Sisebenzisa ama-ejenti fungicidal sokuvikelwa isitshalo ezifweni

izifo Plant - yezimbangela eziyinhloko kwezitshalo ukulahleka kokubili ngokoMthetho ambalwa kanye qualitative. Umonakalo kubangela eziningi pathogenic ezincane, isikhunta, amagciwane.

Ukuze izifo zezitshalo kwezolimo, kuyancomeka ukuba asebenzise amanxusa fungicidal. Lokhu ikhemikhali, okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi zinambuzane, elikwaziyo ukulwa Amagciwane namasiko ehlukene.

Kungani nesikhunta kudingeka?

Ahamba kahle amalungiselelo fungicidal izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa injongo:

• ikwazi ukulwa nalesi sifo kwenkathi ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano isiko;
• okwandisa ukukhiqiza izitshalo nezithelo emakethe elikhangayo;
• kwandisa ukuphila eshalofini we kuvuna izithelo, imifino, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye imbewu;
• ukuqeda ingozi yezifo kanye okunoshevu kubantu nasezilwaneni, ukungenisa izitshalo ukudla zilimele.

Nesikhunta indima ekuphathweni isifo

Isibalo enama okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi izithelo eqoqwe, hlala indima ebalulekile ejenti fungicidal. Ekusebenteni, bayakwazi ngokwanele ukulawula ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa izifo isitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abazi ukwandisa izindleko izitshalo yezolimo.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela eziphumelela kakhulu ngezakhiwo fungicidal isetshenziswa isifo noma ukubukeka kuqala izimpawu. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi umonakalo obangelwa izifo isitshalo kungukuthi inzuzo. ejenti Chemical ziyakwazi ukuvikela izindawo abangathelelekile kuphela entsha.

Abakhiqizi zisebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzivikela ezingeni imibundu ubuncane. Njengomthetho, bajwayele nokuvimbela, kubhekelwa izibikezelo akhawunti ye izazi zezolimo namahlathi. Lena ukunciphisa izindleko umkhiqizo wokugcina, ngakho ukwandisa inzuzo yebhizinisi, kanye nokuvikela imvelo kusukela nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali.

izindlela yokusetshenziswa

amalungiselelo Fungicidal akhiqizwa ifomu powder, granules, noma igesi ewuketshezi. Zisetshenziswa Ezimweni ezinjalo:

1. Ukucubungula imbewu, ama, izithombo. Izinqubo kungenziwa kokubili inkampani imbewu, kanye ngqo ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngokwesiko esetshenziswa:

- Ukulungiselela "fundazol". Iyatholakala njengendlela powder, has a spectrum ebanzi isinyathelo, ikhambi ibhalwe ingxenye 1 g ngalinye 1 litre amanzi.

- Kusho "fitosporin-M". Isetshenziselwa nokuvimbela fungal kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kuwusizo ngoba ubuthi ongaphakeme, akuyona yingozi izinyosi.

- Ukulungiselela "Maxim-COP". Ngokuphumelelayo esetshenziselwa ukugqoka amazambane nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi zokutshala, kanye izimpande izithombo. Non-anobuthi ukuba izitshalo, izinyoni nezinambuzane, nizkotoksichen abantu. Njengoba eziyingozi ukuze athole izinhlanzi, akumele ukuxhumana izidakamizwa kule amadamu kuvumelekile.

2. ukuphathwa seedbed e imisele noma izimbobo, kuye ngokuthi ukutshala amasu. Isetshenziswa ngokuvamile ketshezi ukwakhiwa fungicidal ngoba impregnation ngu drip irrigation eyenzeka noma njengoba isifutho iqondiswe emhlabeni base zalesi sihlahla.

3. Ukwelashwa amahlamvu nezinye izingxenye zasemoyeni zalesi sihlahla usebenzisa sprayer. Zingasetshenziswa njengendlela, amadivayisi ngesandla, futhi umthamo ezincane ezinkulu, ogandaganda noma uthuthwa umoya.

Ukuze ekucubunguleni bazisebenzisa ejenti fungicidal:

- NGEZIBULALI ZINAMBUZANE "itopazi". Sebenzisa njengoba isilinganiso zokuvimbela futhi njengoba izidakamizwa ekwelapheni. It has a ezahlukene yezenzo. Toxic ukuze izinambuzane, ngakho ekwelapheni izitshalo nale izidakamizwa ngesikhathi izimbali akuvunyelwe. ekilasini Hazard - 3.

