Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha imphysema yamaphaphu? Izimbangela nezimpawu zesifo

Ehlanganiswa nomonakalo ku-alveoli, isifo samaphaphu esingapheli sibizwa ngokuthi i-emphysema. Ukukhubazeka kubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula futhi akupheli.

Yini eyenza u-emphysema?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sesifo ukubhema. Kubhemayo abanzi, ukubhema ugwayi kuholela ezinkambisweni ezingonakaliseki ezilimazayo kule alveoli. Into engcono kakhulu ukuyenza kulokhu kuwukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso esinjalo sizovumela ukuyeka izinqubo ezibhubhisayo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-alveolar, futhi isimo sezempilo sizothuthukisa. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlolisisa i- lung emphysema hhayi kuphela kwabokubhema. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo siqala esinye isizathu - ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin - glycoprotein, eyenzelwe ukuvikela amaphaphu ekubhujisweni kwezicubu. Izifundo zisenza siphethe ngokuthi esikhathini sethu inendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-emphysema idlalwe yizici ezimbi ezingokwemvelo, kuhlanganise nomoya ongcolisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singagxiliswa njalo ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, uthuli, ukumiswa kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-emphysema yangempela (yangaphakathi) emphysema yamapayipi, eqala ngokuzimela, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesibili, okuyinto eyenzeka ngokumelene nesinye sezifo zamapulmonary, ngokuvamile okuvimbela i-bronchitis. Ngokuphathelene nokusabalalisa, ukukhubazeka kuhlukaniswe ibe yendawo futhi kuhlukaniswe. Futhi ngokusho kwezinga lokulimala ku-acinus, okuyinto eyakhiwe yendawo yamaphaphu, lezi zinhlobo ze-emphysema zihlukile, njenge-panacinar (lapho yonke i-acinus isithintekile), i-centricacinous (i-alveoli iyathinteka phakathi nendawo ye-acinus), i-periacinarium (ingxenye ehlukanisiwe yeyunithi yesakhiwo ishintshe).

Izimpawu ze-emphysema

Uphawu oluholayo yi-dyspnea yokuphefumula, ephelezelwa nobunzima bokuphefumula. Okokuqala, kubonakala kuphela ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, futhi ekugcineni kuqhubeka futhi kuvela ngisho nasesimweni sokuphumula. Ukuqina kwalesi simpawu kuxhomeke ekungeniweni kokuphefumula. Kanye nokuphefumula okuncane, kukhona ukukhwehlela, lapho kukhishwa khona i-sputum encane yomswakama. Izinga elibonisiwe lokungapheli ukuphefumula kubonakala ngokuzikhukhumeza kobuso, i-cyanosis, ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yemithanjeni. Abagulayo baqala ukunciphisa isisindo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwemisipha yokuphefumula. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, izinguquko ezingaguqukiyo eziguquguqukayo zikhula ohlelweni lwe-cardiopulmonary.

I-emphysema yamaphaphu: izici zokuxilongwa nezikwelashwa

Ukuthola lesi sifo, i-spirometry yenziwa - isifundo esenzelwe ukulinganisa umoya ovulekile / okhulile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-X-ray yesifuba. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-emphysema ayikwazi ukuphulukiswa. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu. Kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi evimbela ukubhujiswa okuqhubekayo kwama-alveoli, kanye nezinqubo ze-physiotherapy. Uma i-emphysema ye-pulmonary ibangele ukubhema, kufanele ushiye ngokushesha umlutha - ukuqhubeka ukubhema kungaholela ekufeni. Ukuphelelwa isikhathi eside kwalesi sifo kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba.