BaseNtshonalanga - kuyizinto ongqondongqondo, abafuna ukuchuma Russia

Ekuhloleni umcabango yezenhlalakahle eRussia akunakwenzeka ngiye phambili-yalolucwaningo 40 Ngekhulu le-19, lapho umqondo kwakhiwa Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga. izingxabano kwakungqubuzana kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, futhi lokhu kusadingeka ukubaluleka zezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni imicimbi yakamuva.

Isibhakabhaka kwekhulu le-19

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, eRussia lezwakala lizwe kanye nezwe imodi izinduna zokukhiqiza, ngokungafani kuya e-Europe, lapho inqubo kokuhlanganiswa kosozimali ubudlelwane wobunxiwankulu. Ngakho, backwardness anda kwezomnotho of the Empire, isiRashiya, okwakunginika isikhathi sokuzindla ngezibusiso sidzingo setingucuko. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, baqala emuva uPetru lokuqala, kodwa imiphumela yaba enganele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ubudlelwane wobunxiwankulu alwa indlela yabo eYurophu esebenzisa ekuvukeleni igazi kanye nodlame. Nyusa mncintiswano, kwaqina nokuxhashazwa. amaqiniso kwakamuva faka amalungu amaningi umcabango yezenhlalakahle kazwelonke. Kunempikiswano ngempela kuyaqondakala mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwaleli zwe kwesikhathi esizayo, kulapho ukuthi baphuthuma komunye ngokwedlulele sababusi kwinqubomgomo yangaphakathi kuya kwenye. Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga - izindlela ezimbili okuphambene-Russia, kodwa wonke umuntu kwadingeka ukuba usiyise nokuchuma.

Ukuphendula ukuhamba Slavophiles

Cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka phakathi amakilasi engenhla isimo Russian kwamiswa sengqondo poklonnicheskoe maqondana Europe nokufeza yayo. Russia uya siguqulwe, uzama ukufana amazwe aseNtshonalanga. A. S. Homyakov kuqala ekhishwe obala umcabango womphakathi mayelana nendlela ekhethekile yentuthuko wombuso wethu - ngesisekelo collectivism, esizibonakalisa umphakathi yasemakhaya. Lokhu aqede isidingo ugcizelele backwardness samandla elilingana Europe. Duzane uzwakalise iziphakamiso ongqondongqondo united, ikakhulukazi ababhali. Yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi i-Slavophiles. BaseNtshonalanga - uhlobo impendulo ukunyakaza ngenhla. Abamele Westernism, esekelwe imibono Georga Gegelya, wabona ukuthambekela esisodwa ukuthuthukiswa wonke amazwe emhlabeni.

Izikhwama yefilosofi baseNtshonalanga

Kuwo wonke umlando wokucabanga womuntu kwakuzwakala umbuzo owaphakanyiswa nguPawulu Gauguin: "Ungubani thina kuphi ???". Ngokuphathelene last okuyingxenye ke labelwa amaphuzu amathathu umbono. Abanye baze bathi elilulaza esintwini. Abanye - ezihamba othize embuthanweni, okungukuthi, ngemijikelezo. Kanti abanye wagomela ukuthi iqhubeka. BaseNtshonalanga - kuyizinto ongqondongqondo abaphethe bawubheke. Babekholelwa ukuthi umlando kuchubekele embili, has eyodwa Vector yentuthuko, ne-Europe ngaphambi nezinye izifunda zomhlaba futhi ziyawahlathulula ukuthi uzoya zonke ezinye izizwe. Ngakho-ke, wonke amazwe, kanye Russia, kufanele ugxile impumelelo impucuko European kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi ngaphandle ngaphandle.

Against baseNtshonalanga Slavophiles

Ngakho, e-40s kwekhulu le-19 aba ngemibono ngxabano "Slavophiles - baseNtshonalanga". A itafula ngokuqhathanisa Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo umhlabeleli ukubonisa imibono yabo phezu esedlule kanye nekusasa isimo Russian.

abameleli baseNtshonalanga

Indima ebalulekile omkhulu wobunxiwankulu kwekuhlela kabusha 60-70s kudlalwa baseNtshonalanga. Abameleli beNdikimba umcabango womphakathi nje kuphela inspirers ngemibono of kugucuka nesimo, kodwa bona ngokwabo babehileleke ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Ngakho, i-isikhundla asebenzayo zenhlalo matasa Konstantin Kavelin, owabhala a "Qaphela ngesikhathi kukhishwa abalimi." Timofey Granovsky, uprofesa womlando, wakhuthaza ukuqhubeka izinguquko ezabekwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, Yokukhanyiselwa kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni asebenzayo. Ababemzungezile kanye akuhlanganisileyo abantu abanazo, okuhlanganisa Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. BaseNtshonalanga imibono ziyisisekelo izinguquko lesichubekako kakhulu ekhulwini le-19 - namajaji, okuyinto wabeka izisekelo umthetho kanye nomphakathi.

Isiphetho baseNtshonalanga

Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi inqubo yentuthuko wenhlangano yezenhlalakahle kwehlukana wayo, okungukuthi okuhlukene. Ayikho ngaphandle, futhi baseNtshonalanga. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuyinhloko ukugqamisa amaqembu olukhulu ekumemezeleni ngendlela wamavukelambuso yokwenza ushintsho. Kuhlanganisa Belinsky, N. Ogarev, futhi-ke, u-Alexander waseHerzen. Esikhathini esithile, kwenzeka slavophiles Kuhlangana kanye baseNtshonalanga wamavukelambuso abakholelwa ukuthi umphakathi wabalimi kungaba ngesisekelo kumadivayisi azayo umphakathi. Kodwa kwakungegazi ayinaso isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela. Ngokuvamile, le ngxabano imibono endleleni yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa Russia kuze kube indima ekhethekile impucuko yethu emhlabeni, kanye nesidingo orientation pro-Western wahlala. Okwamanje, ukuhlukana ngokuyinhloko emkhakheni kwezombangazwe, okwakusho ivelele baseNtshonalanga. Izishoshovu esivuna ukuhlanganiswa ku-European Union, ngoba akubheka njengesono indlela aphume kwangqingetshe impucuko, ezazihlanganisa kodwa esikhathini ukwakhiwa sezenhlalo.