Companion - isiphakamiso ... ngegama elithi "umngane." Ukusingatha isakhamuzi esikanye naso, umngane

Igama elithi "umngane" - ingenye emabito Balisebenzisa kakhulu isiRashiya. Nokho, ukubaluleka yakhe eyinhloko ungeze extra ambalwa e neminyaka engaba yikhulu edlule. Yiziphi futhi uyini umehluko phakathi kwegama elithi "umngane", "umngane" nelithi "isakhamuzi"?

Umsuka wegama elithi

On komkhathi enkulukazi ERussia yasendulo isikhathi eside kwakukhona ibizo elithi "umngane". Leli gama kusukela Turkic izwi tavar, okungama-"umkhiqizo" (ngezinye izikhathi izinkomo noma impahla kwamanye).

Kukholakala ukuthi abangane yokuqala okuthiwa abathengisi, onguchwepheshe ukudayisa ngohlobo olulodwa izimpahla. Kodwa kungani-ke etymology usebhekene ushintsho olukhulu kangaka - is engaziwa.

Futhi, kukhona uhlobo njengabesifazane kwegama elithi "umngane" - a "tovarka". Ekhulwini XIX. ke ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe inkulumo. Nokho, ngolimi lwanamuhla, lokhu Ibizo is hhayi kabanzi isicelo.

Okwakushiwo yendabuko igama elithi "umngane"

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba 1917 comrades ngokuthi abantu united bebodwa kanye nomsebenzi ovamile noma abasebenza icala.

Leli gama kwaba esebenzayo kulabo ukufunda ndawonye, uhamba noma anonya. Kule ndaba, akuve kuvamile ukuba Kuyisimanga isisho "kumngane amabhadi."

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuqondene izenzakalo kuka-1917, leli gama liye bathola incazelo ethé ukuhluka kancane, namuhla futhi lisetshenziswe ngomqondo ngendlela yakudala.

Umngani umngane: uyini umehluko

Zombili lezi emabito kuyahambisana, kodwa kukhona umehluko obonakalayo kakhulu phakathi kwabo.

Abangane - abantu abaxhume nomunye Ubuhlobo obuseduze okusekelwe uzwela, ukuqonda, ukuzibeka emuva futhi ozethembayo. bavame bahlala eduze noma zifunda, ngezinye izikhathi usebenze. Nokho, lezi zici akuzona eliyisisekelo, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi abangane beqiniso abahlala nje emadolobheni, kodwa futhi emazwekazini ngabanye.

Ukuze ubungane ayidingekile phi gwamanda ngokomzimba noma zomphakathi, kanti umqondo lobambiswano esinikezayo. Ngisho engumngane kangcono umsebenzi futhi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuba umngane. Futhi hhayi ngoba ephoqelekile ezinye izimfanelo ezimbi, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka useduze ezingokomoya, naphezu yimbangela ejwayelekile.

Eqinisweni, imbangela ubungane, njengesitshalo uthando, kukhona ofuna ukuphumela obala. Futhi nabangane bavame abantu of kwezakhi ehluke ngokuphelele komphakathi (eBhayibhelini, isibonelo, uchaza ubungane indodana phakathi kweNkosi uSawule noDavide umalusi).

Akuyona into engavamile lapho esebenza indoda esondela naye, futhi kuba sengathi umngane umngani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le ubuhlobo ezingeni safinyelela kungenziwa kunqunywa ukunakekelwa ikhefu elula. Uma inkathi "ngokwahlukana" abantu basaqhubeka ukubiza up, luhambisane ngisho ukuchitha isikhathi ndawonye - bese bahlanganiswa ubungane hhayi kuphela. By the way, uwukubonakaliswa Pushkin "ezivela kubangani ukwenza lutho," kulandisa ngaphezulu nomqondo ngokubambisana.

Enye elithile elibanzi imiqondo le Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibizo elithi "umngane" omqondofana zabo, kukhona awusebenzi kulo elithi "umngane". Lokhu "dade" futhi "Panibratov". Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "bromance" (kusukela English umzalwane romance) laqanjwa ku nineties zakuqala ukuchaza ubungane obuseduze isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama ngokobulili.

Ubani nabizelwa namaqabane emazweni kwamaSoviet?

Nge eza emandleni amaKhomanisi futhi ushintsho isakhiwo sepolitiki of the Empire, Russian ezaqedwa ukwelashwa ezifana "Mnumzane / Nkosikazi", "Mnumzane / Madam", "Dumisani yakho", "Ukuhlonipheka yakho" kanye nabanye.

Ukuze agcizelele ukulingana jikelele, hhayi nje kuphela isimo sabo emphakathini, kodwa futhi ngobulili, ukwelashwa "umngane" laqanjwa kubo bonke.

Umlando waleli value

Isiko ukusebenzisa leli gama njengendlela yokwelapha sekukhona emva French Revolution. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa ohlanga kanye nokwelashwa France eRiphabhulikhi kwakunesidingo ukusebenzisa isikhalazo jikelele kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, ukuze agcizelele ukulingana kwazo. Ekuqaleni leli gama kwaba "isakhamuzi» (citoyen), kodwa kwakunganele "wamavukelambuso 'futhi 1790 salandelwa camarade (umngane).

izwi kwaduma umbuthano antimonarchist ngesandla ukukhanya we-French. Ngakho, iningi anarchist, lamakhomanisi, izinhlangano sezenhlalo ngisho nomphakathi-yeningi kwekhulu XIX. Yaqala ukuyisebenzisa njenge-reference phakathi kwamalungu alo.

