inqubo evumelana nezifo - isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwanoma yisiphi isifo sohlobo olusakazekayo. Ngemuva kwezifo zenhliziyo nomdlavuza we-pathologies, izifo zesifo esithathelwanayo , ngokusabalalisa, zithatha indawo yesithathu futhi ngenxa yalokho, ulwazi lwe-etiology lwabo lubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yezokwelapha.

Kumakhemikhali we-causative wezifo ezithathelwanayo zihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezincane ezincane zesilwane noma imifino - umkhuhlane ophansi, i-rickettsia, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, i-spirochetes, i-protozoa. I-agent ephathekayo iyimbangela eyinhloko futhi ephoqelekile eholela ekusenikeni kwesifo. Yilezi zithunywa ezicacisa ngokuthi isimo esizobe sisifo siphila kanjani, nokuthi yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kuyoba khona. Kodwa kudingeka siqonde ukuthi akuwona wonke ukungenelela kwe-agent "yesitha" okuyokhipha lesi sifo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi indlela yokuguqula isimo semvelo izongena phezu kwendlela yokulimala, inqubo yokutheleleka iyobe ingagcwaliseki kahle futhi kuyoba nempendulo ephikisayo yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ngenxa yalokho ama-infectious agents azodlulela kwifomu elingasebenzi. Ithuba lokuguquka okunjalo akuxhomeke kuphela esimweni sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba, kodwa futhi ngesilinganiso sokuguquka kwesisu, i-pathogenicity, kanye nokuhlasela nokunye okunye okuphawulekayo kwezinto ezincane ze-pathogenic.

I-pathogenicity ye-microorganisms yikhono labo eliqondile lokubangela ukuqala kwesifo.

Inqubo yokutheleleka yakhiwa ngezigaba eziningana:

- Ukunqoba izithiyo zomzimba womuntu (mechanical, chemical, environmental);

- ukoloni kanye nokunamathela yi-ejenti ye-causative yezingxenye ezifinyelelekayo zomzimba womuntu;

- ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezilimazayo;

- ukwakheka ngumzimba wokuphendula okuvikelayo emthelela owingozi we-microorganism ye-pathogenic;

- ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo yangaphakathi yomzimba womuntu, kanye nokutholakala komuntu omkhuhlane we- microorganism.

Yilezi zikhathi zezifo ezithathelwanayo ezivame ukudluliselwa nanoma yimuphi umuntu okungena kuwo izakhi "izitha". Izifo zesisu nazo aziyona into ehlukile futhi zihamba kuzo zonke lezi zigaba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi esivela ekungeneni kwe-ejenti emzimbeni nangaphambi kokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo kubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa.

Ukwaziswa kwazo zonke lezi zindlela kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingxenye ejwayelekile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda zonke izici zezinqubo ezithathelwanayo. Lokhu ngeke nje ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa futhi ukhethe amaqhinga okwelashwa afanele.