Ukuphuma kwamapulmonary yi-agent causative ye-paragonimosis. I-paragonymosis kubantu: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela

Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingenye yamaqembu ahlukene kakhulu abantu abathintekayo. Iqembu elihlukile phakathi kwazo yizifo ezithathelwanayo. Enye inqubo enjalo yi-paragonymosis yamaphaphu.

Kuyini?

I-paragonymosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ama-parasite avela eqenjini lama-trematodes - ama-annelids. Ithinta ngokuyinhloko izicubu ze-pulmonary, imisipha. Ubuchopho buhilelekile ohlelweni olubhebhethekisa kakhulu.

I-agent causative yesifo - i-paragonimus westermani (noma elinye igama - "ukuphazamiseka kwamapulmeri") - linomumo wokuthutha, umbala obomvu obomvu. Umzimba wakhe wonke uhlanganiswe nezinsiza ezincane, okuvumela ukulungiswa okunamandla emathanjeni omzimba womthwali wezinambuzane. Esikhathini esiswini kukhona i-sucker, eyenza umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Lesi sifo sibonakala ezindaweni ezithile zokutheleleka kanye nokuphela. Ibonisa ama-zoonoses.

Uma ukwelashwa okungaqalwanga kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ezinye zazo ezisongela ukuphila.

Ngabe ngukuphi ukutheleleka nokuthi yiziphi izici ezikhona kulezi zinambuzane?

Ukusakazeka kwesifo

Izikhukhula zamapulmonary zisakazwa kabanzi emgwaqeni ophakathi. Ngokuvamile, ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kubonakala eRussia nase-Asia.

Isixuku esiphezulu se-trematode yi-crayfish encane nama-arthropods. Impi enkulu kunazo zonke amagundane amancane, ama-muskrats, ama-beavers, izimpisi, izimpungushe. Kubanikazi bokugcina ubuye umuntu.

Emzimbeni womuntu, ukufiphaza kwamapulmoni kungena lapho udla ama-crayfish nama-crabs angalungile.

Amaqabunga ama-parasite adonswa emzimbeni ngamanzi kanye nomchamo. Uma bengena endaweni yangaphandle, ezinye zazo ziyafa, kanti ingxenye, ewela emanzini, iqhubeka nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesibungu.

Emzimbeni womuntu, imbungu isendaweni ikakhulukazi emathangeni amaphaphu - ama-bronchioles amancane. Ukusuka lapho, ekusakazeni izitsha ze-lymphatic, kungangena kwezinye izingxenye nezitho zomzimba womuntu, okuholela enkambinkeni eyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo evumayo.

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwalesi sifo senziwa kanjani?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-parasite

Ukuqhuma kwamapulmoni kukhula kanjani? Umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu:

Eyokuqala yalezi zakhiwo miracidia (nymph). Lesi sigaba yilona lokuqala, futhi i-parasite iyidlula ngemva kokuphuma iqanda. Emanzini, i-miracidium ingena emzimbeni womuntu wokuqala ongena ngaphakathi, i-mollusk yamanzi ahlanzekile. Phakathi nezinyanga ezinhlanu zokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual kwenzeka emzimbeni we-mollusc, ngenxa yokufa kwayo, futhi inamba enkulu ye-cercariae - isigaba sesibili sokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane - ungena emanzini. Lezi izibungu zinokuhamba futhi zingene emzimbeni wezimpendulo zazo eziphakathi, ngokushoyo, njll. Ngaphakathi komzimba wabo.

Isibungu sifinyelela emzimbeni wezinkukhu kanye namaqebelengwane kulesi sigaba, lapho siqala ukuya emetacercaria - isigaba sesithathu sokuthuthukiswa. Le fomu isivele i-pathogenic kubantu.

Emathunjini omuntu, i-metacercaria iphuma ekhanda layo futhi ihambela emaphashini, lapho ukulungiswa kwayo nokwenziwa kweqanda eliqhubekayo kwenzeka khona.

Umtholampilo wesifo

Umuntu angasolula kanjani ukuthi i-paragonimosis isungulwe? Izimpawu zalesi sifo azifani neze, okudinga ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe nokuningiliziwe okuningiliziwe.

Lesi sifo singenzeka ngesimo sezinhlobo ezimbalwa - esiswini kanye ne-pleuropulmonary.

Ifomu lesisu lomzimba kaningi lwenzeka emtholampilo we-enteritis noma i-hepatitis, kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni i-peritonitis ye-parasitic njengendlela ehle kakhulu.

Ifomu le-pleuropulmonary lesi sifo libonakaliswa ezimweni eziningi. Kukhona ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuya kuma-38 degrees nangaphezulu, ukukhwehlela okuqinile nokukhishwa kwe-sputum enegazi eligcwele igazi namaqanda ama-parasite. Kukhona nomtholampilo we-pneumonia, pleurisy.

Uma i-parasite itholakala emaphethelweni angaphandle emaphaphu, kungenzeka ukuthi yakha ama-cysts we-parietal ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-pleural empyema noma pleurisy.

Njengoba ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo kudala ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-pneumosclerosis nokuwohloka kwemisebenzi yokuphefumula kwangaphandle.

Ukuqhekeka okungenzeka kwamathishu emaphaphu ngokuthuthukiswa kwegazi lomuthi.

Izinkinga

Lesi sifo ngokwawo sinzima kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. I-paragonimosis eyinkimbinkimbi iqhubeka kanjani? Izimpawu zalo zilandelayo.

