Intranasal - kuyinto ukuphatha izidakamizwa? ukwakhiwa intranasal

Kunezindlela eziningi yokwazisa izidakamizwa emzimbeni womuntu ezahlukene. Njengoba sekuzoqala kwemithi yokuqala zasebenzisa izindlela zendawo ngesimo kwezicelo, rastirok, licindezele, futhi semagama lakhulunywako, lokufaka nokudla eziningi amafomu isilinganiso semithi oyidlayo noma ukumuncwa sublingual. ngaphezulu izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ziye zasetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa nobuchwepheshe nokudilivela ketshezi asebenzayo ukuze isitho target.

Kwakukhona suppositories rectal futhi yesitho sowesifazane sangasese (suppository), amaphilisi multicomponent kanye amaphilisi, kuhlanganise nezibhebhe camera, namkha ngemva kokuphela esiswini juice noma enzyme emathunjini. izindlela Injection: intra- futhi ongama, esicutshini, emthanjeni kanye naphakathi-lwemithambo, intraosseous. Umuthi is injected ngalo ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Naphezu umzila elula yokuphathwa, endotracheal futhi intranasal ukwakhiwa ziye zasetshenziswa esanda kutholakala. Yiqiniso, amathonsi ekhaleni ikhona kakade sikaHippocrates. Nokho, intranasal - lena ngenye yezindlela yokuphathwa for kwezidingo kwezinye izitho, futhi akukhona yini ikhambi ukuvuvukala endaweni ebandayo, kanye nokuphathwa enjalo iye yasetshenziswa kuphela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.

Amaqembu intranasal ukwakhiwa, ukuhlinzeka jikelele (letindzala) isenzo

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kuye kwembula ukuthi ekulweni umkhuhlane - akulona isizathu kuphela ukwethulwa izidakamizwa phakathi komgodi acinene. Inani lemithi uma ube isinyathelo letindzala, buthule matasa kusukela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila amavesi acinene sifike lapho siya khona sabo ngqo.

Intranasal ekuphathweni kungenzeka:

• H1-antihistamine (yokungezwani komzimba);
• a-adrenoceptor agonists (vasoconstrictors);
• insika iseli stabilizers ulwelwesi;
• serotoninergic (ukuhlinzeka imiphumela ehlukahlukene - of vasoconstriction i antiallergic);
• ama-hormone protivogormonalnyh;
• analgesics kwelashwa ;
• immunomodulators;
• correctors umzimba uqwanga bone izicubu;
• psychostimulants futhi nootropics.

ekuphathweni intranasal Ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa

a weenhlahla isikhathi eside kakhulu baye bazama ukuxazulula imisebenzi emibili unsolvable maqondana ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kokuba isakhiwo chemical amaprotheni. Isikhubekiso kwaba ukuphazamiseka amaprotheni-peptide ingxenye, isithako esebenzayo by juice esiswini kanye enzyme emathunjini e reception ngomlomo. Futhi, inkinga isibe into le ndima lokuqala ngokusebenzisa isibindi - Umsebenzi yokubopha eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kukhuthaza yayo.

Isixazululo itholwe ukusetshenziswa umzila komjovo yokuphathwa futhi suppositories rectal. Nokho, indlela yokuqala ihlukile kwabanye eyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe, kuhlangene emizweni ezingezinhle. Owesibili kwaba hhayi ngempumelelo ngokwanele ngenxa absorbability ongaphakeme esigabeni yokugcina ingemuva. Isinqumo wasondela. Kwatholakala ukuthi intranasal - ke njengoba umjovo, abaphathi ezinjalo, lapho kuqala okusheshayo nomphumela oqabulayo. Futhi unezela izinto ezithile ezihlobene inikezwa ezifana bioavailability okusezingeni eliphezulu, isb emakamu edingekayo isithako esisebenzayo endaweni uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Enye ewusizo impahla intranasal ekuphathweni alubonisa ngokulungiselela extracellular (ukumuncwa ngokudlula emgudwini wegazi ngokusebenzisa lwamafinyila) Ukungena izinto asebenzayo ku ubuchopho. Ukuthola indawo olfactory, umuthi silethwa Imicu yotshani olfactory nezinzwa trigeminal.

Dedela yakha intranasal ukwakhiwa

Ukuze ishuthekwe ingaphakathi acinene isetshenziswa ngempela inani elilinganiselwe amafomu ezithaka imithi. Eyokuqala, yebo, ekhaleni lehla. Mhlawumbe izimpushana ephefumula nge isakhiwo esihle. Isetshenziswa laying yokugcoba. izixazululo abahlukahlukene noma Iziphungo amakhambi for ukugeza amazinyo anezimbobo acinene kuleli qembu akuzona ngenxa ukuchayeka emfushane le mucosa lapho isicelo.

Ifomu eyinhloko ukukhululwa intranasal izidakamizwa kokuba imiphumela letindzala kukhona izifutho acinene. Lakhicitwe ngesimo sokuphuzisa bafike bachitha amabhakede anendle nge air onomfutho noma nge esebenzayo futha-atomizer. Ngenxa a ivolumu ezithile kwekhabhoni spray lapho sicindezelwe kanye, kungenzeka ukuba umthamo kuqhathaniswa luyalawuleka zomuthi.

Futhi, uma usebenzisa i-spray ngokulinganayo ngenkasa acinene mucosa. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa zomuthi ezikhulisa wesenzo kwemithi.

Izinzuzo esemqoka acinene ekuphathweni

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izimfanelo ezisemqoka emimoya ukwakhiwa intranasal. Ubulula yokuphathwa, okuyinto akudingi ezengeziwe imishini yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, njengoba kunjalo izindlela umjovo abasakwazi abalulekile ekusebenziseni kwazo yisiguli.

