Emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni Ukushisa simiso indlu ezweni: Yikuphi okungcono, izinzuzo nezingozi

Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe i kokupholisayo ohlelweni of amalahle izindlu zangasese, njengoba umthetho, amanzi asetshenziswa, kodwa ngalezi zinhloso isetshenziswa kanye emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni. Ngaphambi elandelayo lobu buchwepheshe, kufanele sibuze ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, futhi kanjani ukuze uyikhethe uhlelo bafudumale.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

Ngenxa kokupholisayo jikelele Ukushisa isikhathi eside esetshenziswa amanzi kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yayo physico-chemical izici, kuhlanganise umthamo othize, okuyinto 4,169 kJ / kg. Nokho, kukhona izinto ezimbalwa ongavimbela ukusetshenziswa yamanzi kokupholisayo indima jikelele. Phakathi kwabo singaqokomisa iphuzu lokuthi lokushisa ukwedlulela into kusuka uketshezi esimweni okuqinile 0 degrees. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwezinga-qhwa yevolumu amanzi lenyuka cishe ngo-10%, ngokuqinisekile iba imbangela umonakalo kunethiwekhi elaliphambi umnkantsha ketshezi. Yingakho lapho amathuba yale mibandela engenhla-echazwe isetshenziswa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ukuze bafudumale system of indlu yezwe, lapho has a izakhiwo nezimo.

ukusebenza ukusebenza futhi elilungile unganikezwa ukuze imfuyo ngenhla isetshenziselwa emoyeni bafudumale izinhlelo. Kulesi simo akusona umbuzo uketshezi ezifana ETHYL utshwala, uwoyela transformer noma emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni yezimoto. Ukukhetha emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni, kubalulekile sikhumbule ukuthi kufanele kube nokuvikeleka ngokuya kungenzeka ukuthungela futhi combustibility. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhona ezinye ukulinganiselwa, okuyinto ezibekwe umthetho izakhiwo. Emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni akufanele basabela ebusweni metal emva ukuxhumana nalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni Ukushisa izinhlelo

Uma udinga emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni Ukushisa simiso indlu ezweni ke odinga ukukwazi mayelana izakhiwo amakhemikhali ketshezi. It yadalwa ngesisekelo izixazululo aqueous of propylene glycol futhi ethylene glycol. Zezakhi ngefomu okumsulwa banolaka ngokwanele ukuzisebenzisa for bafudumale. Kodwa kukhona izithasiselo okhethekile ukuze azivikele ukubukeka Foam, ukugqwala, isikali, kanye ukulimala valve futhi izakhi ngabanye e inethiwekhi.

Lezi izithasiselo angathuthukisa ukuzinza ezishisayo, okuyinto inikezwe range lokushisa kusuka degree angu -70 kuya +110. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungabi khona nokucekelwa ezishisayo waphawula ngisho uhla lokushisa +165 ukuze +175. Kufanele kukhethwe emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ezinjalo Ukushisa simiso indlu yezwe, ngakho-ke akasabeli the zepulasitiki, injoloba kanye elastomers.

Lapho ukukhetha ethylene glycol emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

Emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni, abenzi okuyizinto eRussia, yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa bafudumale izinhlelo. Izinto ezinjalo ivezwa kahle emakethe kwezimpahla yesimanje, zisekelwe ethylene glycol. Uma kunesidingo, ungakhetha ngokwakho okuhlukile okukodwa. Ngakho, ketshezi angase ukumisa imigqa at -30 noma -65 degrees. Ukuze ugcwalise emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni uhlelo, udinga ekuqaleni ukulungiselela isixazululo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlambulula ketshezi ngamanzi. Uma ufuna ukulondoloza, kufanele ukhethe ethylene Ukwakheka, ngoba kuyahluka izindleko kancane.

emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni okunjalo Ukushisa simiso indlu lizwe ethile ebalulekile, okuyinto lubonakaliswa ubuthi. ukulimala Material kungabangela lapho imuncwe intuthu noma isikhumba contact. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umthamo ebulalayo efana for eluntfu lalinganako ivolumu okulingana 250 ml. Lokhu ethile kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni esekelwe ethylene glycol amabili-wesifunda Ukushisa amanethiwekhi. Abakwazi singene wesifunda kokupholisayo amanzi eshubile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izinto kukhawulwe kuphela ohlelweni olulodwa-circuit. Ukuze ukuphepha medium ukudluliswa ukushisa ezinemibala abomvu, okwenza kube lula ukubona ukuvuza yakhe.

Lapho ukukhetha emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni propylene glycol

Uma ucabangela emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni amagama emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene edayiswa, ungakwazi banake izinhlobo propylene glycol. Bavele ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi laba yintandokazi ngokushesha ngenxa yokuthi ezahlukene ze-non-enobuthi. Njengoba inzuzo, ungakhetha harmlessness ephelele. Lesi sici kubalulekile kakhulu izinhlelo ezimbili. idatha Namuhla coolants ingatholakala emakethe yasekhaya, nokulaywa ivumela ukuzigcina ezingeni lokushisa -35 degrees.