Ngemva kokuba amandla amaKhomanisi eMbusweni Russian, yandiswa isimo esemthethweni. By the way, eJalimane lobuNazi e imithi oyinikiwe kwaba Parteigenosse efanayo (umngane eqenjini).

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ekwelapheni CIS "umngane" ikhishiwe. Esikhathini Russian Federation namuhla isetshenziswa esikhundleni "isakhamuzi" noma "Nkosi"; futhi e-Ukraine - "The Citizen", "i-pan".

Citizen, umngane: uyini umehluko

Nakuba emva linemibhikisho French futhi Okthoba eFrance Russia kwegazi "isakhamuzi" futhi "umngane" baba cishe kuyahambisana, kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwazo. Ngakho, zonke izakhamuzi kungaba umngane, kodwa akuzona zonke isakhamuzi esikanye naso.

Iqiniso lokuthi izakhamizi - kuthiwa abantu abahlala unomphela endaweni isimo esithile, unelungelo ukujabulela zonke izinzuzo zayo futhi baphoqelelwa ukuba benze yonke imisebenzi ayeyabelwe umthetho. Ayikho umngane onjalo ilungelo kungaqali, ngoba kungaba isakhamuzi sakwelinye izwe.

la amagugu babe eduze komunye nomunye ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. ngenxa yokuthi ezazisemizini ukusetshenziswa njengoba isikhalazo esemthethweni e-USSR. I "umngane" kwaba isikhalazo jikelele kokubili amadoda nabesifazane, kuyilapho ibizo elithi "isakhamuzi" kwaba isifazane - ". Isakhamuzi"

Ubani "umngane" ibutho lezempi

Njengoba izwi esingesihle lahlala lempi emazweni amaningi CIS. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia, e-Ukraine futhi Belarus, ibizo elithi "umngane" lisetshenziswa njengendlela ngibopha kwegazi esemthethweni phakathi kwazo zonke zezikhulu. Ngokwe iziqondiso, njalo wanezela erenki lempi - ". Iqabane Okukhulu"

Ngobani okuthiwa abangane

Ngaphandle amagugu ezimbili eziyinhloko, leli gama futhi kwadingeka nabanye abaningi.

Ngaphansi koMbuso Russian phambi inguquko, umngane ngokuthi amasekela noma abasizi izikhulu. Futhi kwabizwa ngokuthi njengoba amalungu siseyingqayizivele kwezohwebo - ngokubambisana.

Cossacks Ukraine ekhulwini XVII-XVIII. Sasebenzisa isihloko "ibutho comrade ', okuyinto kwaba lifana elisezingeni" Cornet ". Futhi kwaba khona omunye isihloko - "umngane bunchukovy" ngubani pha hetmans amadodana IZINDUNA futhi colonels. By the way, ngemva kokubhujiswa Zaporizhzhya Sich inzalo bunchukovyh comrades Uthole knighthood eMbusweni Russian.

EPoland, e comrades ubudala okuthiwa ezicukuthwaneni abacebile, abathenge ngemali yabo ukuhlomisa nabasizi bakhe, ehlanganisa ezicukuthwaneni abampofu. Futhi leli gama liye labizwa ngokuthi isikhundla (uLieutenant).

Kanye Emabitomvama, kukhona amabizo ambalwa negama yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, amagxolo chetyrohmachtovy Lauriston, uqambe kabusha eSoviet Union kule "Cde". Lokhu umkhumbi labhujiswa ngo 1943. Kamuva, wawubizwa ngokuthi yokudumisa barque German enezinsika ezintathu Gorch Fock, ngofuzo eSoviet Union ngemva kwempi.

Igama umdlalo Tovarich wemidlalo American Roberta Shervuda, ebhalwe ngo-1935, eminyakeni emibili emva kokushicilelwa sengathi yathathwa.

Ngo-1970, umqambi O. Ivanov wabhala ingoma "Cde" ( "Nginezwi eliyimfihlo engingathanda ingoma njengoba umoya kaJesu uyogcwalisa ezweni mayelana ukuthi umngane aya empini ...") amazwi A. Prokofiev.

Izibonelo edume kakhulu igama elithi "umngane"

Ngaphezu imisho eziwubala ngedatha emabito ( "Kufanele umngane kusuka sikhungo namuhla bahamba ndawonye baya cinema"), kukhona labo asenesikhathi eside yaphenduka ibinzana catch. Ngokwesibonelo, ecaphuna lolu hlelo LamaKhomanisi wase-USSR: ". YoMuntu indoda - umngane, umngane nomfowabo"

Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi ngokuthi kukhulunywa ke kukhona ezinye izibonelo ezimbalwa. Yokudumisa iqhawe edume of ifilimu "Prisoner of eCaucasus" yaqanjwa ngokuthi yokudlela ku Dnieper - "Cde CAAX".

Kude umusho ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngegama elithi "umngane" itholakala izikhathi Soviet kumkhankaso amaphosta ahlukahlukene. Esithombeni ngezansi ungabona isibonelo omunye wabo.

Ekhuluma ngale ndaba, ingasaphathwa umusho zenkolo ngegama elithi "umngane" wombhali V I. Lenina, okuyinto namuhla isibe incazelo satirical.

Igama ngokwalo kuyo yonke le minyaka ubelokhu omuhle khona, kodwa ngenxa kokuqagela ngokweqile kubo phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet namuhla, kwenza abantu izinhlangano kubuhlungu ngempela. Ingabe lolu shintsho angabonwa.