Unkamisa, umsindo ungwaqa: okuncane mayelana amafonethiki Russian

Noma ubani ohlala ezweni imisindo. Yena ezwa isifula Ukuphoshoza, le sengiprofethile amathayi yomoya ovunguzayo, icula, izinja zikhonkotha, le gurgling yamanzi embizeni, inyama skvorchanie endaweni ukuthosa epanini, ukucula, inkulumo kanye nokunye okuningi. Indoda ejwayele kangaka kwalezi ezintweni, okuyinto ngokuvamile uya crazy, ngokuba kuthule dú.

Okokuqala, lapho ukuqala ukufunda ulimi esikoleni - kungcono amafonethiki, ie isayensi umsindo wenkulumo. Ngokuvamile, leli gatsha abafundi yezilimi ungathandi, kodwa eqinisweni kungaba ezithakazelisayo kakhulu! Ngokufunda onkamisa nongwaqa of isiRashiya, abafundi bafunde ukuthi 33 izinhlamvu zamagama amelela 42 Umsindo: 6 onkamisa ncamashi ngaphezulu izikhathi 6 ongwaqa. Kukhona izincwadi, okuyinto zivumelana imisindo emibili, futhi kukhona labo ungameli yimuphi umsindo.

A preponderance ezifanayo ongwaqa is ebonwe iningi izilimi zomhlaba. Philologists eyaziwa nezilimi ezifana esiyingqayizivele, ezifana manje bafile Ubykh, okuyinto namanje in the 90s kwekhulu elidlule uthe abameli lokugcina abantu ezincane abahlala ku Sea Coast ngo Sochi. Ubykh Yaziwa nokuba 2 onkamisa (eside futhi esifushane [a]), ke zaba ongwaqa 84! Encwadini ezihlobene Isi-Abkhazian yakhe 3 onkamisa mayelana ongwaqa 60. izilimi maKristu abizwa nemisebenti yekwakha emagama.

Kulezo izilimi, ababiziweyo vocalic (isiFulentshi, Finnish), inani onkamisa akuvamile idlula isibalo ongwaqa. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile. I-akhawunti ongwaqa Danish 20 26 onkamisa.

Kasibili unkamisa umsindo kuyisici esihlupha bonke izilimi emhlabeni [kanye]. Lona ethandwa kakhulu, Nokho, akungenxa kakhulu imvamisa unkamisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesiNgisi evamise esetshenziswa umsindo [e].

Ngokuthakazelisayo, unkamisa umsindo isiRashiya akhiwa "phezu exhale." Okuwukuphela le isibalazo "Awu-ah-ah", bebonisa ukwesaba, okuyinto abusisa ugqozi. Kanjani a unkamisa? Umoya ovela emaphashini engena uqhoqhoqho futhi uhlangabezana isithiyo endleleni yezwi. Isukela indiza emoyeni ngamakhala futhi udale umsindo (izwi). Khona-ke umoya busuka ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Lapho sithi umuntu unkamisa, izindebe, amazinyo, ulimi akusho kuthiye ukugeleza komoya, ngakho umsindo ezengeziwe ekhiqizwa. Ngakho, umsindo unkamisa siqukethe ithoni olulodwa (izwi) - ngoba okuthiwa. Isidingo ukukhuluma kakhulu kunabanye unkamisa, ngokuma okuvulekile kuyadingeka ukuvula umlomo.

Umehluko phakathi onkamisa komunye nomunye ngenxa yokuthi, yini ifomu sikunikeza umlomo. umsindo Uma izindebe babanjwa, etholakala [y] noma [o]. Ulimi akuvimbeli emoyeni ngamakhala lungaphezu ngakho ukwakha i-buzz, kodwa indawo yayo kule ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kushintsha kancane lapho othi onkamisa ezahlukene. Ulimi sekunzima iyophakanyiswa noma sehliselwe phansi, bese ukuhambisa emuva naphambili. Lezi izimo ezincane kungaholela ekwakhekeni ezahlukene unkamisa umsindo.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Isici nobuntu isiRashiya umehluko yokubiza ecindezelekile futhi onkamisa unstressed. Ezobulala isikhundla thina ngempela ukuzwa [a], [a], [y] [s] [futhi] [e] - okubizwa ngokuthi isikhundla namandla. Ngo unstressed isikhundla esifanayo (esimweni ababuthakathaka) umsindo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile.

Unkamisa [a], [a], [e] ngemva ongwaqa kanzima ukumela into efana [a], kodwa buthaka kakhulu. Abafundi ngokwesiko ukuchaza lokhu kuzwakala [a], kodwa Philologists abe isithonjana ahlukene []. Ngemva ongwaqa ezithambile anemisindo efanayo avame ukuba sengathi [futhi] (zezilimi ushayele le umsindo "futhi olwalusikisela e" - [IE]). imihlola ezinjalo ebonwe amaqoqo pretonic (ngaphandle ekuqaleni eliphelele izwi).

Kuyinto lesi sici 'omkhulu futhi onamandla "kwenza kube nzima hhayi kuphela abantu bakwamanye amazwe kodwa futhi ngoba abantu bomdabu abalukhulumayo. Isipelingi onkamisa unstressed kufanele uhlole noma ukukhumbula.