I izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ngokhonkolo

mix ukhonkolo kahle sakhiwa nenqwaba izingxenye ukhonkolo kahle exubile ngaphambi kokuphulukisa nesibekandzaba. Ukwakheka kuchazwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ukwakhiwa. I unama usimende iyona element kwesakhiwo esikhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki bawo nezinto ezasetshenziswa, ingxube kufanele uzitholele homogeneity yasekuqaleni phakathi yezokuthutha stowage, futhi sibe workability eyanele ngokuhambisana indlela ukubekwa uphawu esetshenziswa.

Ukhonkolo kuthonywa bathuthukisa imizamo kuletha lokuqala ukusonteka nokunwebeka namandla kwesakhiwo emva ushintsho ithatha ifomu uketshezi viscous. Isetshenziselwa ukuchaza sokunquma izici thixotropy thinning mechanical ukuqina umphumela ukungabi yalo.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Kalula kubekwa eka- ebaluleke kakhulu concreting ka ezakhiwe futhi ukwakha imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Inikeza ukugcwaliswa ledzingekako isikhunta ngenkathi sigcina isakhiwo esidala.

ukuhamba libhekene kuchazwe ukuwa, uzilungiselele kusukela impahla uvivinyo. Workability has ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu ukubeka at zero ukuwa.

Ukuqina ibalwa vibration isikhathi kwathatha for the noku- kwakuzosuswa Isigaxa ingxube ngaphambilini walungisa idivayisi ekhethekile.

I izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ukhonkolo kanye ukufana into incike lwenethiwekhi ingxube. Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona ukufana mass ngesikhathi ezokuthutha, inhlangano uphawu. I mobile ingxube ukhonkolo ngesikhathi compaction akha okusanhlamvu uqale bukhomba, okuholela ephakeme amanzi. Ukuvimbela i-bundle ezihambayo izinto nokunyusa umthamo zokulondoloza amanzi kufezwa ngokusebenzisa plasticizing ukwakhiwa ukunciphisa inani lamanzi nomkhombe, nokukhetha kahle izingxenye wokudla.

Udoboformuemost

Isici esiyinhloko kuba nenani workability ketshezi esetshenziselwa ukuxuba. Amanzi ibekwe phakathi lokubolekwa usimende nokunamathisela. Kusukela futhi incike inani izakhiwo rheological ngokhonkolo esekelwe viscosity futhi esiphezulu voltage ukufuduka.

Filler amanzi funa kuba kwande lenyuka okusanhlamvu indiza okungukuthi nobuntu isihlabathi esihle.

Ukubambelela ezingeni njalo amanzi usimende isilinganiso ukunikeza amandla impahla, kusukela Ukweqa yayo kubangelwa ukwanda kwamanzi funa. Ukusetshenziswa isihlabathi esihle ngendlela enomqondo ngemva kwalokho othulini noma yemvelo isihlabathi indawo nge plasticizing izakhiwo.

uhlobo

Isicelo Ukhonkolo lomthwalo ihlukile ukusetshenziswa metal kanye nezinye izinto nge kuyaqina okukhulu. Kusukela nhlanganisela izisekelo kuxhomeke izakhiwo ukhonkolo nge ukwanda komthwalo Axial. It libhekene izinguquko ukusonteka nokunwebeka ngaphansi komthwalo isikhathi esifushane futhi ngezinye voltage low. amandla Ukwandiswa inyuka wemfihlo atholakalayo, okuyinto kunomthelela porosity ngokhonkolo. Regulation module impahla kungenzeka ekuphathweni oyiyo.

Creep nokwanda ukhonkolo ngaphansi kwethonya static ukusonteka umthwalo njalo. izakhiwo ezinjalo zincike nomswakama ukhonkolo, izimo kwesicelo, uhlobo Ukwakheka impahla kanye nokukhiqiza yayo ukulinganiselwa, khona fillers ezithile. Nechobozekile idwala yamadwala igneous okuqondene isigaba lokubolekwa obukhulu, eliphezulu impahla nokwehlisa isisindo isiyonke ungangena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yalo uphawuleka isicelo lokubolekwa ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, esindayo kangaka ungangena ukhonkolo ngaphansi liqhathaniswa ukukhanya.

Lezi izakhiwo mechanical ukwanda ukhonkolo nesilungiselelo kwanoma indaba, okuyinto Ubuye nomthelela omubi isakhiwo.

Ukuvuvukala futhi ukuncipha

Usimende ukuncipha kwenzeka ngesikhathi solidification ngaphandle ngalesi sikhathi Kuyaqapheleka futhi nemingcele usimende compressive ukunciphisa izakhi komugqa. It kuncike ingxenye kwesakhiwo futhi kunomswakama. Ukhonkolo futhi wasisekela eziphathekako ngu ukuncipha zithole voltage okuyilo ke esetshenzisiwe ukusika oluhlehlela amalunga omzimba ukuze takhiwo eside, okuyinto kusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka imifantu.

Massive ukhonkolo ezahlukene omiswe okusheshayo zangaphandle, ukulondolozwa eside umswakama ngaphakathi. A ukuncipha nonuniform kuholela imifantu afihlekile itshe usimende kanye amaphuzu engaxhumani yamathebhu i eqine ukucindezeleka zangaphandle.

Ukuncishiswa ukuncipha ukhonkolo liyadingeka ukulondoloza izimfanelo Monolithic lezinto bese ulungise ukucindezeleka ukuncipha. Ngokufaka yamathebhu kule ingqikithi iyunithi ivolumu kunciphisa inani isibopho futhi wabonisa kumiswa uhlobo ngokugcwalisa Uhlaka, ekuvimbeleni ukuncipha ezinkulu. Yingakho-ke echayeke itshe usimende kunamandla izixazululo ukhonkolo.

Ukhonkolo, izakhiwo ukwakhiwa ezihlinzeka ukusetshenziswa kwemigwaqo izakhiwo wokubacindezela, ngaphansi ogelezayo nokumanzisa ehlelekile futhi omiswe. Ukushintsha izinga umswakama equkethwe ikhuthaza deformations enye, okuyinto efanele kuholela nesenzakalo imifantu futhi ukunciphisa isikhathi wokusebenza sikhungo.

Ukumelana isithwathwa

Ukumelana frost kunqunywa usebenzisa okokuqandisa enye futhi incibilikiswa emanzini. Amasampula ukushisa kabi, ayahlolwa isonto elilodwa noma ngenyanga eyodwa, uma e indinganiso bayashintshana ekufukameleni ekamelweni solidification. Ukumelana incike ukwakheka kanye porosity we capillary esetshenziswa izithasiselo. Ukumelana Frost futhi umswakama permeability buvezwa kakhulu inani macropores capillary. ukwanda emakiwe e porosity ngedatha isici kuya ku-7%.

umswakama ukumelana

Amanzi izakhiwo nemithi ukhonkolo ziyancipha ngenkathi ekunciphiseni ivolumu ezimbotsheni capillary, asetshenziselwa le amanzi-oxosha futhi uphawu izakhi yethulwa ngesikhathi enza. Surface ukungezwani kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli esingaphansi amanzi, ngakho-ke kukhona degrees ngaphezulu Ukungena ku ukhonkolo. Ukungeza izithasiselo ekhethekile esetshenziswa ukunciphisa filtration imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ukusebenzisa impahla anwebekayo esikhundleni Portland usimende kubangela ukwehla ecijile permeability lamafutha amanzi.

izakhiwo Thermo-ngokomzimba core ukhonkolo

Omunye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu iyona conductivity ezishisayo, okuyinto ebaluleke ngokukhethekile ezisetshenziselwa izakhi umthwalo esindayo zezakhiwo.

ukhonkolo Heavy has ezingeni lelisetulu conductivity ezishisayo, okuyinto kwezinye izimo kunciphisa amathuba ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ngo womshini panel izindonga zangaphandle ke kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-heater yangaphakathi.

izingxenye ezifana ukhonkolo, njengoba isixazululo kanye lokubolekwa indawo babe okuza ezahlukene kwanda, esihambelana ezihlukahlukayo ukusonteka ngesikhathi lokushisa ukuhluka. Ukuze izinguquko ezinkulu zingase zibangele kwemifantu esicashile kubangelwa amazinga ehlukene ukunwetshwa ezishisayo yesixazululo, futhi yamathebhu. Ingabe imifantu indiza yamathebhu, mhlawumbe futhi ukubukeka kwazo ubhontshisi kanye isixazululo ezibuthakathaka. Ungagwema umonakalo yangaphakathi isinqumo kahle izingxenye izinketho ecishe ifane.