Ukuhlonza ezifana anti-nqabela, okuyinto zenziwa propylene glycol, ukudweba kubo oluhlaza. Ukubheka ukuthengisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ngemibala ehlukene, ungakwazi sinake umuntu achazwe ngenhla. Ngenxa inzuzo ezingenziwa sikude futhi ukuthi ngisho propylene glycol izenzo evunyiwe ukudla okufakiwe. It kungabonakala imikhiqizo confectionery njengenhlangano agent okukhuthaza nokugcinwa umswakama, ukuthambisa amanxusa kanye ukuhlakazwa.

Lapho ukukhetha triethylene glycol emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

Uma uphakamisa umbuzo yini ukuthulula emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni, uma izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ifinyelela 180 degrees, ungasebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngesisekelo the Teg. Basuke libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphezulu ukuzinza ezishisayo.

Kodwa lezi coolants akakwazi ngokuthi umkhiqizo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa jikelele. Ngokuvamile, lezi izinto asetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile lapho radiators emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni eyenzelwe ephoqelela lokushisa.

Izincomo mayelana ukukhethwa kokupholisayo

Uma ufuna ukukhetha okungcono anti-nqabela, kunconywa ukuthi ubukeze ulwazi okusesihlokweni esithi. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngalolu ketshezi pumpable ohlelweni Ukushisa, kubalulekile ukutadisha izakhiwo ezishisayo of izixazululo, okuncike ethylene glycol. Izingxenye ezisemqoka izingoma zinjalo glycol ethylene namanzi, lapho izidakamizwa kuqukethwe ngaphakathi 95%.

Asele idatha izakhi uketshezi - kuyinto izithasiselo ehlukahlukene. Uma udinga eyolanda emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ukuthi kuyodingeka izakhiwo ezithile ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukubheka ratio amanzi ethylene glycol. Lezi nemingcele ezimbili kungacacisa viscosity, iphuzu abilayo, qhwa, conductivity ezishisayo, ukushisa ethize kanye umthamo ukunwetshwa.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni nge izithasiselo

izakhiwo ngalinye uhlobo oluthile anti-nqabela okufakiwe iphakethe inquma. Kusukela lezi zingxenye kuyoba izici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo: izindleko, anti-cavitation, ngokuya ehhovisi, futhi anticorrosion. Injongo eyinhloko uma usebenzisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni okufakiwe izenzo Ukuvikelwa ngezinto kusukela izinqubo ezonakalisayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi okufakiwe uyakwazi ukunciphisa ukugqwala ezishelelayo yangaphakathi izikhathi angu-100. Rust ungqimba kwakhiwa okuyinto phezu kwezindonga engaphakathi radiators futhi amapayipi, has abampofu kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo, kunethemba elincane izikhathi 50 kunaleso esinika steel. Ngakho, nokugqwala uba libe yisivikelo ukushisa.

Ngenxa zokwakheka ezonakalisayo tapered inesikhala engaphakathi tube. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ageleze ukumelana ukwanda, futhi ijubane ukunyakaza kokupholisayo ohlelweni iphayiphi incipha. Lokhu kungaholela ukwanda izindleko energy. I kwaphumela nokugqwala izinhlayiya ku kokupholisayo bangaba imbangela depressurization ebizwa circulators. Bona clog iziteshi ukushisa netakhiwo boilers. Ngakho, umsebenzisi ubhekene ukulimala izingxenye Ukushisa izinhlelo.

Ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo ukuvikela metal bafudumale uhlelo ekulimaleni ukugqwala, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukuphila izici idatha iminyaka engu-15. Uma esetshenziswa isixazululo emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni esekelwe ethylene glycol, propylene glycol noma ngaphandle izithasiselo, lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa esindayo ngokuya somnotho, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa izindleko izithasiselo iphakethe.

Nebubi of usebenzisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

Uma usunqume ukugcwalisa uhlelo Ukushisa, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yokuthi isidingo silondoloze Kunconywa lokushisa ububanzi uma usebenzisa kokupholisayo kuchazwe. Akukhathalekile ukuthi ngesisekelo anti-nqabela akusho uhlushwa okweqile. Ukubila kungadala ukubhujiswa isakhiwo. Isilinganiso ukuvala abacaphuni efana ungaphakathi uhla kusuka degree angu-106 kuya 116. Ithegi ethile kuzoya malini ukwakheka buhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesikhathi sokulungiselela kokuqala ukusebenza.

Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi okweqile okunamandla emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kungaholela wokuqhekeka izithasiselo anti-ukugqwala. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba umthetho, is ukubola kanye thumba-off glycols akha compounds ene-asidi. Laphezu kwangaphakathi Ukushisa element iqala ukuba sigcine umule, okuyinto Uphatha kabi usebenza ngendlela efanele yonke iyunithi. Emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni, lapho Izibuyekezo akuzona omuhle kuphela njalo, ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela izingozi ezinjalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuyodingeka ukuqinisekisa kwegazi ethuthukisiwe, okwenza kungabi nokwenzeka kokupholisayo okweqile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikwazi ukunikeza efinyelela ephelele heater emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni esikuvimbela okweqile. Okubalulekile, kumele izingoma ethile wokusebenza okuhlotshaniswa ukushisa umthamo ephansi, conductivity ezishisayo, futhi viscosity kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu kunakwe ngokukhetha elikhiqizayo kwegazi futha radiators.

nemibi ezengeziwe

Noma yimuphi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kalula uthole ngisho ukuvuza kulencane nokusasamba, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke yakha avuzayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhambi naphakathi zigcwala lwezimpawu kanye gaskets ubalekela kulezi zindawo beyoba streaks kwakhiwa. Isizathu nansi ezincane amaphaphu ebusweni. Uma ufuna ukuqeda le enkingeni, udinga qinisa uxhumano. Kungenzeka ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo kuyodingeka liphindwe izikhathi eziningana. Nokho, indlela kuphela sizokwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo uphawu.

Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela iphuzu lokuthi ethylene glycol kungenziwa oxidized by ukuxhumana emoyeni. Njengoba kwanda naphakathi lokushisa namachibi inqubo yanda izikhathi 2 kuphela eyishumi esikalini lokushisa ngayinye. Khona-ke singalindela nesimo kuchaziwe ngenhla. imikhiqizo namachibi kutawufaka sandla nokwehliswa kwesithunzi izithasiselo, okuzothi ngesinye ukusheshisa le nqubo ukugqwala. Yingakho kubalulekile ngakho ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho egcwele ohlelweni, kuhlanganise ukunwebeka nokuncipha okubangelwa amathangi.

Ukukhetha umenzi anti-nqabela

Uma ucabangela abakhiqizi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni futhi kufanele ube nesithakazelo. abathengi Russian avame ekhetha umkhiqizo womshini yasekhaya, ngoba izindleko okungabizi kakhulu. Phakathi izinkampani umphakeli ezivamile bungabonakala "Indlu Warm", "Spektroplast", Zezıhlabane Igazi, kanye Dixis.

Kodwa kusukela zezinhlobo amazwe umthengi avame wenqaba ngenxa ukubaluleka umxhwele. Ezimweni eziningi ngesisekelo emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kuyinto ethylene glycol, izimfanelo okuyinto banikezwe ngenhla. Ingqikithi kuyodingeka ukuba buhlanjululwe ngamanzi kuya wayefisa lokushisa okokuqandisa. Kubalulekile ungacabangi nje kuphela ngokuthi zibiza kakhulu umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi ethile yayo enkulu, okuyinto lubonakaliswa ubuthi.

Izincomo zokusetshenziswa

Uma unesithakazelo umbuzo njengoba ukuba alulaze le emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ukugxila -65 degrees kuyodingeka ukuba uhlanganise 60% kokupholisayo futhi 40% amanzi. Lokhu kuzokwenza uthole lokushisa umnkantsha lamadigri 25. izinguquko lokubiza ukuba 54% emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni futhi 46% amanzi ukuthola lokushisa okokuqandisa ku uhla -20 degrees.

Ukuze ukwazi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kangakanani ohlelweni, udinga ukwengeza-90% ndaba futhi 10% amanzi, izonikeza iphuzu okokuqandisa -25 degrees, okuyinto kuyiqiniso ngoba emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni CONCENTRATE -30 degrees. Ukusebenzisa CONCENTRATE efanayo, kodwa ukuthola izinga lokushisa okokuqandisa ku uhla -20 degrees uzodinga uhlanganise 20% amanzi 80% kokupholisayo.

Inani emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

abathengi abaningi babuzwe lo mbuzo, emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kangakanani. Into yokuqala sikhumbule ukuthi umthamo isitsha kungaba ezahlukene. Ngakho, emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni grade PRIMOCLIMA ANTIFROST, ogxile glycerin, izobiza ruble 690 10 kg. Ingqikithi nomkhiqizi efanayo, kodwa wenza ngesisekelo ethylene glycol, futhi ngeke ukhokhe ruble 1,400 ngalinye 20 kg.

isiphetho

Uma nazi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kangakanani, ungaya esitolo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthenga Isibandisi, okuyinto eyokusiza isikhathi eside. Leli phuzu, ngenhlanhla futhi kunakwe lapho uthenga, njengoba ukuthi akufanele ekulondolozeni kule ndaba. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, ukwakheka kumele ibe ephephile, ngeke kakhulu bandise nokuphila elementi uhlelo Ukushisa ngamunye.