Njengoba kutholakala ifomu lesisu, ukukhishwa kwamathumbu emathunjini kungenzeka ngokuthuthukiswa komtholampilo we-peritonitis nokubunjwa kwe-peritoneum ne-phlegmon.

Ifomu le-pulmonary liyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphuma kwegazi, ukwakheka kwe-pleural effusion, ne-lung infarction. Ukuthuthukiswa kanzima kwama-cyst ensimini yokukhuthaza kwenhliziyo kuya kumaphaphu wesokunxele.

Uma ukusabalala kwesifo se-hematogenous noma i-lymphogenous kungenzeka, kungangena ezinhlotsheni nezicubu ezihlukahlukene. Ubuchopho ku-paragonymosis buvame ukuthinteka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-meningitis ye-parasitic ne-meningoencephalitis.

I-paragonimosis yamaphaphu ingaholela ekwakheni ama-cysts e-intrapulmonary. Lokhu kwenzeka uma, uma kwenzeka ukwelapha i-anthelmintic ngokungenakufanele, imbongi, ukuze ugweme imiphumela yemithi, ifomu ezungeze yona i-capsule elicwebekile ebalwa, evumela ukulinda izimo ezingathandeki (kulokhu, isenzo semithi). Ama-cysts anjalo adinga ukungenelela okuhlinzekwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo

Luhlobo luni locwaningo oluzosiza ukucaca ukuthi ukuphuma kwamapulmoni kungene emzimbeni?

Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kufanele kwenziwe. Kuyo, izinkomba ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zizoba yi-ESR, inani lama-erythrocyte nama-eosinophils.

Izikhalazo zesiguli, kanye nokuqoqa ngokucophelela ama-anamnesis (ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane noma amakhumba, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emifuleni ezindaweni ezingapheli) kuzosiza.

Nge-helminthiasis, i-eosinophils ne-ESR izokwanda. Izinga lama-erythrocyte linciphisa ngenqubo yesikhathi eside yesikhathi samanje.

Ngezindlela ezisetshenziswayo, okungcono kakhulu kuwu-fluorography. Ivumela ukucacisa ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali okwakhiwa emathangeni amaphaphu, ukudalula indawo yayo kanye nobukhulu bayo. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha yesithombe, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum kwenza kube lula ukukhomba amaqanda we-worm, kanye nemigqa yegazi enegazi.

Ukwelapha

Lesi sifo siphathwa kanjani?

Amaphaphu emaphashini omuntu kuyinkinga enkulu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uphishekele umgomo wokuqeda i-helminth.

Isidakamizwa esiyinhloko esisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-paragonimosis yiyona "Praziquantel". I-dose yayo ibalwa ngokususelwa ku-60-70 mg yesidakamizwa nge kilogram yesisindo somzimba. Leli remedy for parasites linikezwa ngamanani amathathu emva kokudla ngalunye. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa ngaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa namathuluzi afana ne-"Emetin", "Chloksil", kepha umphumela wokwamukelwa kwawo kuncane kakhulu kune "Prazikvantel."

Uma wenza ama-cysts amakhulu, ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulu uma ama-cysts enkulu, kungenzeka ukuthi i-pneumonectomy iyadingeka - ukususwa kwephasi lonke.

Ngesifo sobuchopho, ukwelashwa kuwukuhlinzwa kuphela.

Ukuvimbela

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele i-paragonimosis? Ukuvimbela kungabandakanya imisebenzi eminingana:

• Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele ngokucophelela imithetho yokulungisa ama-arthropods amanzi ahlanzekile. Inombolo enkulu kakhulu ye-paragonimosis izifo ziwela ngokunembile ekungahambisani nezidingo zokudla kanye nemigomo.
• Ingxenye yokusabalalisa kwesifo ingathinteka ngokuhlanza imifula nemifudlana kusuka ku-pathogen. Kungcono kunzima ukwenza lokhu, ngoba ngenxa yezenzo ezisebenzayo, izitshalo nezilwane ezikhona zale ndawo zingase zife.

Uma kukhona ukusola kokutholakala kwesifo (ukubukeka kokukhwehlela noma ezinye izimpawu), ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic kungenzeka ukuthatha i-Prazikvantel ngezinsuku ezingu-4-5. Kodwa-ke, ungathembeli ekuziphatheni okwezodwa, ngoba ungazilimaza kuphela. Kungcono ukucela usizo oluvela kuchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe, ukuze anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo, futhi ahlele uhlelo olufanele lokwelapha.

Isibikezelo

Ngokuvamile, uma isiguli siqala ekuqaleni kokuqala kwezimpawu, futhi inqubo ayinaso isikhathi sokusebenza ngokugcwele, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kwahlelwa uhlelo olwanele lwezokwelapha, ukubikezelwa kuyamukeleka kakhulu. Abantu abaningi baphulukiswa ngokuphelele nge-paragonism.

Uma inqubo isuqalile, futhi ama-cysts akhiwa emaphashini, ukuhlaselwa kwesibindi kunzima nakakhulu. Ama-cysts amancane angase abe nomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni; Abakhulu bayodinga ukususwa kwabo, okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwesiguli, ngenxa yalokho. Ngokuvamile, iziguli emva kokuhlinzwa ziqhubeka nokuphila okuvamile neminye imikhawulo emisebenzini yomsebenzi nomsebenzi.

Isibikezelo esingahle kakhulu lapho ama-pathogens engena ebuchosheni. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.