ukhonkolo engasindi

Lapho kwakhiwa futhi kuya kuba ngokuya kabanzi ukhonkolo engasindi esekelwe ukungena nakwamanye amazwe yamathebhu umbono ezingeni ezanele amandla ngezinye inhlanganiso ongaphakeme kanye nohlu izici ezinhle, njengothando eziphansi kanye conductivity ezishisayo, anda ukumelana nomlilo, umswakama, ukuqina kanye frost. Okubalulekile okunjalo kuphephile, imvelo ngenxa nokusetshenziswa womshini feedstock ezingcolisa ayinangozi futhi izisekelo amaminerali. Izakhiwo ngokhonkolo engasindi ukuthi ubavumele ukuba lisetshenziswe Monolithic futhi prefabricated umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo. Ukwandisa izinga lokubolekwa, ukunwetshwa imithombo of izinto zokusetshenziswa, ngcono nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji neqhaza namathuba angcono ukusetshenziswa.

Ukwanda eliphakeme ebonwe ukudalwa imiklamo uthango futhi walling ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Kodwa ngenxa elincane eziveza amandla kanye namandla we ukhonkolo engasindi elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa dolobha kuphela uma ukudalwa amabhande kwagcizelela futhi uzimele metal. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukhonkolo nemibi ekhona ziyancipha phakathi nezinguquko ehlelekile ku uhlobo nendlela into.

esindayo ukhonkolo aggregate

ukhonkolo Heavy indaba ethandwa kakhulu ngamandla eliphezulu futhi ukusetshenziswa yiningi. Kungenxa yokuthi kwakheka ingxenye eqinile. Izici ezikhethekile ukhonkolo esindayo, kalula ukufakwa kanye ukulethwa, ngemali ephansi kwenza ukuba sifinyelele nokudlanga ezinjalo. kusebenta encishisiwe sakubona ukudalwa ukukhanya ophahleni futhi udonga ezakhiwe, njengoba kudinga nokuncipha nokushisa.

Ukhonkolo Esilula: Properties, Izicelo

Lolu hlobo libhekwa njengoba engabizi futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu izinto zokwakha, ukuvumela ukudala izinto imisebenzi ehlukene inombolo encane samaphansi ukusetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi isimo sezulu.

Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo ukhonkolo engasindi etholwe emva elapha ingxube ka siliceous, izingxenye astringent, wandisa ngokusebenzisa ohlabayo ejenti. Ngenxa wawubumba is kuya yokugcina "lezinyosi" isakhiwo kokuba emoyeni ikhule ezimbotsheni, nombala ngokufanele lonke. A impahla yalolu hlobo has amandla anele, ongaphakeme izakhiwo ukushisa-ukuqhuba kwabantu ongaphakeme ngobuningi. izakhiwo ezinjalo ngokhonkolo evundile, lihambisana ubuchwepheshe ukukhanya izinto zokusetshenziswa etholakalayo, okwenza kube kukho esilungele Ukusabalala okuqhubekayo izinto idaliwe kusuka ukhonkolo uhlobo ukukhanya odongeni ezakhiwe. isisekelo ukhonkolo yezingxenye evamile abangenaso ukubunjwa yayo izinto eziyingozi.

izinzuzo

Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa kungaba ukulungiswa lula ngokwanele of porosity kanye ukuthola impahla kanye ngezinhloso ezehlukile kanye kwabantu ngobuningi.

Uma usebenzisa izinto nge kwabantu ongaphakeme, ukhonkolo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kudala ukumelana ngokwanele ukuba imisindo nezingahlobene nendaba futhi umsindo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba usike zonke izinhlobo amafomu kanye at engele ezahlukene. Ukuze imisebenzi ingase isetshenziselwe amathuluzi lalivamile ezifana indiza noma isaha.

Cellular kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo, izakhiwo okukuvumela wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ezifundeni ngezimiso eziphakeme ingozi zokuzamazama komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi zingaba i material zibalulekile. izindawo zokuhlala kanye industrial, ukudala ukuthi wayevamile ukuba ukuzinza mkhulu phakathi nokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa isisindo ongaphakeme, okuyinto kunciphisa umthwalo jikelele isakhiwo.