Nge izitho zomzimba kanye kwemithi izikhundla ku kwasekuqaleni ukuthi kungenzeka isenzo emaphakathi isakhiwo ingqondo. Sikuveze umphumela letindzala, eza ngesikhathi esifushane, njengoba indlela umjovo we ekuphathweni, kubalulekile. Ngenxa ukungabikho mkhuba ukudlula lokuqala ngokusebenzisa isibindi, inikeza bioavailability okusezingeni eliphezulu zomuthi kanye esincane ezihambisana ukusabela ezingezinhle.

I yokuntula

Ngokombono walaba umphumela letindzala inkinga eyinhloko iwukuhlale ezingeni zokwelapha e emakamu plasma kwezidakamizwa. Esebenzisa ngokushesha wakwamukela futhi ifinyelela isiqongo Lezinyathelo isikhathi esifushane, ngakho ekuphathweni intranasal ingasetshenziswa kuphela nokuqondisa yesikhashana izimo. umphumela isikhathi eside engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma iqondiswa izidakamizwa ukuthi kube nemiphumela isakhiwo ingqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kungenzeka ukusabela bendawo ukuba le mucosa acinene. Lokhu kungenxa lokuhlushwa sezingeni eliphezulu isithako esisebenzayo kule yokwakheka spray okuqukethwe izingxenye ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ndima esiphezulu izidakamizwa esuka ebusweni mucosa kuze kufike egazini.

Amandla ukumuncwa kusukela ingaphakathi acinene uye inombolo sasivumela kungagcini izidakamizwa kokuba luyadingeka ukuze lokhu izakhiwo physicochemical. Isiguli kuyinto lokuhlushwa anda isithako esisebenzayo kuholela izindleko eziphawulekayo ukuthengwa isifutho.

immunomodulators intranasal

Esikhathini off-inkathi noma kubhubhane imikhuhlane ngoba nokwelashwa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ukwandisa jikelele kanye lendawo ukuzivikela mzimba.

Ngenjongo zokuvimbela eziphuthumayo kanye nokuvikelwa sisetshenziswa interferon intranasal.

Lapho izifundo eziningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi umzila intranasal kokuphathwa immunomodulators kunomthelela kuvimbela Ukungena amagciwane hhayi kuphela, Amagciwane ngokusebenzisa le mucosa acinene. Kuvusa amabutho oluvikelayo yayo - ukusebenza ukukhiqizwa ayo interferon. Ukuze kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe endogenous yokwelapha interferon yesondlo njengendlela yokuthola usebenzisa izidakamizwa "Anandina" intranasal.

interferon womuntu

Ukulungiswa ethize Ukuvikelwa mzimba umsebenzi kokuba emagciwaneni kakhulu imikhuhlane viral, "Interferon" ikhishwe ngendlela amaphilisi, amalungiselelo komjovo futhi izimpushana ukulungiswa amathonsi. Ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kwelashwe, ungasebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo ukukhululwa. Kodwa sokuvikelwa bendawo mhlawumbe intranasally. Lokhu, njengenhlangano isithiyo ongabonakali kuzovikela Ukungena isamba esikhulu igciwane kumaseli of ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. Lolu chungechunge luyonikeza legciwane eliphansi ezimweni umqedazwe.

Immunostimulant "Anandina", ngeso amaconsi futhi acinene

I umuthi esetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa ukungabi sekuyaphela yemiphumela emibi, ukusabela ezingezinhle nemiphumela emihle mzimba ukuvuselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has futhi evelele impahla amanxeba ukuthi kubalulekile kwisicelo yayo njengoba ngeso lehla ngesikhathi ukulimala corneal noma conjunctival.

Izimo kuphela inikezwe intramuscularly "Anandina". amathonsi acinene avunyelwe ngasiphi yobudala, ukukhulelwa, lactation kanye nezinye izimo noma izifo bokuphila.

Uma rhinitis iguliswa

Ngokuvamile kubangele ekhaleni silume, sneezing futhi uketshezi kakhulu ka isikhwehlela iba yini igciwane, kanye antigen, okuholela non-ethize mzimba impendulo - komzimba. Ekwelapheni eziyinkimbinkimbi yaleli fomu rhinitis, corticosteroids intranasal avame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphethwe amafomu ezithile zonyaka yokungezwani komzimba - hay fever.

Ngo izitshalo ezithile isikhathi zezimbali iziguli ezinjalo kuba insufficiently kuphela isicelo izidakamizwa antihistaminic iqembu, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi abonise umphumela kakhudlwana futhi sine. Akukhona kuvunyelwe ngaphansi ukuphathwa izimoto, usebenza ngomshini, noma ezimweni emakamu esiphezulu engqondo. Khona-ke esimisiwe izifutho wendawo hormone ukususa ukubonakaliswa izimpawu ngaphandle nomthelela kwi jikelele ibhalansi hormone.

izinyathelo zokuqapha

Naphezu ukutholakala ebanzi obukhulu lula le mithi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi intranasal - okungukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi enye, umuthi kumele kusetshenziswe kuphela kadokotela likadokotela, e umthamo enqunyiwe kubo, kaningi kanye nobungako besikhathi i-reception.

Ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho udinga ukuthatha imithi eziningi, khansela noyedwa okuyinto bengayi. Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo ukuthola ukuthi bazokwazi lapho kuhlangene nomthelela omubi emzimbeni. Yokusetshenziswa kungafaka zonke embodiments komzimba nezinto. Yingakho ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi enjalo ezivamile njengoba suppositories yokugcoba futhi izifutho, kufanele nakanjani uthintane onguchwepheshe.