- Kusho "Vectra". Umuthi futhi kuvimbela futhi uphatha ngesikhathi esifanayo izitshalo ezifweni eziningi fungal. Iyatholakala njengoba nekhambi izitsha eziyisikhombisa 2 noma 5 ml. Kuyinto okungezona ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi izitshalo, ubuthi ongaphakeme kubantu nasezilwaneni, kodwa silnotoksichen ngoba izinyosi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi nezitshalo eziqhakazayo izidakamizwa alisetshenziswa.

- Ukulungiselela "IKHAYA" (noma "oksihom"). I fungicide kuyinto ebanzi spectrum, kuyaphumelela futhi nizkotoksichen. Ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa 3 amaviki ngaphambi kokuvuna.

- Sulphur Colloid. Iyatholakala njengendlela powder. Ngokuphumelelayo ukulwa emelene powdery isikhutha kanye utwayi. Non-anobuthi, ngakho-ke ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna.

4. Injection izihlahla ngokusebenzisa imigomo.

5. Icubungula izitshalo endlini. Umoya in zokugcina ikhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali ifomu gaseous. izimali maKristu abizwa 'fumigants ". Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ekulweni Amagciwane, kusukela intuthu okuholela noma inkungu umboza ngokuphelele nezitshalo ukunikeza ukucutshungulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa zonke izingxenye zawo.

Zasendlini abamba ukushisa ukusetshenziswa HCN, chloropicrin, dichloropropene, carbon disulfide, ethylene dibromide-1.

Kunoma yikuphi uhlobo machining kahle usebenzise nesikhunta zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi 5 emva etching kuqala. Sibangelwa isenzo amakhemikhali ukukhanya phezu lokushisa ukulungiselela kanye nethonya erosive yezinto zemvelo ezifana imvula, umoya.

Izinhlobo nezincazelo nesikhunta

Nesikhunta ihlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningana, kusekelwe emigomweni ezahlukene:

1. Mobility ezikulesi simila. Inhlanganisela elilungile kakhulu nephephe babe amakhemikhali bidirectional ukuthi ungahlali phezu, sifakwe emanzini izimpande, ezihambayo up isiqu amahlamvu futhi kalula ukuhambisa kusukela amahlamvu nezimpande zezihlahla.

2. Indima in the Protection: zokuvimbela noma ekwelapheni.

3. Ipherimitha yesenzo: kusayithi eyodwa noma amaningi.

4. imiphumela kwemithi. ejenti Fungicidal uyakwazi ukubulala isikhunta, ulwelwesi yabo elimazayo yeselula, inactivation ezibucayi ngenxa yokuphila uketshezi noma amaprotheni bagxambukela izinqubo ezibalulekile ezifana emishinini yokuphefumula noma amandla okukhiqiza. Eminye imikhiqizo asanda kwakhiwa ahlukile kulelo abazi ngokuqondile kuthinte lwegciwane uqobo. Lezi amakhambi ukukhiqiza ezikulesi simila aphethe okubizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo atholwe ukuzabalaza" (SPU). Lezi SPU eyenga ngezimpawu zamakhemikhali ukuthi kusebenze izindlela eziqondile ukuzivikela ezifana ukuqina izindonga cell nokuthuthukiswa amaprotheni antifungal. E. isitshalo njengoba uthola ukungatheleleki kusuka eziphilayo adala izifo.

5. Uhlobo amakhemikhali ukwakheka: wezinto ezingaphili noma organic. Eziningi zalezi nesikhunta okuqala ayengelona compounds wezinto esekelwe sulphur noma insimbi ion, ezifana ithusi, ithini cadmium kanye mercury ezingesiyo anobuthi ukuba nesikhunta kodwa izitshalo ngokwabo kuphela. Copper sulphur Namanje kabanzi.

Organic yilezo equkethe ama-athomu carbon ku ukwakheka kwama-molecule ye zamakhemikhali. Namuhla it is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa enjalo ejenti fungicidal. Lezi zimali zibhekene ngqo hhayi kuphela anobuthi ngoba izitshalo, kodwa futhi ngoba izinambuzane, izilwane kanye nabantu. Have ingozi ekilasini 4. umphumela oyinhlekelele phezu Amagciwane kuyilapho kulondolozwa impilo Agro-ecosystem.